灰色模糊聚类方法在科技型企业创新绩效评价的应用

使用灰色模糊聚类方法评价科技型企业的绩效水平及影响因素,首先构建了科技型企业创新绩效的评价指标体系;其次针对指标的模糊性和灰色性并存的特点,综合灰色理论与模糊数学理论,建立了科技型企业创新绩效的多级灰色模糊综合评价模型;最后以13家科技型企业为样本数据,系统分析了各指标因素对科技型企业绩效的潜在影响关系,针对企业的特点提出了相关建议.研究将为政府和企业相关部门制定经营决策者提供参考依据具有一定的科学意义.     

知识管理视角下新创科技型小企业突破性技术创新能力评价指标体系构建及测度

突破性技术创新能力评价指标体系构建及测度是新创科技型小企业把握创新能力现状和制定提升策略的重要依据。根据新创科技型小企业突破性技术创新的过程及特点,将突破性技术创新能力划分为模糊前端创意生成能力、研究开发能力、中试生产能力、商业化能力和新技术标准推广能力。从知识管理视角构建了包含5个一级指标和27个二级指标的突破性技术创新能力评价指标体系,该指标体系既包含一般意义的技术创新能力指标,也包含凸显突破性技术创新“突破性”特点的指标和反映新创科技型小企业技术创新“开放性”特点的指标。利用比AHP更具优势的模糊一致偏好关系确定指标权重,构建了基于效用理论和云理论的能实现定性指标和定量指标有效结合的综合云评价模型。最后以实例详细阐述了突破性技术创新能力评价的流程,验证了该评价方法具有一定的科学性和可行性。     

科技型中小企业技术创新基金的价值测度实证研究

科技型中小企业技术创新基金的价值如何测度和实现价值最大化是政府和企业迫切需要解决的问题.基于波特的价值链模型以及科技型中小企业的特点,分析了科技型中小企业的价值链,并以价值链和利益相关者作为理论基础分析了创新基金的作用机理,得出创新基金的价值体现为资金杠杆、社会资本杠杆和带动效应,通过对每种价值进行细化形成完整的国家创新基金的价值测度指标体系,同时结合115份有效的调查问卷,对国家创新基金的价值测度进行实证研究,为有关政府部门制定政策和科技型中小企业实施创新基金项目提供了理论指导.     

大数据背景下科技型中小企业创新能力影响研究——基于模糊综合评价法模型

科技创新是一个国家的综合竞争力,而大数据技术的全面普及将为科技创新能力的提升创造一个良好的契机.在科技创新理论综述的基础上,系统梳理大数据平台的最新成果和应用技术,深入分析基于大数据的科技创新能力影响内在机理,运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价方法验证了大数据技术的应用能对科技型中小企业的科技创新能力将产生深远影响,并据此提出建议,为提升企业综合科技创新能力提供理论依据.     

模糊层次评价在高职学生职业能力评价中的应用

职业能力可根据系统组成原理划分成职业特定技能、行业通用技能和核心技能三个层次.运用层次分析法建立层次结构模型,构建比较矩阵,计算出因素权重并做一致性检验.运用模糊评价方法确定影响因素的模糊判断矩阵,就可逆向确定各层次组成因素的得分,为高职学生职业能力层次和影响因素的判断提供了依据.对职业能力按层次进行模糊评价分析,为高职学生职业能力评价提供了新的方法.     

供应链融资模式下中小企业信用风险评估研究——基于左右得分的模糊TOPSIS算法

中小企业信用风险评价是供应链融资实现的关键。本文在对已进行的研究总结的基础上,建立了一套比较完整的评价指标体系,然后运用DEA、AHP和基于左右得分的模糊TOPSIS相结合的评价方法对中小企业在供应链融资中的信用风险进行评价。最后,将方法成功应用到具体实例,结果表明将AHP方法和左右得分模糊TOPSIS结合应用到多层次指标评价问题是合理、可行的,能够为供应链融资信用风险评估提供决策依据。     

基于直觉模糊网络分析法和二元语义的文化创意企业价值评估方法

在股权转让、抵押贷款、上市、兼并与重组时,准确的评估企业价值有助于管理者和投资者作出正确有效的决策。根据文化创意企业的特点,提出从财务和非财务两方面对文化创意企业的价值进行评估。财务方面采用贴现现金流法进行估计。非财务方面,从企业的经营性、创意性、成长性和带动性四个方面选取指标,构建具有相互作用和反馈关系的网络指标体系。为更好地表达不确定条件下专家或决策者的意见,引入直觉模糊偏好关系建立判断矩阵。结合二元语义综合评价方法得到非财务因素对企业价值的影响。最后以上市公司中南传媒为例说明如何应用本文提出的方法。     

基于非凸惩罚的SVM模型对科技型中小企业信用风险评估

以科技型中小企业为研究对象,从企业的盈利能力、成长能力、运营能力、偿债能力、供应链因素五方面选取了17个影响因素,运用带有非凸惩罚的SVM模型(SCAD SVM)模型对影响中小企业的信用风险因素进行研究,并选用LassoSVM和SVM作为对比,进行变量选择和参数估计,最后对模型的准确率进行预测,得出结论:Lasso SVM方法倾向于留下一些不太重要的变量,而SCAD SVM方法通过将系数大的变量保留,系数小的直接减小为0的方式,可以选择出重要的变量,通过预测精度验证发现,SCAD SVM方法比Lasso SVM和SVM的预测精度更高.     

基于三阶段DEA的独角兽上市企业创新效率评价

以中国64家独角兽上市企业为样本,采用三阶段DEA模型对独角兽企业的创新效率进行有效测算。结果表明,企业规模、成立年限、政府补贴、研发人员素质、外商直接投资和地区经济发展水平的提高有助于企业创新效率的提升,而产权性质、股权集中度则制约了企业创新效率的改进;清除环境影响和统计噪声后,多数企业的创新效率与纯技术效率上升,但仍处于较低水平。本文的实证结果有助于进一步提升独角兽企业的创新效率,也为独角兽企业后续的研究提供新的视角。     

3PLS物流设施网络评价的模糊数据包络方法

3PLS物流设施布局直接关系到企业的战略和运作两个层面,对若干初始方案进行评价是保证物流设施布局方案有效性的前提.针对物流设施布局方案评价问题的同质性和模糊性特征,利用三角模糊数表示评价过程中的模糊不确定因素,并提出基于模糊数据包络方法的方案评价框架.通过对算例的评价应用,说明了方法的合理性和有效性.     

Support vector machines for default prediction of SMEs based on technology credit

In Korea, many forms of credit guarantees have been issued to fund small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with a high degree of growth potential in technology. However, a high default rate among funded SMEs has been reported. In order to effectively manage such governmental funds, it is important to develop an accurate scoring model for selecting promising SMEs. This paper provides a support vector machines (SVM) model to predict the default of funded SMEs, considering various input variables such as financial ratios, economic indicators, and technology evaluation factors. The results show that the accuracy performance of the SVM model is better than that of back-propagation neural networks (BPNs) and logistic regression. It is expected that the proposed model can be applied to a wide range of technology evaluation and loan or investment decisions for technology-based SMEs.     

零售连锁超市经营绩效影响因素的模糊聚类分析——以山西省太原地区为例

运营绩效既反映零售连锁超市现实竞争力,更影响企业长远发展,因此识别影响零售连锁超市经营绩效的关键因素具有重要意义.在调研访谈基础上从企业运营角度构建了零售连锁超市绩效影响因素集,使用模糊聚类分析工具,实现了对这些影响因素的主从排序,找到了影响零售连锁超市日常运营绩效的核心因素,并对这些因素进行了针对性分析.最后以山西太原地区为例进行了实例研究.     

Lean principles,practices, and impacts: a study on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

Lean as a business strategy is used to improve quality and service, eliminate waste, reduce time and costs, and enhance overall organizational effectiveness. Heightening challenges in competition in recent years have prompted many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt lean to enhance firms’ competitiveness. This paper attempts to present an all-inclusive study and it examines various factors associated with the implementation of lean in SMEs in the U.S. The findings suggest that most of SMEs have a relatively accurate understanding of lean concept and philosophy. The primary reasons to implement lean are mainly internal, including reduce cost, improve profit margin, improve utilization of plant/facility, and maintain competitive position. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to investigate lean status. It was discovered that both advanced adopters and beginners of lean are discovered. ANOVA test results show that there exist quite significant differences in terms of the degrees of lean implementation in SMEs. Varied lean tools and programs have been applied and they are positively related with firms’ performance. Lastly, the paper provides evidences that major lean barriers are encountered by SMEs regarding management or people related factors as well as key knowledge and know-how.     

基于博弈视角的中小型供应商联盟决策研究

在绿色供应链管理背景下,中小型供应商在供应链中处于相对弱势的地位,往往在强势的供应链核心企业面前失去定价权;此外,由于其在经济和技术上的双重困难,中小型供应商的生产活动所造成的环境污染日益严重。供应链联盟作为一种新型的企业合作模式,是解决中小型供应商发展问题的有效途径。本文试图构建绿色供应链下的中小型供应商战略联盟博弈模型,并从博弈角度探讨中小型供应商联盟的必要性、可行性以及联盟的最优决策策略,以期探索中小型供应商依托供应链联盟而形成的发展模式。研究结果显示,中小型供应商联盟有利于整体供应链的绿色发展,提升中小型供应商在供应链中的地位。本研究结论能够为绿色供应链中的各方企业提供决策建议。     

Random effects logistic regression model for default prediction of technology credit guarantee fund

Korean government has been funding the small and medium enterprises (SME) with superior technology based on scorecard. However high default rate of funded SMEs has been reported. In order to effectively manage such governmental fund, it is important to develop accurate scoring model for SMEs. In this paper, we provide a random effects logistic regression model to predict the default of funded SMEs based on both financial and non-financial factors. Advantage of such a random effects model lies in the ability of accommodating not only the individual characteristics of each SME but also the uncertainty that cannot be explained by such individual factors. It is expected that our study can contribute to effective management of government funds by proposing the prediction models for defaults of funded SMEs.     

The effects of top management team composition on SME export performance: an upper echelons perspective

Survival of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) increasingly depends on their ability to exploit opportunities in foreign markets. Given their limited resources, exporting is one of the most viable modes of entry into foreign markets for SMEs. The present study is an attempt to contribute to the research that identifies the factors associated with SME export performance. Specifically, the association between top management team demographic composition and SME export performance was examined in an emerging market context and drawing from upper echelons perspective. Focusing on such commonly examined upper echelons attributes as age, education level, and tenure, the present research assessed whether top management team composition distinguished between SMEs in terms of their export levels. Data were collected from 128 SMEs operating in Ankara and Bursa regions of Turkey. Results obtained by a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that SMEs with lower mean industry tenure and higher age separation diversity had higher levels of export performance.     

Implementation of Lean Six Sigma in small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in the Netherlands

In this paper we provide an exploration and analysis of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation in Dutch manufacturing/engineering small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Critical success factors (CSFs) and impeding factors are identified and analysed. Exploratory empirical evidence about LSS implementation in Dutch SMEs was collected from a survey study on Dutch SMEs. Statistical testing was applied to validate the ranking of the CSFs. To deepen insight in how organizations translate CSFs into practice and cope with impeding factors, additional in-depth qualitative information was gathered from six case studies. Linking to customer, vision and plan statement, communication and management involvement and participation are the highest ranked CSFs. Internal resistance, the availability of resources, changing business focus and lack of leadership are the strongest impeding factors. The case studies confirmed the importance of the CSFs and revealed three new CSFs: personal LSS-experience of Top management, development of the project leader's soft skills and supply chain focus. SMEs in the Netherlands make no distinct separation between lean manufacturing and Six Sigma, but rather apply both approaches intertwined.     

建立我国中小企业技术创新管理服务体系的设想

中小型企业是推动我国经济快速发展的重要力量，与大型企业相比，他们有着更为强烈的技术创新意识，同时也面临着更大的技术创新风险和困难。文章在阐述现阶段中小企业技术创新面临问题的基础上，提出了建立中小企业技术创新管理服务体系的设想，旨在能为改革中小企业技术创新宏观环境提供参考