A new characteristic of Möbius transformations in hyperbolic geometry

We present a new characterization of Möbius transformations by using two classes of hyperbolic geometric objects: Lambert quadrilaterals and Saccheri quadrilaterals. The proof is based on a geometric approach.     

Möbius hypersurfaces in S S+1with three distinct principal curvatures

On a hypersurface of a unit sphere without umbilical points, we know that three Möbius invariants can be defined and analogous to Euclidean case, we have the concepts of Möbius isoparametric and isotropic hypersurfaces. In this paper, we study the relationship between Euclidean geometry and Möbius geometry, and prove that a hypersurface in a sphere with constant length of the second fundamental form is Euclidean isoparametric if and only if it is Möbius isoparametric. When restricting to the case of three distinct principal curvatures, we show that such a hypersurface is either Möbius isoparametric or isotropic if the Blaschke tensor has constant eigenvalues.     

The Möbius function of separable and decomposable permutations

We give a recursive formula for the Möbius function of an interval [σ,π] in the poset of permutations ordered by pattern containment in the case where π is a decomposable permutation, that is, consists of two blocks where the first one contains all the letters 1,2,…,k for some k. This leads to many special cases of more explicit formulas. It also gives rise to a computationally efficient formula for the Möbius function in the case where σ and π are separable permutations. A permutation is separable if it can be generated from the permutation 1 by successive sums and skew sums or, equivalently, if it avoids the patterns 2413 and 3142.We also show that the Möbius function in the poset of separable permutations admits a combinatorial interpretation in terms of normal embeddings among permutations. A consequence of this interpretation is that the Möbius function of an interval [σ,π] of separable permutations is bounded by the number of occurrences of σ as a pattern in π. Another consequence is that for any separable permutation π the Möbius function of (1,π) is either 0, 1 or −1.     

Discreteness and Convergence of Möbius Groups

In this paper we show that one can use a fixed nontrivial Möbius transformation as a test map to test the discreteness of a nonelementary Möbius group. We also establish two theorems in algebraic convergence.     

Homogeneous operators on Hilbert spaces of holomorphic functions

In this paper we construct a large class of multiplication operators on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces which are homogeneous with respect to the action of the Möbius group consisting of bi-holomorphic automorphisms of the unit disc D. Indeed, this class consists of exactly those operators for which the associated unitary representation of the universal covering group of the Möbius group is multiplicity free. For every m∈N we have a family of operators depending on m+1 positive real parameters. The kernel function is calculated explicitly. It is proved that each of these operators is bounded, lies in the Cowen-Douglas class of D and is irreducible. These operators are shown to be mutually pairwise unitarily inequivalent.     

Möbius Categories as Reduced Standard Division Categories of Combinatorial Inverse Monoids

The aim of this paper is to characterize inverse monoids such that their reduced standard division categories C_F(S) are Möbius categories and special Möbius categories. We give also a general technique for the evaluation of the Möbius function of C_F(S).     

Twisted Bimodules and Hochschild Cohomology for Self-injective Algebras of Class A n , II

Up to derived equivalence, the representation-finite self-injective algebras of class A _n are divided into the wreath-like algebras (containing all Brauer tree algebras) and the Möbius algebras. In Part I (Forum Math. 11 (1999), 177–201), the ring structure of Hochschild cohomology of wreath-like algebras was determined, the key observation being that kernels in a minimal bimodule resolution of the algebras are twisted bimodules. In this paper we prove that also for Möbius algebras certain kernels in a minimal bimodule resolution carry the structure of a twisted bimodule. As an application we obtain detailed information on subrings of the Hochschild cohomology rings of Möbius algebras.     

A characterization of Möbius transformations by use of hyperbolic regular polygons

In this paper we present a new characterization of Möbius transformations by use of hyperbolic regular polygons.     

Lambert or Saccheri quadrilaterals as single primitive notions for plane hyperbolic geometry

With the aim of revealing their purely geometric nature, we rephrase two theorems of S. Yang and A. Fang [S. Yang, A. Fang, A new characteristic of Möbius transformations in hyperbolic geometry, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 319 (2006) 660-664] characterizing Möbius transformations as definability results in elementary plane hyperbolic geometry. We show not only that elementary plane hyperbolic geometry can be axiomatized in terms of the quaternary predicates λ or σ, with λ(abcd) to be read as ‘abcd is a Lambert quadrilateral’ and σ(abcd) to be read as ‘abcd is a Saccheri quadrilateral’, but also that all elementary notions of hyperbolic geometry can be positively defined (i.e. by using only quantifiers (∀ and ∃) and the connectives ∨ and ∧ in the definiens) in terms of λ or σ.     

Laguerre and Minkowski planes with neighbor relation

In [7] we have introduced the notion of a Möbius plane with neighbor relation as a generalization of ordinary Möbius planes. In this paper we present two other classes of circle geometries which are locally affine Klingenberg planes: Laguerre and Minkowski planes with neighbor relation.Research supported by IWONL grant no-840037     

Characteristic for reflexive relations

Poincaré characteristic for reflexive relations (oriented graphs) is defined in terms of homology and is not invariant under transitive closure. Formulas for the Poincaré characteristic of products, joins, and bounded products are given. Euler's definition of characteristic extends to certain filtrations of reflexive relations which exist iff there are no oriented loops. Euler characteristic is independent of filtration, agrees with Poincaré characteristic, and is unique. One-sided Möbius characteristic is defined as the sum of all values of a one-sided inverse of the zeta function. Such one-sided inverses exist iff there are no local oriented loops (although there may be global oriented loops). One-sided Möbius characteristic need not be Poincaré characteristic, but it is when a one-sided local transitivity condition is satisfied. A two-sided local transitivity condition insures the existence of the Möbius function but Möbius inversion fails for non-posets.     

Topological structure of integral manifolds and period-doubling bifurcation

We investigate the topological structure of integral manifolds near a closed orbit of an autonomous differential system. We prove that under some circumstances these manifolds are homeomorphic to a Möbius strip. It is shown that the appearance of a period-doubling bifurcation in systems depending on a parameter is intimately connected with the occurence of a center manifold homeomorphic to a Möbius strip. Finally we demonstate that the period-doubling bifurcation can be treated as Hopf bifurcation on a Möbius strip.

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Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchen die topologische Struktur von Integralmannigfaltigkeiten in der Nähe einer geschlossenen Lösungskurve eines autonomen Differentialgleichungssystems. Wir beweisen, daß unter gewissen Umständen diese Mannigfaltigkeiten homöomorph zu einem Möbius-Band sind. Es wird gezeigt, daß das Auftreten einer Periodenverdopplungsbifurkation in parameterabhängigen Systemen eng mit der Existenz einer Zentrumsmannigfaltigkeit verknüpft ist, die homöomorph zu einem Möbius-Band ist. Abschließend demonstrieren wir, daß die Periodenverdopplungsbifurkation als Hopf-Bifurkation auf einem Möbius-Band behandelt werden kann.

     

Semigroups in Möbius and Lorentzian Geometry

The Möbius semigroup studied in this paper arises very naturally geometrically as the (compression) subsemigroup of the group of Möbius transformations which carry some fixed open Möbius ball into itself. It is shown, using geometric arguments, that this semigroup is a maximal subsemigroup. A detailed analysis of the semigroup is carried out via the Lorentz representation, in which the semigroup resurfaces as the semigroup carrying a fixed half of a Lorentzian cone into itself. Close ties with the Lie theory of semigroups are established by showing that the semigroup in question admits the structure of an Ol'shanskii semigroup, the most widely studied class of Lie semigroups.     

Deformation of hypersurfaces preserving the Möbius metric and a reduction theorem

A hypersurface without umbilics in the (n+1)$(n+1)$-dimensional Euclidean space f:Mⁿ→Rⁿ⁺¹$f:M^n\to R^{n+1}$ is known to be determined by the Möbius metric g and the Möbius second fundamental form B   up to a Möbius transformation when n?3$n?3$. In this paper we consider Möbius rigidity for hypersurfaces and deformations of a hypersurface preserving the Möbius metric in the high dimensional case n?4$n?4$. When the highest multiplicity of principal curvatures is less than n−2$n-2$, the hypersurface is Möbius rigid. When the multiplicities of all principal curvatures are constant, deformable hypersurfaces and the possible deformations are also classified completely. In addition, we establish a reduction theorem characterizing the classical construction of cylinders, cones, and rotational hypersurfaces, which helps to find all the non-trivial deformable examples in our classification with wider application in the future.     

Möbius functions and semigroup representation theory

This paper explores several applications of Möbius functions to the representation theory of finite semigroups. We extend Solomon's approach to the semigroup algebra of a finite semilattice via Möbius functions to arbitrary finite inverse semigroups. This allows us to explicitly calculate the orthogonal central idempotents decomposing an inverse semigroup algebra into a direct product of matrix algebras over group rings. We also extend work of Bidigare, Hanlon, Rockmore and Brown on calculating eigenvalues of random walks associated to certain classes of finite semigroups; again Möbius functions play an important role.     

Möbius inversion formulas for flows of arithmetic semigroups

We define a convolution-like operator which transforms functions on a space X via functions on an arithmetical semigroup S, when there is an action or flow of S on X. This operator includes the well-known classical Möbius transforms and associated inversion formulas as special cases. It is defined in a sufficiently general context so as to emphasize the universal and functorial aspects of arithmetical Möbius inversion. We give general analytic conditions guaranteeing the existence of the transform and the validity of the corresponding inversion formulas, in terms of operators on certain function spaces. A number of examples are studied that illustrate the advantages of the convolutional point of view for obtaining new inversion formulas.     

Flat Circle Planes as Integrals of Flat Affine Planes

In a previous article (Arch. Math. {64} (1995), 75–85) we showed that flat Laguerre planes can be constructed by'integrating' flat affine planes. It turns out that'most' of the known flat Laguerre planes arise in this manner. In this paper we show that similar constructions are also possible in the case of the other two kinds of flat circle planes, that is, the flat Möbius planes and the flat Minkowski planes. In particular, we show that many of the known flat Möbius planes can be constructed by integrating a closed strip taken from a flat affine plane. We also show how flat Minkowski planes arise as integrals of two flat affine planes. All known flat Minkowski planes can be constructed in this manner.     

A new characteristic of Möbius transformations by use of Apollonius quadrilaterals

The purpose of this paper is to give a new invariant characteristic property of Möbius transformations from the standpoint of conformal mapping. To this end a new concept of ``Apollonius quadrilaterals' is used.

     

On the properties of sphere-preserving maps

In this paper we give a discussion of sphere-preserving maps of Hilbert spaces, and their relationship to Möbius transformations and to the preservation of cross-ratios.     

A new characterization of Möbius transformations by use of Apollonius hexagons

The purpose of this paper is to give a new characterization of Möbius transformations from the standpoint of conformal mappings. To this end a new concept of Apollonius hexagons on the complex plane is used.