Bifurcation and Turing pattern formation in a diffusive ratio-dependent predator–prey model with predator harvesting

The ratio-dependent predator–prey model exhibits rich dynamics due to the singularity of the origin. Harvesting in a ratio-dependent predator–prey model is relatively an important research project from both ecological and mathematical points of view. In this paper, we study the temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal dynamics of a ratio-dependent predator–prey diffusive model where the predator population harvest at catch-per-unit-effort hypothesis. For the spatially homogeneous model, we derive conditions for determining the direction of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solution by the center manifold and the normal form theory. For the reaction–diffusion model, firstly it is shown that Turing (diffusion-driven) instability occurs, which induces spatial inhomogeneous patterns. Then it is demonstrated that the model exhibit Hopf bifurcation which produces temporal inhomogeneous patterns. Finally, the existence and non-existence of positive non-constant steady-state solutions are established. Moreover, numerical simulations are performed to visualize the complex dynamic behavior.     

Novel dynamics of a predator–prey system with harvesting of the predator guided by its population

A predator–prey model was extended to include nonlinear harvesting of the predator guided by its population, such that harvesting is only implemented if the predator population exceeds an economic threshold. The proposed model is a nonsmooth dynamic system with switches between the original predator-prey model (free subsystem) and a model with nonlinear harvesting (harvesting subsystem). We initially examine the dynamics of both the free and the harvesting subsystems, and then we investigate the dynamics of the switching system using theories of nonsmooth systems. Theoretical results showed that the harvesting subsystem undergoes multiple bifurcations, including saddle-node, supercritical Hopf, Bogdanov–Takens and homoclinic bifurcations. The switching system not only retains all of the complex dynamics of the harvesting system but also exhibits much richer dynamics such as a sliding equilibrium, sliding cycle, boundary node (saddle point) bifurcation, boundary saddle-node bifurcation and buckling bifurcation. Both theoretical and numerical results showed that, by implementing predator population guided harvesting, the predator and prey population could coexist in more scenarios than those in which the predator may go extinct for the continuous harvesting regime. They could either stabilize at an equilibrium or oscillate periodically depending on the value of the economic threshold and the initial value of the system.     

Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation in a Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with prey harvesting

This paper discuss the cusp bifurcation of codimension 2 （i.e. Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation） in a Leslie~Gower predator-prey model with prey harvesting, which was not revealed by Zhu and Lan [Phase portraits, Hopf bifurcation and limit cycles of Leslie-Gower predator-prey systems with harvesting rates, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems Series B. 14（1） （2010）, 289-306]. It is shown that there are different parameter values for which the model has a limit cycle or a homoclinic loop.     

Bifurcations of a Leslie-Gower prey-predator system with ratio-dependent Holling IV functional response and prey harvesting

The dynamics of a Leslie-Gower prey-predator system with ratio-dependent Holling IV functional response and constant harvesting rate of prey are taken into account. The results developed in this article reveal far richer dynamics compared with the system without harvesting. We first make qualitative and bifurcation analysis of the system without harvesting and show that the system has a weak focus of multiplicity at most 2, at which a Hopf bifurcation occurs. However, the system with harvesting has four nonhyperbolic equilibria for some parameter values, such as two saddle-node, a cusp, and a weak focus of multiplicity at most 4, and exhibits two saddle-node bifurcations, a Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation of codimension 2, and a Hopf bifurcation. It reveals that there exist some critical harvesting values such that the species are in danger of extinction when the harvesting rate is greater than the critical values, which indicates that the dynamics of the system are sensitive to the constant prey harvesting. Moreover, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.     

Dynamics of a modified Leslie-Gower model with gestation effect and nonlinear harvesting

This study focuses on the dynamics of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model where the intake rate of prey is by per capita predator according to Crowley-Martin functional response and prey is harvested through nonlinear harvesting strategy. Further the time-delay $(\tau)$ is imposed to utilize gestation period of predations. We investigate the permanence analysis of proposed system. The local stability of non-delayed model at all possible equilibrium points is studied. It is shown that the given model undergoes Hopf bifurcation around positive equilibrium point with respect to delay parameter $\tau$. Subsequently the stability of Hopf bifurcation and its direction are explored through normal and center manifold theories. The derived theoretical results are justified with the help of numerical simulations.     

A bioeconomic differential algebraic predator–prey model with nonlinear prey harvesting

In this paper, we propose a bioeconomic differential algebraic predator–prey model with Holling type II functional response and nonlinear prey harvesting. As the nonlinear prey harvesting is introduced, the proposed model displays a complex dynamics in the predator–prey plane. Taking into account of the economic factor, our predator–prey system is established by bioeconomic differential algebraic equations. The effect of economic profit on the proposed model is analyzed by viewing it as a bifurcation parameter. By jointly using the normal form of differential algebraic models and the bifurcation theory, the stability and bifurcations (singularity induced bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation) are discussed. These results obtained here reveal richer dynamics of the bioeconomic differential algebraic predator–prey model with nonlinear prey harvesting, and suggest a guidance for harvesting in the practical word. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the results.     

自全国各地100多位理事Road Machinery Branch of China Highway and Transportation Society He

In this paper, a three dimensional ratio-dependent chemostat model with periodically pulsed input is considered. By using the discrete dynamical system determined by the stroboscopic map and Floquet theorem, an exact periodic solution with positive concentrations of substrate and predator in the absence of prey is obtained. When β is less than some critical value the boundary periodic solution (xs(t), 0, zs(t)) is locally stable, and when β is larger than the critical value there are periodic oscillations in substrate, prey and predator. Increasing the impulsive period τ, the system undergoes a series of period-doubling bifurcation leading to chaos, which implies that the dynamical behaviors of the periodically pulsed ratio-dependent predator-prey ecosystem are very complex.     

Hopf bifurcation and stability for a differential-algebraic biological economic system

In this paper, we analyze the stability and Hopf bifurcation of the biological economic system based on the new normal form and the Hopf bifurcation theorem. The basic model we consider is owed to a ratio-dependent predator-prey system with harvesting, compared with other researches on dynamics of predator-prey population, this system is described by differential-algebraic equations due to economic factor. Here μ as bifurcation parameter, it is found that periodic solutions arise from stable stationary states when the parameter μ increases close to a certain limit. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of our results.     

带有非线性收获和妊娠时滞的微分代数捕食者-食饵系统的稳定性及Hopf分支

本文研究了一类同时带有非线性食饵收获和捕食者妊娠时滞的微分代数捕食者-食饵系统的稳定性及Hopf分支问题.利用了分支理论和稳定性理论,以捕食者妊娠时滞作为系统的分支参数,获得了所提出的新系统在正平衡点处系统稳定性的相关判据条件和Hopf分支的产生条件.推广了一般带有线性收获和时滞的微分代数捕食者-食饵系统的结论.     

A stage-structured food chain model with stage dependent predation: Existence of codimension one and codimension two bifurcations

Stage-structured predator–prey models exhibit rich and interesting dynamics compared to homogeneous population models. The objective of this paper is to study the bifurcation behavior of stage-structured prey–predator models that admit stage-restricted predation. It is shown that the model with juvenile-only predation exhibits Hopf bifurcation with the growth rate of the adult prey as the bifurcation parameter; also, depending on parameter values, a stable limit cycle will emerge, that is, the bifurcation will be of supercritical nature. On the other hand, the analysis of the model with adult-stage predation shows that the system admits a fold-Hopf bifurcation with the adult growth rate and the predator mortality rate as the two bifurcation parameters. We also demonstrate the existence of a unique limit cycle arising from this codimension-2 bifurcation. These results reveal far richer dynamics compared to models without stage-structure. Numerical simulations are done to support analytical results.