Finite groups with given σ-embedded and σ-n-embedded subgroups

Let G be a finite group and σ = {σ _i |i∈I} be a partition of the set of all primes P. A set H of subgroups of G is said to be a complete Hall σ-set of G if every non-identity member of H is a Hall σ _i -subgroup of G and H contains exactly one Hall σ _i -subgroup of G for every σ _i ∈ σ(G). A subgroup H is said to be σ-permutable if G possesses a complete Hall σ-set H such that HA ^x = A ^x H for all A ∈ H and all x ∈ G. Let H be a subgroup of G. Then we say that: (1) H is σ-embedded in G if there exists a σ-permutable subgroup T of G such that HT = H ^σG and H ∩ T ≤ H _σG , where H _σG is the subgroup of H generated by all those subgroups of H which are σ-permutable in G, and H ^σG is the σ-permutable closure of H, that is, the intersection of all σ-permutable subgroups of G containing H. (2) H is σ-n-embedded in G if there exists a normal subgroup T of G such that HT = H ^G and H ∩ T ≤ H _σG . In this paper, we study the properties of the new embedding subgroups and use them to determine the structure of finite groups.     

Finite groups with <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>-quasinormal subgroups

Consider some finite group G and a finite subgroup H of G. Say that H is c-quasinormal in G if G has a quasinormal subgroup T such that HT = G and T ∩ H is quasinormal in G. Given a noncyclic Sylow subgroup P of G, we fix some subgroup D such that 1 < |D| < | P| and study the structure of G under the assumption that all subgroups H of P of the same order as D, having no supersolvable supplement in G, are c-quasinormal in G.     

Properly discontinuous group actions on affine homogeneous spaces

Let G be a real algebraic group, H ≤ G an algebraic subgroup containing a maximal reductive subgroup of G, and Γ a subgroup of G acting on G/H by left translations. We conjecture that Γ is virtually solvable provided its action on G/H is properly discontinuous and ΓG/H is compact, and we confirm this conjecture when G does not contain simple algebraic subgroups of rank ≥2. If the action of Γ on G/H (which is isomorphic to an affine linear space Aⁿ) is linear, our conjecture coincides with the Auslander conjecture. We prove the Auslander conjecture for n ≤ 5.     

On Dominions of the Rationals in Nilpotent Groups

The dominion of a subgroup H of a group G in a class M is the set of all a ∈ G that have the same images under every pair of homomorphisms, coinciding on H from G to a group in M. A group H is n-closed in M if for every group G = gr(H, a₁,..., a_n) in M that includes H and is generated modulo H by some n elements, the dominion of H in G (in M) is equal to H. We prove that the additive group of the rationals is 2-closed in every quasivariety of torsion-free nilpotent groups of class at most 3.     

On weakly <Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>Φ-supplemented subgroups of finite groups

Let G be a finite group. We say that a subgroup H of G is weakly SΦ-supplemented in G if G has a subgroup T such that G = HT and H∩T ≤ Φ(H)H_sG, where H_sG is the subgroup of H generated by all those subgroups of H that are s-permutable in G. In this paper, we investigate the influence of weakly SΦ-supplemented subgroups on the structure of finite groups. Some new characterizations of p-nilpotency and supersolubility of finite groups are obtained.     

Finite Groups with Given Weakly <Emphasis Type="Italic">σ</Emphasis>-Permutable Subgroups

Let G be a finite group and let σ = {σ _i | i ∈ I} be a partition of the set of all primes P. A set ? of subgroups of G is said to be a complete Hall σ-set of G if each nonidentity member of ? is a Hall σ _i -subgroup of G and ? has exactly one Hall σ _i -subgroup of G for every σ _i ∈ σ(G). A subgroup H of G is said to be σ-permutable in G if G possesses a complete Hall σ-set ? such that HA ^x = A ^x H for all A ∈ ? and all x ∈ G. A subgroup H of G is said to be weakly σ-permutable in G if there exists a σ-subnormal subgroup T of G such that G = HT and H ∩ T ≤ H _σG , where H _σG is the subgroup of H generated by all those subgroups of H which are σ-permutable in G. We study the structure of G under the condition that some given subgroups of G are weakly σ-permutable in G. In particular, we give the conditions under which a normal subgroup of G is hypercyclically embedded. Some available results are generalized.     

Classification of finite groups satisfying a minimal condition

If H is a subgroup of a finite group G then we denote the normal closure of H in G by H ^G . We call G a PE-group if every minimal subgroup X of G satisfies N ^G (X) ∩ X ^G = X. The authors classify the finite non-PE-groups whose maximal subgroups of even order are PE-groups.     

Products of F*(<Emphasis Type="Italic">G</Emphasis>)-subnormal subgroups of finite groups

A subgroup H of a finite group G is called F*(G)-subnormal if H is subnormal in HF*(G). We show that if a group Gis a product of two F*(G)-subnormal quasinilpotent subgroups, then G is quasinilpotent. We also study groups G = AB, where A is a nilpotent F*(G)-subnormal subgroup and B is a F*(G)-subnormal supersoluble subgroup. Particularly, we show that such groups G are soluble.     

Finite <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-groups with a class of complemented normal subgroups

Assume G is a finite group and H a subgroup of G. If there exists a subgroup K of G such that G = HK and H ∩ K = 1, then K is said to be a complement to H in G. A finite p-group G is called an NC-group if all its proper normal subgroups not contained in Φ(G) have complements. In this paper, some properties of NC-groups are investigated and some classes of NC-groups are classified.     

Stability of Discontinuous Groups Acting on Homogeneous Spaces

Suppose given a nilpotent connected simply connected Lie group G, a connected Lie subgroup H of G, and a discontinuous group Γ for the homogeneous space M = G/H. In this work we study the topological stability of the parameter space R(Γ,G,H) in the case where G is three-step. We prove a stability theorem for certain particular pairs (Γ,H). We also introduce the notion of strong stability on layers making use of an explicit layering of Hom(Γ,G) and study the case of Heisenberg groups.     

Every 2-group with all subgroups normal-by-finite is locally finite

A group G has all of its subgroups normal-by-finite if H/H _G is finite for all subgroups H of G. The Tarski-groups provide examples of p-groups (p a “large” prime) of nonlocally finite groups in which every subgroup is normal-by-finite. The aim of this paper is to prove that a 2-group with every subgroup normal-by-finite is locally finite. We also prove that if |H/H _G | 6 2 for every subgroup H of G, then G contains an Abelian subgroup of index at most 8.     

A condition for the solvability of finite groups

A subgroup H is called ?-supplemented in a finite group G, if there exists a subgroup B of G such that G = HB and H ₁ B is a proper subgroup of G for every maximal subgroup H ₁ of H. We investigate the influence of ?-supplementation of Sylow subgroups and obtain a condition for solvability and p-supersolvability of finite groups.     

Finite 2-groups whose length of chain of nonnormal subgroups is at most 2

Assume that G is a finite non-Dedekind p-group. D. S. Passman introduced the following concept: we say that H₁ < H₂ < ? < H_k is a chain of nonnormal subgroups of G if each H_i ? G and if |H_i : H_i?1| = p for i = 2, 3,…, k. k is called the length of the chain. chn(G) denotes the maximum of the lengths of the chains of nonnormal subgroups of G. In this paper, finite 2-groups G with chn(G) ? 2 are completely classified up to isomorphism.     

On an open problem of Guo-Skiba

Let G be a finite group, and let A be a proper subgroup of G. Then any chief factor H/A _G of G is called a G-boundary factor of A. For any Gboundary factor H/A _G of A, the subgroup (A ∩ H)/A _G of G/ A _G is called a G-trace of A. In this paper, we prove that G is p-soluble if and only if every maximal chain of G of length 2 contains a proper subgroup M of G such that either some G-trace of M is subnormal or every G-boundary factor of M is a p′-group. This result give a positive answer to a recent open problem of Guo and Skiba. We also give some new characterizations of p-hypercyclically embedded subgroups.     

On control of the prime spectrum of a finite simple group

The set π(G) of all prime divisors of the order of a finite group G is often called its prime spectrum. It is proved that every finite simple nonabelian group G has sections H ₁, …, H _m of some special form such that π(H ₁)∪…∪π(H _m ) = π(G) and m ≤ 5. Moreover, m ≤ 2 if G is an alternating or classical simple group. In all cases, it is possible to choose the sections H _i so that each of them is a simple nonabelian group, a Frobenius group, or (in one case) a dihedral group. If the above equality holds for a finite group G, then we say that the set {H ₁,…,H _m } controls the prime spectrum of G. We also study some parameter c(G) of finite groups G related to the notion of control.     

Supersolubility of a Finite Group with Normally Embedded Maximal Subgroups in Sylow Subgroups

Let P be a subgroup of a Sylow subgroup of a finite group G. If P is a Sylow subgroup of some normal subgroup of G then P is called normally embedded in G. We establish tests for a finite group G to be p-supersoluble provided that every maximal subgroup of a Sylow p-subgroup of X is normally embedded in G. We study the cases when X is a normal subgroup of G, X = O_p',p(H), and X = F*(H) where H is a normal subgroup of G.     

Extendability of Contractible Configurations for Nowhere-Zero Flows and Modulo Orientations

Let H be a connected graph and G be a supergraph of H. It is trivial that for any k-flow (D, f) of G, the restriction of (D, f) on the edge subset E(G / H) is a k-flow of the contracted graph G / H. However, the other direction of the question is neither trivial nor straightforward at all: for any k-flow \((D',f')\) of the contracted graph G / H, whether or not the supergraph G admits a k-flow (D, f) that is consistent with \((D',f')\) in the edge subset E(G / H). In this paper, we will investigate contractible configurations and their extendability for integer flows, group flows, and modulo orientations. We show that no integer flow contractible graphs are extension consistent while some group flow contractible graphs are also extension consistent. We also show that every modulo \((2k+1)\)-orientation contractible configuration is also extension consistent and there are no modulo (2k)-orientation contractible graphs.     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">ss</Emphasis>-quasinormal or weakly <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>-permutably embedded subgroups of finite groups

Suppose that G is a finite group and H is a subgroup of G. H is said to be an ss-quasinormal subgroup of G if there is a subgroup B of G such that \(G=HB\) and H permutes with every Sylow subgroup of B; H is said to be weakly s-permutably embedded in G if there are a subnormal subgroup T of G and an s-permutably embedded subgroup \(H_{se}\) of G contained in H such that \(G=HT\) and \(H\cap T\le H_{se}\). We fix in every non-cyclic Sylow subgroup P of G some subgroup D satisfying \(1<|D|<|P|\) and study the structure of G under the assumption that every subgroup H of P with \(|H|=|D|\) is either ss-quasinormal or weakly s-permutably embedded in G. Some recent results are generalized and unified.     

The influence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>-semipermutable subgroups on the structure of finite groups

A subgroup H of a group G is called s-semipermutable in G if H is permutable with every Sylow p-subgroup of G with (p, |H|) = 1. In this paper, we use s-semipermutable subgroups to determine the structure of finite groups. Some of the previous results are generalized.     

Finite groups in which Sylow normalizers have nilpotent Hall supplements

The normalizer of each Sylow subgroup of a finite group G has a nilpotent Hall supplement in G if and only if G is soluble and every tri-primary Hall subgroup H (if exists) of G satisfies either of the following two statements: (i) H has a nilpotent bi-primary Hall subgroup; (ii) Let π(H) = {p, q, r}. Then there exist Sylow p-, q-, r-subgroups H _p , H _q , and H _r of H such that H _q ? N _H (H _p ), H _r ? N _H (H _q ), and H _p ? N _H (H _r ).