Strong convergence theorems for uniformly continuous pseudocontractive maps

Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Banach space E and let be a uniformly continuous pseudocontraction. Fix any u∈K. Let {xn} be defined by the iterative process: x₀∈K, xn+1:=μn(αnTxn+(1−αn)xn)+(1−μn)u. Let δ(?) denote the modulus of continuity of T with pseudo-inverse ?. If and {xn} are bounded then, under some mild conditions on the sequences n{αn} and n{μn}, the strong convergence of {xn} to a fixed point of T is proved. In the special case where T is Lipschitz, it is shown that the boundedness assumptions on and {xn} can be dispensed with.     

Strong convergence theorems for maximal monotone mappings in Banach spaces

Let E be a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth real Banach space with dual E^∗. Let be a Lipschitz continuous monotone mapping with A⁻¹(0)≠∅. For given u,x₁∈E, let {xn} be generated by the algorithm xn+1:=βnu+(1−βn)(xn−αnAJxn), n?1, where J is the normalized duality mapping from E into E^∗ and {λn} and {θn} are real sequences in (0,1) satisfying certain conditions. Then it is proved that, under some mild conditions, {xn} converges strongly to x^∗∈E where Jx^∗∈A⁻¹(0). Finally, we apply our convergence theorems to the convex minimization problems.     

Convergence theorems for fixed points of uniformly continuous generalized Φ-hemi-contractive mappings

Let E be a real normed linear space, K be a nonempty subset of E and be a uniformly continuous generalized Φ-hemi-contractive mapping, i.e., , and there exist x^∗∈F(T) and a strictly increasing function , Φ(0)=0 such that for all x∈K, there exists j(x−x^∗)∈J(x−x^∗) such that

〈Tx−x^∗,j(x−x^∗)〉?‖x−x^∗‖2−Φ(‖x−x^∗‖).     

Strong convergence theorems for fixed points of asymptotically pseudocontractive semi-groups

Let K be a nonempty closed convex and bounded subset of a real Banach space E. Let be a strongly continuous uniformly asymptotically regular and uniformly L-Lipschitzian semi-group of asymptotically pseudocontractive mappings from K into K. Then for a given u∈K there exists a sequence {y_n}∈K satisfying the equation y_n=(1−α_n)(T(t_n))ⁿy_n+α_nu for each , where α_n∈(0,1) and t_n>0 satisfy appropriate conditions. Suppose further that E is uniformly convex and has uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm, under suitable conditions on the mappings T, the sequence {y_n} converges strongly to a fixed point of . Furthermore, an explicit sequence {x_n} generated from x₁∈K by x_n+1:=(1−λ_n)x_n+λ_n(T(t_n))ⁿx_n−λ_nθ_n(x_n−x₁) for all integers n?1, where {λ_n}, {θ_n} are positive real sequences satisfying appropriate conditions, converges strongly to a fixed point of .     

Iterative approximation of fixed points of nonexpansive mappings

Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Banach space E which has a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm and be a nonexpansive mapping with F(T):={x∈K:Tx=x}≠∅. For a fixed δ∈(0,1), define by Sx:=(1−δ)x+δTx, ∀x∈K. Assume that {zt} converges strongly to a fixed point z of T as t→0, where zt is the unique element of K which satisfies zt=tu+(1−t)Tzt for arbitrary u∈K. Let {αn} be a real sequence in (0,1) which satisfies the following conditions: ; . For arbitrary x₀∈K, let the sequence {xn} be defined iteratively by

xn+1=αnu+(1−αn)Sxn.     

Weak and strong convergence theorems for strict pseudo-contractions in Hilbert spaces

Let C be a closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H and assume that T is a κ-strict pseudo-contraction on C with a fixed point, for some 0?κ<1. Given an initial guess x₀∈C and given also a real sequence {αn} in (0,1). The Mann's algorithm generates a sequence {xn} by the formula: xn+1=αnxn+(1−αn)Txn, n?0. It is proved that if the control sequence {αn} is chosen so that κ<αn<1 and , then {xn} converges weakly to a fixed point of T. However this convergence is in general not strong. We then modify Mann's algorithm by applying projections onto suitably constructed closed convex sets to get an algorithm which generates a strong convergent sequence. This result extends a recent result of Nakajo and Takahashi [K. Nakajo, W. Takahashi, Strong convergence theorems for nonexpansive mappings and nonexpansive semigroups, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 279 (2003) 372-379] from nonexpansive mappings to strict pseudo-contractions.     

A subadditive property of the gamma function

Let Δ=min_x?0Γ(2x)/Γ(x) and . We prove that the function x?(Γ(x))^α is subadditive on (0,∞) if and only if α∗?α?0.     

Weak and strong convergence theorems for finite families of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces

Let E be a real uniformly convex Banach space whose dual space E^∗ satisfies the Kadec-Klee property, K be a closed convex nonempty subset of E. Let be asymptotically nonexpansive mappings of K into E with sequences (respectively) satisfying kin→1 as n→∞, i=1,2,…,m, and . For arbitrary ?∈(0,1), let be a sequence in [?,1−?], for each i∈{1,2,…,m} (respectively). Let {xn} be a sequence generated for m?2 by

     

Generating functions via integral transforms

In this paper, we use some integral transforms to derive, for a polynomial sequence {Pn(x)}_n?0, generating functions of the type , starting from a generating function of type , where {γn}_n?0 is a real numbers sequence independent on x and t. That allows us to unify the treatment of a generating function problem for many well-known polynomial sequences in the literature.     

Strong convergence theorems for nonexpansive semigroup in Banach spaces

Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of a reflexive and strictly convex Banach space E with a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm, and a nonexpansive self-mappings semigroup of K, and a fixed contractive mapping. The strongly convergent theorems of the following implicit and explicit viscosity iterative schemes {xn} are proved.

xn=αnf(xn)+(1−αn)T(tn)xn,     

A generalization of the Strassen converse

This note is devoted to a generalization of the Strassen converse. Let gn:R^∞→[0,∞], n?1 be a sequence of measurable functions such that, for every n?1, and for all x,y∈R^∞, where 0<C<∞ is a constant which is independent of n. Let be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables. Assume that there exist r?1 and a function ?:[0,∞)→[0,∞) with limt→∞?(t)=∞, depending only on the sequence such that lim supn→∞gn(X₁,X₂,…)=?(Er|X|) a.s. whenever Er|X|<∞ and EX=0. We prove the converse result, namely that lim supn→∞gn(X₁,X₂,…)<∞ a.s. implies Er|X|<∞ (and EX=0 if, in addition, lim supn→∞gn(c,c,…)=∞ for all c≠0). Some applications are provided to illustrate this result.     

Log-concavity and LC-positivity

A triangle {a(n,k)}_0?k?n of nonnegative numbers is LC-positive if for each r, the sequence of polynomials is q-log-concave. It is double LC-positive if both triangles {a(n,k)} and {a(n,n−k)} are LC-positive. We show that if {a(n,k)} is LC-positive then the log-concavity of the sequence {xk} implies that of the sequence {zn} defined by , and if {a(n,k)} is double LC-positive then the log-concavity of sequences {xk} and {yk} implies that of the sequence {zn} defined by . Examples of double LC-positive triangles include the constant triangle and the Pascal triangle. We also give a generalization of a result of Liggett that is used to prove a conjecture of Pemantle on characteristics of negative dependence.     

Approximation of common fixed points for finite families of nonself asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces

Let E be a real uniformly convex Banach space, K be a closed convex nonempty subset of E which is also a nonexpansive retract with retraction P. Let be asymptotically nonexpansive mappings of K into E with sequences (respectively) satisfying kin→1 as n→∞, i=1,2,…,m, and . Let be a sequence in [?,1−?],?∈(0,1), for each i∈{1,2,…,m} (respectively). Let {xn} be a sequence generated for m?2 by

     

Toeplitz operators associated to commuting row contractions

Let H be a complex Hilbert space and let {Tn}_n?1 be a sequence of commuting bounded operators on H such that . Let denote the space of all operators X in B(H) for which and suppose that . We will show that there exists a triple {K,Γ,{Un}_n?1} where K is a Hilbert space, Γ:K→H is a bounded operator and {Un}_n?1⊂B(K) is a sequence of commuting normal operators with such that TnΓ=ΓUn for n?1, and for which the mapping Y?ΓYΓ^∗ is a complete isometry from the commutant of {Un}_n?1 onto the space . Moreover we show that the inverse of this mapping can be extended to a ^∗-homomorphism

     

Positive solutions for some Schrödinger equations having partially periodic potentials

This paper is concerned with the problem of finding positive solutions of the equation −Δu+(a_∞+a(x))u=|u|^q−2u, where q is subcritical, Ω is either RN or an unbounded domain which is periodic in the first p coordinates and whose complement is contained in a cylinder , a_∞>0, a∈C(RN,R) is periodic in the first p coordinates, infx∈RN(a_∞+a(x))>0 and a(x^′,x^″)→0 as |x^″|→∞ uniformly in x^′. The cases a?0 and a?0 are considered and it is shown that, under appropriate assumptions on a, the problem has one solution in the first case and p+1 solutions in the second case when p?N−2.     

Sets whose sumset avoids a thin sequence

Let {a₁,a₂,a₃,…} be an unbounded sequence of positive integers with an+1/an approaching α as n→∞, and let β>max(α,2). We show that for all sufficiently large x?0, if A⊂[0,x] is a set of nonnegative integers containing 0 and satisfying