浅析有条件的分式化简与求值问题

解有条件的分式化简与求值问题时,既要瞄准目标,又要抓住条件;既要根据目标变换条件,又要依据条件来调整目标,常常用到如下解题技巧.1引入参数法此法的运用特点是当题目所给条件为连比等式的形式时,采用引入参数法进行转换.例1已知a2+b=b-32c=3c4-a,求5a8+a6+b9-b7c的值.分析审视条件和待求式,设连比值为k,则a,b,c分别能用参数k的倍数来表示,问题可迎刃而解.解设a2+b=b-32c=3c4-a=k,则a+b=2k,b-2c=3k,3c-a=4k,三式联立解方程组,得a=-151k,b=215k,c=35k.所以,5a+6b-7c8a+9b=5×(-115k)+6×251k-7×35k8×(-151k)+9×251k=15001.点评通过引入参数k,将条件转化为方程组,然后用k分别表示a,b,c,代入分式中求解.通过引入参数,实现将多元(a,b,c)转变为一元(k)来求解,既有条不紊又方便快捷.例2已知abc≠0,且a+cb=ba+c=c+ba,求(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)abc的值.分析审视条件和待求式,设连比值为k,则待求式等于k3,若能求出k,问题获解.解设a+cb=ba+c=c...     

圆锥曲线的又一性质

有众多文献给出了圆锥曲线(即椭圆、双曲线、抛物线的统称)的美妙性质,本文再给出一条.定理　自圆锥曲线的准线与对称轴的交点引这条圆锥曲线的切线,则切线斜率的平方等于这条圆锥曲线离心率的平方.证　1)当圆锥曲线是椭圆时,不妨设椭圆的方程是x2a2 + y2b2 =1(a >b >0 ) ,只考虑点A(- a2c,0 )(其中a2 =b2 +c2 ,c >0 )处的切线.可设切线的方程为y =k(x + a2c) ,将其代入x2a2 + y2b2 =1,得(b2 +a2 k2 )x2 + 2a4k2c x + a6k2c2 -a2 b2 =0 .令Δ=2a4k2c2 - 4(b2 +a2 k2 )·a6k2c2 -a2 b2 =0 ,可得k2 =ca2 ,即k2 =e2 .2 )当圆锥曲线是双曲线时,…     

关于本原商高数的新猜想

设a,b,c是满足a=m²-n2-n²,b=2mn,c=m2,b=2mn,c=m²+n2+n²的正整数,其中m,n是适合m>n,gcd(m,n)=1,2|mn的正整数.运用初等数论方法讨论了方程c2的正整数,其中m,n是适合m>n,gcd(m,n)=1,2|mn的正整数.运用初等数论方法讨论了方程c^x+bx+b^y=ay=a^z的正整数解(x,y,z).证明(m,n)≡(0,1),(0,5),(1,2),(2,3),(3,4),(4,1),(4,5),(5,6),(6,7)或(7,0)(mod8)时,方程无解.上述结果部分地解决了有关本原商高数的一个新猜想.     

关于阶乘的Erds-Stewart猜想

摘要:设n是正整数;P_0=1,P_i(i=1,2,…)是第i个素数.本文证明了:方程 n!+1=P_k~aP_(k+1)~b,P_(k-1)0,b>0,仅有解(n,P_k,P_(k+1),a,b)=(1,1,2,1,0),(2,3,5,1,0),(3,5,7,0,1),(4,5,7,2,0),(5,7,11,0,2).上述结果证实了Erds和Stewart提出的一个猜想.     

关于丢番图方程(an)x+(bn)y=(cn)z

设n,a,b,c是正整数,gcd(a,b,c)=1,a,b≥3,且丢番图方程a~x+b~y=c~z只有正整数解(x,y,z)=(1,1,1).证明了若(x,y,z)是丢番图方程(an)~x+(bn)~y=(cn)~z的正整数解且(x,y,z)≠(1,1,1),则yzz或xzy.还证明了当(a,b,c)=(3,5,8),(5,8,13),(8,13,21),(13,21,34)时,丢番图方程(an)~x+(bn)~y=(cn)~z只有正整数解(x,y,z)=(1,1,1).     

非整边的直角三角形整距点问题

以直角顶点为原点 ,两直角边分别为 x轴和 y轴的正方向建立坐标系 .不妨设斜边所在直线方程为 ax +by=n,则方程 ax +by=n - kc(其中 a、b、c∈ N+,且 a2 +b2 =c2 ,k为整数 )的正整数解就是整距点的坐标 ,因此整距点问题与一类不定方程的正整数解联系起来 .设 a,b,n皆为正整数 ,有以下引理 .引理 1　方程 ax +by =n有整数解的充要条件是 (a,b) |n.引理 2　若 (a,b) =1,且 x0 ,y0 为方程 ax+by =n的一组解 ,则方程其它解可表示为 :x =x0 +bt,y =y0 - at(t为整数 ) .引理 3　设 (a,b) =1,则当 n>ab- a-b时 ,方程 ax +by =n必有非负整数解 .以…     

与Euler函数φ(n)有关的非线性方程的正整数解

在Euler函数φ(n)的性质的基础上,利用整数分解的方法证明了对任意的正整数m,n,非线性方程φ(mn)=aφ(m)+bφ(n)+c~2(a,b,c为勾股数且gcd(a,b,c)=1)当(a,b,c)=(3,4,5),(5,12,13),(7,24,25)时无正整数解,并证明了当a,b为任意的一奇一偶,c为任意的奇数,且满足a~2+b~2=c~2,gcd(a,b)=1,2|b时,方程无正整数解.     

含向量的方程

在高三的一本数学复习资料中,有一道关于含向量的方程的解的存在性的问题.下面在该题求解的基础上探讨一下怎样判断和解含向量的方程.　　题目　已知a,b,c为非零向量且a⊥b,x∈R,x1,x2 是方程ax2 + bx + c=0的两实根,求证:x1=x2 .1　解法探讨错解　因为a⊥b则a·b=0 .b·(ax2 + bx+ c) =0 ,(b·a) x2 + b2 x+ b·c=0 ,∴　x=- b·cb2 .故,原方程只有唯一解,所以x1=x2 .错因分析　“将原方程两边同点乘b”,不是同解变形.b·(ax2 + b·x+ c) =0成立时,除了ax2 + bx+ c=0外,还有可能是b⊥(ax2 + bx+ c) .所以- (b·c) / b2不一定是原方程的解.…     

关于方程ax+by=cz的Terai-Jesmanowicz猜想

设m是正整数,证明了:(A)如果b是奇素数,且a=m3-3m,b=3m2-1,c=m2+1,那么丢番图方程ax+by=cz(1)仅有正整数解(x,y,z)=(2,2,3);(B)如果b是奇素数,且a=m|m4-10m2+5|,b=5m4-10m2+1,c=m2+1,那么丢番图方程(1)仅有正整数解(x,y,z)=(2,2,5).     

(一)1/2=-1?

题目已知a/b+c=b/c+a=c/a+b,求a/b+c的值。解1 因a/b+c=c/a+b,由等此定理: a/b+c=a+b+c/(b+c)+(c+a)+(a+b)=a+b+c/2(a+b+c)=1/2。解2 因a/b+c=b/c+a=c/a+b=-d/-(a+c) 由等比定理得: a/b+c=a+(-b)/(b+c)+〔-(a+c)〕=a-b/b-a=-1 这岂不成了1/2=-1吗?谁是谁非?     

RECENT PROGRESS ON SPHERICAL HARMONIC APPROXIMATION MADE BY BNU RESEARCH GROUP ——In memory of Professor Sun Yongsheng

As early as in 1990, Professor Sun Yongsheng, suggested his students at Beijing Normal University to consider research problems on the unit sphere. Under his guidance and encouragement his students started the research on spherical harmonic analysis and approximation. In this paper, we incompletely introduce the main achievements in this area obtained by our group and relative researchers during recent 5 years （2001-2005）. The main topics are： convergence of Cesaro summability, a.e. and strong summability of Fourier-Laplace series; smoothness and K-functionals; Kolmogorov and linear widths.     

A unified approach to certain problems of best local approximation

In this paper we study best local quasi-rational approximation and best local approximation from finite dimensional subspaces of vectorial functions of several variables. Our approach extends and unifies several problems concerning best local multi-point approximation in different norms.     

Boundedness for commutators of multipliers on Hardy type spaces

In this paper, we study the commutators generalized by multipliers and a BMO function. Under some assumptions, we establish its boundedness properties from certain atomic Hardy space Hb^p（R^n） into the Lebesgue space L^p with p 〈 1.     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

<正>August 10-14,2015Beijing,ChinaThe International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(ICIAM)is the premier international congress in the field of applied mathematics held every four years under the auspices of the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists     

Towards Excellence in Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

<正>May 26,2014,Beijing Science is a human enterprise in the pursuit of knowledge.The scientific revolution that occurred in the 17th Century initiated the advances of modern science.The scientific knowledge system created by     

Bounds for the zeros of polynomials

Let P(z)=∑↓j=0↑n ajx^j be a polynomial of degree n. In this paper we prove a more general result which interalia improves upon the bounds of a class of polynomials. We also prove a result which includes some extensions and generalizations of Enestrǒm-Kakeya theorem.     

Boundedness of commutators related to Marcinkiewicz integrals on hardy type spaces

In this paper, the authors study the boundedness of the operator [μΩ, b], the commutator generated by a function b ∈ Lipβ(Rn)(0 ＜β≤ 1) and the Marcinkiewicz integrals μΩ, on the classical Hardy spaces and the Herz-type Hardy spaces in the case Ω∈ Lipα(Sn-1)(0 ＜α≤ 1).     

Jacobi polynomials used to invert the laplace transform

Given the Laplace transform F(s) of a function f(t), we develop a new algorithm to find an approximation to f(t) by the use of the classical Jacobi polynomials. The main contribution of our work is the development of a new and very effective method to determine the coefficients in the finite series expansion that approximation f(t) in terms of Jacobi polynomials. Some numerical examples are illustrated.     

Generalization of the interaction between Haar approximation and polynomial operators to higher order methods

In applications it is useful to compute the local average empirical statistics on u. A very simple relation exists when of a function f（u） of an input u from the local averages are given by a Haar approximation. The question is to know if it holds for higher order approximation methods. To do so, it is necessary to use approximate product operators defined over linear approximation spaces. These products are characterized by a Strang and Fix like condition. An explicit construction of these product operators is exhibited for piecewise polynomial functions, using Hermite interpolation. The averaging relation which holds for the Haar approximation is then recovered when the product is defined by a two point Hermite interpolation.