多指标模糊评价方法在水驱油田低效循环通道识别中的应用

为改善注水效果达到稳油控水的目的,必须采取低效循环井层调堵措施,而有效识别低效循环通道、分析形成低效循环通道成因是问题的关键.考虑到渗透率、有效厚度等静态参数和注水量、含水率等动态指标,利用多指标综合评价方法,确定判断低效循环油水井的动静态指标体系以及各指标的权重和隶属度并依次进行一级评判、二级评判和三级评判,对低效循环油水井和通道进行识别.应用此方法识别出黑47区块16口油井,6口水井以及67个低效循环通道,深入认识形成低效循环通道的原因,对认识其他油田低效循环通道成因类型及制定增产增注措施具有一定的指导意义.     

基于模糊综合评判法的优势渗流通道定量识别方法研究

目前我国大多数油田已进入高含水期,油水井间的优势渗流通道普遍发育,严重制约了油田采收率的提高.如何有效识别优势渗流通道已成为改善注入水驱油效果的关键.基于模糊综合评判法,将油水井动静态资料相结合建立评价模型,利用综合评判指数对优势渗流通道进行识别,并建立出量化标准.应用注采动态关联分析法对所建立的评价模型及标准进行验证,并对某区块油藏进行优势渗流通道识别判断,识别效果较好.评价方法资料获取难度低,计算方便,易于操作和推广,能够为油田后期深度调驱或井网调整提供理论依据.     

识别非均质油田无效注采井和层的数学模型

多层砂岩油藏注水开发后期,在油水井之间形成了储层高渗透通道,导致注入水沿高渗透通道做无效循环,油井产量下降.为改善注入水驱油效果,必须对无效注采井层实施调剖、堵水等措施,而有效识别无效注采井层是解决问题的关键.优选出了识别无效注采油水井和无效注采层位的判定指标,并建立了用于识别无效注采油水井和无效注采层位的模糊综合评判数学模型.     

识别低效循环井和层的数学模型

油田到了注水开发后期、高含水甚至特高含水开发阶段,由于地质和开发两方面的原因,在油水井之间形成了低效循环通道,导致注入水沿低效循环通道长期做无效或低效循环,油井产量下降.为改善注水开发效果达到稳油控水目的,有必要对低效循环井层实施调剖、封堵等措施,而有效识别低效循环井层是问题的关键.优选出了识别低效循环油水井和低效循环层位的判定指标,并建立了用于识别低效循环井层的模糊综合评判数学模型.     

多通道异构网络诱导延时约束下网络化控制系统的量化控制研究

针对异构网络环境下信号在多通道中传输受到的网络诱导延时在每个通道不尽相同,使得量化控制更加困难的问题.文章首先运用两个马尔科夫链分别刻画有线和无线网络在同一/不同时刻每个通道的网络诱导延时特性并给出数学描述式,进而建立了融合量化器参数和多通道异构网络诱导延时参量的马尔科夫跳变系统综合模型.理论证明了在给定量化密度和最长网络诱导延时下闭环系统随机稳定,并建立了量化参数、网络诱导延时和系统稳定性之间的关系.最后,仿真验证了所提方法可行且有效.     

多通道双折射滤光器——Ⅰ.原理和视频光谱仪

在双折射滤光器中,用组合偏振光束分离器代替传统的偏振片,使滤光器的出射成为振动彼此垂直,光谱彼此互补的两束偏振光,即产生两个通道。当这种级连续使用时能产生多通道双折射滤光器,当使各通道透过带连续分布于谱线附近光谱区时,能产生新型的视频光谱仪。文中还讨论了视频光谱仪的各种结构特性和优良性能,以及在太阳物理研究中如何防止太阳辐射生热的问题。     

应用模糊综合评判方法识别水驱优势渗流通道井和层

在油田注水开发过程中,由于储层平面非均质性、流体非均质性及开发条件的影响,在平面上会出现注入水突进的情况.注水井中的注入水向不同方向驱油,推进往往是不均匀的,一般总有一个方向突进最快,且经过长期水洗之后,这个方向有可能发展成大孔道,形成水驱优势渗流通道.建立应用模糊综合评判方法识别水驱优势渗流通道井和层的数学模型,应用水驱优势渗流通道分析判定软件,对河南双河油田ⅦⅣ油组主力油层(Ⅷ1、Ⅳ1、4、5)274口井进行了实例计算,识别出水驱优势渗流通道油水井共97口,其中水井43口,油井54口,识别出14个水驱优势渗流层位.通过油藏工程和数值模拟方法进行了验证,表明运用综合评判方法识别水驱优势渗流通道井和层是一种客观有效的方法,评价方法计算方便,易于操作和推广.     

利用模糊综合分析法识别水驱砂岩油藏注采井间优势通道

砂岩油藏由于长期注水开发形成的优势通道导致注入水在注采井间低效、无效循环,严重影响水驱开发效果.有效识别优势通道是油藏提高水驱采收率必须解决的关键问题.采用模糊综合分析法,以地质静态因素为基础,结合动态监测结果,利用变异系数法对指标加权并计算优势通道综合判别参数,定量识别出水驱砂岩油藏优势通道并描述其发育程度.将方法应用于X3油区典型井组优势通道识别并利用吸水剖面法验证其结果准确性.方法可实现软件编程计算,方便快捷、结果准确可靠,能够为油田开发后期制定合理调整方案提供有力依据.     

小鼠视觉刺激相关的脑电波分离研究

脑电波信号是无数神经元放电的混合,而实际测量所得到的脑电波信号又是由许许多多构成不同想法和控制行为的脑信号合成的.只有将脑电波信号很好地分离,才能从中确定某种脑电波与某种行为之间的关系.由于采集到的脑电信号强度很微弱,信号的强弱差别很大,所以传统的盲源分离模型很难凑效.结合独立成分分析(Independent Component Analyse,ICA)方法,首先对原始脑电信号进行去噪处理、然后,分离出呼吸相关的脑电信号,接着,根据视觉刺激对分离后的脑电信号进行时域对齐,最终在对齐的脑电信号片段上分离出与视觉相关的脑电信号.     

EMD和FCM的脑电信号处理方法

基于脑电信号非平稳、复杂、信噪比低的特性,使用经验模式分解(EMD)算法对脑电信号进行分解,提取主要IMF分量的特征值,之后使用模糊C-均值(FCM)进行分类,并与现有的几种脑电分类方法做了对比研究.研究结果表明,基于2003年第二届BCI大赛脑电信号库的分类正确率达到78%,对于现有的脑电分类方法有一定的借鉴意义.     

Mathematically modelling surface EMG signals

Comprehension and correct interpretation of EMG signals and their generation could still be well improved. Computational models that can predict the EMG signal resulting from realistic motor unit recruitment as well as the underlying biophysical processes of single skeletal muscle fibres are therefore highly desirable. Having such a model available, one can test, verify and improve algorithms determining motor unit recruitment. Here, we present a three-dimensional, continuum-based, forward model that is able to produce a virtual EMG signal based on the underlying biophysical principles of skeletal muscle fibre activation. The result is a virtual EMG signal for complex and realistic geometries that may even undergo deformations as in the case of dynamic contractions. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Linear correlation between fractal dimension of surface EMG signal from Rectus Femoris and height of vertical jump

Fractal dimension was demonstrated to be able to characterize the complexity of biological signals. The EMG time series are well known to have a complex behavior and some other studies already tried to characterize these signals by their fractal dimension.This paper is aimed at studying the correlation between the fractal dimension of surface EMG signal recorded over Rectus Femoris muscles during a vertical jump and the height reached in that jump.Healthy subjects performed vertical jumps at different heights. Surface EMG from Rectus Femoris was recorded and the height of each jump was measured by an optoelectronic motion capture system.Fractal dimension of sEMG was computed and the correlation between fractal dimension and eight of the jump was studied.Linear regression analysis showed a very high correlation coefficient between the fractal dimension and the height of the jump for all the subjects.The results of this study show that the fractal dimension is able to characterize the EMG signal and it can be related to the performance of the jump. Fractal dimension is therefore an useful tool for EMG interpretation.     

Multi-harmonic measurements and numerical simulations of nonlinear vibrations of a beam with non-ideal boundary conditions

This study presents a direct comparison of measured and predicted nonlinear vibrations of a clamped–clamped steel beam with non-ideal boundary conditions. A multi-harmonic comparison of simulations with measurements is performed in the vicinity of the primary resonance. First of all, a nonlinear analytical model of the beam is developed taking into account non-ideal boundary conditions. Three simulation methods are implemented to investigate the nonlinear behavior of the clamped–clamped beam. The method of multiple scales is used to compute an analytical expression of the frequency response which enables an easy updating of the model. Then, two numerical methods, the Harmonic Balance Method and a time-integration method with shooting algorithm, are employed and compared one with each other. The Harmonic Balance Method enables to simulate the vibrational stationary response of a nonlinear system projected on several harmonics. This study then proposes a method to compare numerical simulations with measurements of all these harmonics. A signal analysis tool is developed to extract the system harmonics’ frequency responses from the temporal signal of a swept sine experiment. An evolutionary updating algorithm (Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy), coupled with highly selective filters is used to identify both fundamental frequency and harmonic amplitudes in the temporal signal, at every moment. This tool enables to extract the harmonic amplitudes of the output signal as well as the input signal. The input of the Harmonic Balance Method can then be either an ideal mono-harmonic signal or a multi-harmonic experimental signal. Finally, the present work focuses on the comparison of experimental and simulated results. From experimental output harmonics and numerical simulations, it is shown that it is possible to distinguish the nonlinearities of the clamped–clamped beam and the effect of the non-ideal input signal.     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的结构瞬时频率识别北大核心CSCD

为识别时变信号的瞬时频率,由分数阶Fourier变换定义推导出了一般信号的频率与单一变量旋转角度α的关系式,从理论上解释了分数阶Fourier变换本质上是一种普通Fourier变换结合伸缩平移窗的算法,进而在分数阶Fourier域建立了非平稳信号瞬时频率的一般表达式,实现了结构瞬时频率的识别.采用任意非线性调频信号仿真算例和三自由度有阻尼时变结构系统的数值算例对提出的方法进行了比较分析.结果表明,该文提出的方法与理论值吻合良好,并具有一定的抗噪性,验证了方法的可靠性和实用性,可以应用于时变结构瞬时频率的识别.     

可加白高斯信道上软判决序贯译码的码元度量的估计

其中,n(t)为高斯白噪声,具有均值 E_n(t)=0和自相关函数 E_n(s)n(t)=(N_0)/2δ(t—s);N_0称为噪声 n(t)的单边功率谱密度,δ(τ)称为δ函数或单位脉冲函数.r_i(t)通过相干解调后得     

On the fractional-order extended Kalman filter and its application to chaotic cryptography in noisy environment

In this paper via a novel method of discretized continuous-time Kalman filter, the problem of synchronization and cryptography in fractional-order systems has been investigated in presence of noisy environment for process and output signals. The fractional-order Kalman filter equation, applicable for linear systems, and its extension called the extended Kalman filter, which can be used for nonlinear systems, are derived. The result is utilized for chaos synchronization with the aim of cryptography while the transmitter system is fractional-order, and both the transmitter and transmission channel are noisy. The fractional-order stochastic chaotic Chen system is then presented to apply the proposed method for chaotic signal cryptography. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

2-order additive fuzzy measure identification method based on diamond pairwise comparison and maximum entropy principle

Fuzzy measures can flexibly describe the relative importance of decision criterion as well as their interactions in multicriteria decision making. Based on the diamond pairwise comparison, a new identification method of 2-order additive fuzzy measure is proposed. The relative weight and the interaction degree can be obtained simultaneously for every pair of criteria in the diamond pairwise comparison. The Choquet integral-based equivalent alternative curve can help the decision maker estimate the interaction degrees between criteria. The overall importance of each criterion is obtained by the maximum eigenvector method of AHP. According to the maximum fuzzy measure entropy principal, a nonlinear programming is constructed to identify the interaction indices among criteria. Finally, an illustrative example shows the feasibility and validity of the proposed identification method.     

Phaseless Signal Recovery in Infinite Dimensional Spaces Using Structured Modulations

This paper considers the recovery of continuous signals in infinite dimensional spaces from the magnitude of their frequency samples. It proposes a sampling scheme which involves a combination of oversampling and modulations with complex exponentials. Sufficient conditions are given such that almost every signal with compact support can be reconstructed up to a unimodular constant using only its magnitude samples in the frequency domain. Finally it is shown that an average sampling rate of four times the Nyquist rate is enough to reconstruct almost every time-limited signal.     

对角量子信道的纠错码空间的存在性与构造

通过量子信道的Kraus算子,提出了对角量子信道的概念,证明了对角量子信道的一些性质：一个量子信道成为对角量子信道的充要条件是所有对角矩阵都是它的不动点;同一对角量子信道的所有压缩矩阵具有相同的秩;一个对角量子信道不可纠错的充要条件是其压缩矩阵是行满秩的.进而证明了一个对角量子信道在整个空间上可纠错当且仅当其压缩矩阵为1秩阵.最后,利用一个具体例子给出了构造对角量子信道的码空间的一种方法.     

Coordination in a distribution channel with decisions on the nature of incentives and share-dependency on pricing

We research the most suitable coordination mechanism for a distribution channel that is composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. Coordination is sought through a Revenue Sharing Contract (RSC) and the channel members have four coordination options in the menu: The share of revenues can be either set during the course of the game (endogenous) or preset before the game starts (exogenous); similarly, the retail price can be either share-dependent or share-independent. We seek to identify the coordination mechanism that leads to a profit-Pareto-improving situation with respect to a non-coordinated channel that implements a wholesale price contract. We compare players’ profits in the four coordination options and identify the mechanisms that firms prefer. Compared to the non-coordinated channel, our findings suggest that the manufacturer is always economically better-off through coordination, independent of the mechanism the channel uses. In contrast, the retailer is better-off with a share-dependent-pricing mechanism with the share set ex-post. The adoption of a preset share is conditionally beneficial to the parameter fraction. The economic value loss due to the double marginalization cannot be entirely eliminated, independent of the nature (exogenous or endogenous) of the sharing parameter and on the effect of RSC on pricing. In the comparison among coordination mechanisms, only a share-dependent-pricing mechanism with the share fixed over the course of the game is profit-Pareto-improving.