On some inequalities for Doob decompositions in Banach function spaces

Let ${\Phi : \mathbb{R} \to [0, \infty)}Let F: \mathbbR ? [0, ￥){\Phi : \mathbb{R} \to [0, \infty)} be a Young function and let f = (f_n)_n ? \mathbbZ₊{f = (f_n)_n\in\mathbb{Z}_{+}} be a martingale such that F(f_n) ? L₁{\Phi(f_n) \in L_1} for all n ? \mathbbZ₊{n \in \mathbb{Z}_{+}} . Then the process F(f) = (F(f_n))_n ? \mathbbZ₊{\Phi(f) = (\Phi(f_n))_n\in\mathbb{Z}_{+}} can be uniquely decomposed as F(f_n)=g_n+h_n{\Phi(f_n)=g_n+h_n} , where g=(g_n)_n ? \mathbbZ₊{g=(g_n)_n\in\mathbb{Z}_{+}} is a martingale and h=(h_n)_n ? \mathbbZ₊{h=(h_n)_n\in\mathbb{Z}_{+}} is a predictable nondecreasing process such that h ₀ = 0 almost surely. The main results characterize those Banach function spaces X such that the inequality ||h_￥||_X ￡ C ||F(Mf) ||_X{\|{h_{\infty}}\|_{X} \leq C \|{\Phi(Mf)} \|_X} is valid, and those X such that the inequality ||h_￥||_X ￡ C ||F(Sf) ||_X{\|{h_{\infty}}\|_{X} \leq C \|{\Phi(Sf)} \|_X} is valid, where Mf and Sf denote the maximal function and the square function of f, respectively.     

Composition Followed by Differentiation Between H ∞ and Zygmund Spaces

Let j{\varphi} be an analytic self-map of the unit disk \mathbbD{\mathbb{D}}, H(\mathbbD){H(\mathbb{D})} the space of analytic functions on \mathbbD{\mathbb{D}} and g ? H(\mathbbD){g \in H(\mathbb{D})}. The boundedness and compactness of the operator DC_j : H^￥ ? Z{DC_\varphi : H^\infty \rightarrow { \mathcal Z}} are investigated in this paper.     

$${\mathbb{Z}_2\mathbb{Z}_4}$$-linear codes: rank and kernel

A code C{{\mathcal C}} is \mathbbZ₂\mathbbZ₄{{\mathbb{Z}_2\mathbb{Z}_4}}-additive if the set of coordinates can be partitioned into two subsets X and Y such that the punctured code of C{{\mathcal C}} by deleting the coordinates outside X (respectively, Y) is a binary linear code (respectively, a quaternary linear code). The corresponding binary codes of \mathbbZ₂\mathbbZ₄{{\mathbb{Z}_2\mathbb{Z}_4}}-additive codes under an extended Gray map are called \mathbbZ₂\mathbbZ₄{{\mathbb{Z}_2\mathbb{Z}_4}}-linear codes. In this paper, the invariants for \mathbbZ₂\mathbbZ₄{{\mathbb{Z}_2\mathbb{Z}_4}}-linear codes, the rank and dimension of the kernel, are studied. Specifically, given the algebraic parameters of \mathbbZ₂\mathbbZ₄{{\mathbb{Z}_2\mathbb{Z}_4}}-linear codes, the possible values of these two invariants, giving lower and upper bounds, are established. For each possible rank r between these bounds, the construction of a \mathbbZ₂\mathbbZ₄{{\mathbb{Z}_2\mathbb{Z}_4}}-linear code with rank r is given. Equivalently, for each possible dimension of the kernel k, the construction of a \mathbbZ₂\mathbbZ₄{{\mathbb{Z}_2\mathbb{Z}_4}}-linear code with dimension of the kernel k is given. Finally, the bounds on the rank, once the kernel dimension is fixed, are established and the construction of a \mathbbZ₂\mathbbZ₄{{\mathbb{Z}_2\mathbb{Z}_4}}-linear code for each possible pair (r, k) is given.     

Triple Hilbert Transforms Along Polynomial Surfaces

Given W ì \mathbbZ₊³\Omega \subset {\mathbb{Z}}_{+}^{3}, we discuss a necessary and sufficient condition that the triple Hilbert transform associated with any polynomial of the form ($t_1, t_2, t_3,\sum_{m \in \Omega} a_{m} t^m$t_1, t_2, t_3,\sum_{m \in \Omega} a_{m} t^m) is bounded in L^p(\mathbbR⁴)L^p({\mathbb{R}}^4).     

A New Class of Inner Functions Uniformly Approximable by Interpolating Blaschke Products

We study the class of inner functions Q{\Theta} whose zero set Z(Q){Z(\Theta)} stays hyperbolically close to [`(Z_\mathbbD(Q))]{\overline{Z_\mathbb{D}(\Theta)}} on the corona of H ^∞ and show that these functions are uniformly approximable by interpolating Blaschke products.     

On Representations of Integers in Thin Subgroups of {{\rm SL}_2({\mathbb {Z}})}

Let ${\Gamma < {\rm SL}(2, {\mathbb Z})}Let G < SL(2, \mathbb Z){\Gamma < {\rm SL}(2, {\mathbb Z})} be a free, finitely generated Fuchsian group of the second kind with no parabolics, and fix two primitive vectors v₀, w₀ ? \mathbb Z²  \  {0}{v_{0}, w_{0} \in \mathbb {Z}^{2} \, {\backslash} \, \{0\}}. We consider the set S{\mathcal {S}} of all integers occurring in áv₀g, w₀?{\langle v_{0}\gamma, w_{0}\rangle}, for g ? G{\gamma \in \Gamma} and the usual inner product on \mathbb R²{\mathbb {R}^2}. Assume that the critical exponent δ of Γ exceeds 0.99995, so that Γ is thin but not too thin. Using a variant of the circle method, new bilinear forms estimates and Gamburd’s 5/6-th spectral gap in infinite-volume, we show that S{\mathcal {S}} contains almost all of its admissible primes, that is, those not excluded by local (congruence) obstructions. Moreover, we show that the exceptional set \mathfrak E(N){\mathfrak {E}(N)} of integers |n| < N which are locally admissible (n ? S   (mod  q)   for all   q 3 1){(n \in \mathcal {S} \, \, ({\rm mod} \, q) \, \, {\rm for\,all} \,\, q \geq 1)} but fail to be globally represented, n ? S{n \notin \mathcal {S}}, has a power savings, |\mathfrak E(N)| << N^1-e₀{|\mathfrak {E}(N)| \ll N^{1-\varepsilon_{0}}} for some ${\varepsilon_{0} > 0}${\varepsilon_{0} > 0}, as N → ∞.     

Singular oscillatory integrals on {\mathbb{R}^n}

Let ${\mathcal{P}_{d,n}}Let P_d,n{\mathcal{P}_{d,n}} denote the space of all real polynomials of degree at most d on \mathbbRⁿ{\mathbb{R}^n} . We prove a new estimate for the logarithmic measure of the sublevel set of a polynomial P ? P_d,1{P\in \mathcal{P}_{d,1}} . Using this estimate, we prove that

supP ? Pd,n| p.v.ò\mathbbRneiP(x)\fracW(x/|x|)|x|ndx| ￡ c log d (||W||L logL(Sn-1)+1),\mathop{\rm sup}\limits_ {P \in \mathcal{P}_{d,n}}\left| p.v.\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}{e^{iP(x)}}{\frac{\Omega(x/|x|)}{|x|^n}dx}\right | \leq c\,{\rm log}\,d\,(||\Omega||_L \log L(S^{n-1})+1),      8. Counting Ω-ideals      Igor V. Protasov 《Algebra Universalis》2009,62(4):339-343 Let ${\mathbb{A}}Let \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} be a universal algebra of signature Ω, and let I{\mathcal{I}} be an ideal in the Boolean algebra P\mathbbA{\mathcal{P}_{\mathbb{A}}} of all subsets of \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} . We say that I{\mathcal{I}} is an Ω-ideal if I{\mathcal{I}} contains all finite subsets of \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} and f(An) ? I{f(A^{n}) \in \mathcal{I}} for every n-ary operation f ? W{f \in \Omega} and every A ? I{A \in \mathcal{I}} . We prove that there are 22à0{2^{2^{\aleph_0}}} Ω-ideals in P\mathbbA{\mathcal{P}_{\mathbb{A}}} provided that \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} is countably infinite and Ω is countable.      9. Absolutely convergent fourier series. An improvement of the Beurling-Helson theorem      V. V. Lebedev 《Functional Analysis and Its Applications》2012,46(2):121-132 We consider the space A(\mathbbT)A(\mathbb{T}) of all continuous functions f on the circle \mathbbT\mathbb{T} such that the sequence of Fourier coefficients [^(f)] = { [^(f)]( k ), k ? \mathbbZ }\hat f = \left\{ {\hat f\left( k \right), k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right\} belongs to l 1(ℤ). The norm on A(\mathbbT)A(\mathbb{T}) is defined by || f ||A(\mathbbT) = || [^(f)] ||l1 (\mathbbZ)\left\| f \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = \left\| {\hat f} \right\|_{l^1 (\mathbb{Z})}. According to the well-known Beurling-Helson theorem, if f:\mathbbT ? \mathbbT\phi :\mathbb{T} \to \mathbb{T} is a continuous mapping such that || einf ||A(\mathbbT) = O(1)\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = O(1), n ∈ ℤ then φ is linear. It was conjectured by Kahane that the same conclusion about φ is true under the assumption that || einf ||A(\mathbbT) = o( log| n | )\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = o\left( {\log \left| n \right|} \right). We show that if $\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = o\left( {\left( {{{\log \log \left| n \right|} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\log \log \left| n \right|} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right)^{1/12} } \right)$\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = o\left( {\left( {{{\log \log \left| n \right|} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\log \log \left| n \right|} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right)^{1/12} } \right), then φ is linear.      10. Asymptotic behaviour for a nonlocal diffusion equation on a lattice      Liviu I. Ignat  Julio D. Rossi 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》2008,170(1):918-925 In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour as t → ∞ of solutions to a nonlocal diffusion problem on a lattice, namely, u￠n(t) = ?j ? \mathbbZd Jn-juj(t)-un(t)u^{\prime}_{n}(t) = \sum_{{j\in}{{{\mathbb{Z}}}^{d}}} J_{n-j}u_{j}(t)-u_{n}(t) with t ≥ 0 and n ? \mathbbZdn \in {\mathbb{Z}}^{d}. We assume that J is nonnegative and verifies ?n ? \mathbbZdJn = 1\sum_{{n \in {\mathbb{Z}}}^{d}}J_{n}= 1. We find that solutions decay to zero as t → ∞ and prove an optimal decay rate using, as our main tool, the discrete Fourier transform.      11. Numerical verification of condition for approximately midconvex functions      P. Spurek  Ja. Tabor 《Aequationes Mathematicae》2012,83(3):223-237 Let X be a normed space and V be a convex subset of X. Let a\colon \mathbbR+ ? \mathbbR+{\alpha \colon \mathbb{R}_+ \to \mathbb{R}_+}. A function f \colon V ? \mathbbR{f \colon V \to \mathbb{R}} is called α-midconvex if f (\fracx + y2)-\fracf(x) + f(y)2 ￡ a(||x - y||)    for  x, y ? V.f \left(\frac{x + y}{2}\right)-\frac{f(x) + f(y)}{2}\leq \alpha(\|x - y\|)\quad {\rm for} \, x, y \in V.      12. An Inverse Theorem for the Uniformity Seminorms Associated with the Action of {{\mathbb {F}^{\infty}_{p}}}      Vitaly Bergelson  Terence Tao  Tamar Ziegler 《Geometric And Functional Analysis》2010,19(6):1539-1596 Let ${\mathbb {F}}Let \mathbb F{\mathbb {F}} a finite field. We show that the universal characteristic factor for the Gowers–Host–Kra uniformity seminorm U k (X) for an ergodic action (Tg)g ? \mathbb Fw{(T_{g})_{{g} \in \mathbb {F}^{\omega}}} of the infinite abelian group \mathbb Fw{\mathbb {F}^{\omega}} on a probability space X = (X, B, m){X = (X, \mathcal {B}, \mu)} is generated by phase polynomials f: X ? S1{\phi : X \to S^{1}} of degree less than C(k) on X, where C(k) depends only on k. In the case where k ￡ char(\mathbb F){k \leq {\rm char}(\mathbb {F})} we obtain the sharp result C(k) = k. This is a finite field counterpart of an analogous result for \mathbb Z{\mathbb {Z}} by Host and Kra [HK]. In a companion paper [TZ] to this paper, we shall combine this result with a correspondence principle to establish the inverse theorem for the Gowers norm in finite fields in the high characteristic case k ￡ char(\mathbb F){k \leq {\rm char}(\mathbb {F})} , with a partial result in low characteristic.      13. Local–global divisibility by 4 in elliptic curves defined over {\mathbb{Q}}      Laura Paladino 《Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata》2010,189(1):17-23 Let ${\mathcal{E}}Let E{\mathcal{E}} be an elliptic curve defined over \mathbbQ{\mathbb{Q}} . Let P ? E(\mathbb Q){P\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q})} and let q be a positive integer. Assume that for almost all valuations v ? \mathbbQ{v\in \mathbb{Q}} , there exist points Dv ? E(\mathbb Qv){D_v\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q}_v)} such that P = qD v . Is it possible to conclude that there exists a point D ? E(\mathbb Q){D\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q})} such that P = qD? A full answer to this question is known when q is a power of almost all primes p ? \mathbbN{p\in \mathbb{N}} , but some cases remain open when p ? S={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,37,43,67,163}{p\in S=\{2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,37,43,67,163\}} . We now give a complete answer in the case when q = 4.      14. On a class of non-uniform average sampling expansions and partial reconstruction in subspaces of L 2(?)      Nikolaos D. Atreas 《Advances in Computational Mathematics》2012,36(1):21-38 Let ϕ be a function in the Wiener amalgam space W￥(L1)\emph{W}_{\infty}(L_1) with a non-vanishing property in a neighborhood of the origin for its Fourier transform [^(f)]\widehat{\phi}, t={tn}n ? \mathbb Z{\bf \tau}=\{\tau_n\}_{n\in {{\mathbb Z}}} be a sampling set on ℝ and VftV_\phi^{\bf \tau} be a closed subspace of L2(\mathbbR)L_2(\hbox{\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}}) containing all linear combinations of τ-translates of ϕ. In this paper we prove that every function f ? Vftf\in V_\phi^{\bf \tau} is uniquely determined by and stably reconstructed from the sample set Lft(f)={ò\mathbbR f(t)[`(f(t-tn))] dt}n ? \mathbb ZL_\phi^{\bf \tau}(f)=\Big\{\int_{\hbox{\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}}} f(t) \overline{\phi(t-\tau_n)} dt\Big\}_{n\in {{\mathbb Z}}}. As our reconstruction formula involves evaluating the inverse of an infinite matrix we consider a partial reconstruction formula suitable for numerical implementation. Under an additional assumption on the decay rate of ϕ we provide an estimate to the corresponding error.      15. Solutions to Polynomial Generalized Bers–Vekua Equations in Clifford Analysis      Min Ku  Daoshun Wang  Lin Dong 《Complex Analysis and Operator Theory》2012,6(2):407-424 In this paper, we mainly study polynomial generalized Vekua-type equation _boxclose)w=0{p(\mathcal{D})w=0} and polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=0{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=0} defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} where D{\mathcal{D}} and D{\mathcal{\underline{D}}} mean generalized Vekua-type operator and generalized Bers–Vekua operator, respectively. Using Clifford algebra, we obtain the Fischer-type decomposition theorems for the solutions to these equations including (D-l)kw=0,(D-l)kw=0(k ? \mathbbN){\left(\mathcal{D}-\lambda\right)^{k}w=0,\left(\mathcal {\underline{D}}-\lambda\right)^{k}w=0\left(k\in\mathbb{N}\right)} with complex parameter λ as special cases, which derive the Almansi-type decomposition theorems for iterated generalized Bers–Vekua equation and polynomial generalized Cauchy–Riemann equation defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}. Making use of the decomposition theorems we give the solutions to polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} under some conditions. Furthermore we discuss inhomogeneous polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=v{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=v} defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}, and develop the structure of the solutions to inhomogeneous polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=v{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=v} defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}.      16. Characterizations of Bent and Almost Bent Function on {\mathbb{Z}_p^2}      Xiyong Zhang  Hua Guo  Zongsheng Gao 《Graphs and Combinatorics》2011,27(4):603-620 Bent and almost-bent functions on \mathbbZp2{\mathbb{Z}_p^2} are studied in this paper. By calculating certain exponential sum and using a technique due to Hou (Finite Fields Appl 10:566–582, 2004), we obtain a degree bound for quasi-bent functions, and prove that almost-bent functions on \mathbbZp2{\mathbb{Z}_p^2} are equivalent to a degenerate quadratic form. From the viewpoint of relative difference sets, we also characterize bent functions on \mathbbZp2{\mathbb{Z}_p^2} in two classes of M{\mathcal{M}} ’s and PS{\mathcal{PS}} ’s, and show that the graph set corresponding to a bent function on \mathbbZp2{\mathbb{Z}_p^2} can be written as the sum of a graph set of M{\mathcal{M}} ’s type bent function and another group ring element. By using our characterization and some technique of permutation polynomial, we obtain the result: a bent function must be of M{\mathcal{M}} ’s type if its corresponding set contains more than (p − 3)/2 flats. A problem proposed by Ma and Pott (J Algebra 175:505–525, 1995) is therefore partially answered.      17. Lifting of convex functions on Carnot groups and lack of convexity for a gauge function      Andrea Bonfiglioli 《Archiv der Mathematik》2009,93(3):277-286 Let ${\mathbb{G}}Let \mathbbG{\mathbb{G}} be a Carnot group of step r and m generators and homogeneous dimension Q. Let \mathbbFm,r{\mathbb{F}_{m,r}} denote the free Lie group of step r and m generators. Let also p:\mathbbFm,r?\mathbbG{\pi:\mathbb{F}_{m,r}\to\mathbb{G}} be a lifting map. We show that any horizontally convex function u on \mathbbG{\mathbb{G}} lifts to a horizontally convex function u°p{u\circ \pi} on \mathbbFm,r{\mathbb{F}_{m,r}} (with respect to a suitable horizontal frame on \mathbbFm,r{\mathbb{F}_{m,r}}). One of the main aims of the paper is to exhibit an example of a sub-Laplacian L=?j=1m Xj2{\mathcal{L}=\sum_{j=1}^m X_j^2} on a Carnot group of step two such that the relevant L{\mathcal{L}}-gauge function d (i.e., d 2-Q is the fundamental solution for L{\mathcal{L}}) is not h-convex with respect to the horizontal frame {X 1, . . . , X m }. This gives a negative answer to a question posed in Danielli et al. (Commun. Anal. Geom. 11 (2003), 263–341).      18. Sharp Kolmogorov-type inequalities for norms of fractional derivatives of multivariate functions      V. F. Babenko  N.V. Parfinovych  S. A. Pichugov 《Ukrainian Mathematical Journal》2010,62(3):343-357 Let C( \mathbbRm ) C\left( {{\mathbb{R}^m}} \right) be the space of bounded and continuous functions x:\mathbbRm ? \mathbbR x:{\mathbb{R}^m} \to \mathbb{R} equipped with the norm || x ||C = || x ||C( \mathbbRm ): = sup{ | x(t) |:t ? \mathbbRm } \left\| x \right\|C = {\left\| x \right\|_{C\left( {{\mathbb{R}^m}} \right)}}: = \sup \left\{ {\left| {x(t)} \right|:t \in {\mathbb{R}^m}} \right\}      19. Ring of invariants of general linear group over local ring \mathbb{Z}_{p^m }      Jizhu Nan  Yin Chen 《Frontiers of Mathematics in China》2011,6(5):887-899 Let \mathbbZpm \mathbb{Z}_{p^m } be the ring of integers modulo p m , where p is a prime and m ⩾ 1. The general linear group GL n ( \mathbbZpm \mathbb{Z}_{p^m } ) acts naturally on the polynomial algebra A n := \mathbbZpm \mathbb{Z}_{p^m } [x 1, …, x n ]. Denote by AnGL2 (\mathbbZpm ) A_n^{GL_2 (\mathbb{Z}_{p^m } )} the corresponding ring of invariants. The purpose of the present paper is to calculate this invariant ring. Our results also generalize the classical Dickson’s theorem.      20. On the distribution of powers of a complex number      Artūras Dubickas 《Archiv der Mathematik》2010,95(2):151-160 Let α be a complex number of modulus strictly greater than 1, and let ξ ≠ 0 and ν be two complex numbers. We investigate the distribution of the sequence ξ α n  + ν, n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , modulo ${\mathbb{Z}[i],}Let α be a complex number of modulus strictly greater than 1, and let ξ ≠ 0 and ν be two complex numbers. We investigate the distribution of the sequence ξ α n  + ν, n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , modulo \mathbbZ[i],{\mathbb{Z}[i],} where i=?{-1}{i=\sqrt{-1}} and \mathbbZ[i]=\mathbbZ+i\mathbbZ{\mathbb{Z}[i]=\mathbb{Z}+i\mathbb{Z}} is the ring of Gaussian integers. For any z ? \mathbbC,{z\in \mathbb{C},} one may naturally call the quantity z modulo \mathbbZ[i]{\mathbb{Z}[i]} the fractional part of z and write {z} for this, in general, complex number lying in the unit square S:={z ? \mathbbC:0 ￡ \mathfrakR(z),\mathfrakJ(z) < 1 }{S:=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:0\leq \mathfrak{R}(z),\mathfrak{J}(z) <1 \}}. We first show that if α is a complex non-real number which is algebraic over \mathbbQ{\mathbb{Q}} and satisfies |α| > 1 then there are two limit points of the sequence {ξ α n  +ν}, n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , which are ‘far’ from each other (in terms of α only), except when α is an algebraic integer whose conjugates over \mathbbQ(i){\mathbb{Q}(i)} all lie in the unit disc |z| ≤  1 and x ? \mathbbQ(a,i).{\xi\in\mathbb{Q}(\alpha,i).} Then we prove a result in the opposite direction which implies that, for any fixed a ? \mathbbC{\alpha\in\mathbb{C}} of modulus greater than 1 and any sequence zn ? \mathbbC,n=0,1,2,...,{z_n\in\mathbb{C},n=0,1,2,\dots,} there exists x ? \mathbbC{\xi \in \mathbb{C}} such that the numbers ξ α n −z n , n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , all lie ‘far’ from the lattice \mathbbZ[i]{\mathbb{Z}[i]}. In particular, they all can be covered by a union of small discs with centers at (1+i)/2+\mathbbZ[i]{(1+i)/2+\mathbb{Z}[i]} if |α| is large.      设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏 Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号

Counting Ω-ideals

Let ${\mathbb{A}}Let \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} be a universal algebra of signature Ω, and let I{\mathcal{I}} be an ideal in the Boolean algebra P_\mathbbA{\mathcal{P}_{\mathbb{A}}} of all subsets of \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} . We say that I{\mathcal{I}} is an Ω-ideal if I{\mathcal{I}} contains all finite subsets of \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} and f(Aⁿ) ? I{f(A^{n}) \in \mathcal{I}} for every n-ary operation f ? W{f \in \Omega} and every A ? I{A \in \mathcal{I}} . We prove that there are 2^2à₀{2^{2^{\aleph_0}}} Ω-ideals in P_\mathbbA{\mathcal{P}_{\mathbb{A}}} provided that \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} is countably infinite and Ω is countable.     

Absolutely convergent fourier series. An improvement of the Beurling-Helson theorem

We consider the space A(\mathbbT)A(\mathbb{T}) of all continuous functions f on the circle \mathbbT\mathbb{T} such that the sequence of Fourier coefficients [^(f)] = { [^(f)]( k ), k ? \mathbbZ }\hat f = \left\{ {\hat f\left( k \right), k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right\} belongs to l ¹(ℤ). The norm on A(\mathbbT)A(\mathbb{T}) is defined by || f ||_A(\mathbbT) = || [^(f)] ||_{l¹ (\mathbbZ)}\left\| f \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = \left\| {\hat f} \right\|_{l^1 (\mathbb{Z})}. According to the well-known Beurling-Helson theorem, if f:\mathbbT ? \mathbbT\phi :\mathbb{T} \to \mathbb{T} is a continuous mapping such that || e^inf ||_A(\mathbbT) = O(1)\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = O(1), n ∈ ℤ then φ is linear. It was conjectured by Kahane that the same conclusion about φ is true under the assumption that || e^inf ||_A(\mathbbT) = o( log| n | )\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = o\left( {\log \left| n \right|} \right). We show that if $\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = o\left( {\left( {{{\log \log \left| n \right|} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\log \log \left| n \right|} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right)^{1/12} } \right)$\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = o\left( {\left( {{{\log \log \left| n \right|} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\log \log \left| n \right|} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right)^{1/12} } \right), then φ is linear.     

Asymptotic behaviour for a nonlocal diffusion equation on a lattice

In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour as t → ∞ of solutions to a nonlocal diffusion problem on a lattice, namely, u^￠_n(t) = ?_{j ? \mathbbZ^d} J_n-ju_j(t)-u_n(t)u^{\prime}_{n}(t) = \sum_{{j\in}{{{\mathbb{Z}}}^{d}}} J_{n-j}u_{j}(t)-u_{n}(t) with t ≥ 0 and n ? \mathbbZ^dn \in {\mathbb{Z}}^{d}. We assume that J is nonnegative and verifies ?_{n ? \mathbbZ^d}J_n = 1\sum_{{n \in {\mathbb{Z}}}^{d}}J_{n}= 1. We find that solutions decay to zero as t → ∞ and prove an optimal decay rate using, as our main tool, the discrete Fourier transform.     

Numerical verification of condition for approximately midconvex functions

Let X be a normed space and V be a convex subset of X. Let a\colon \mathbbR₊ ? \mathbbR₊{\alpha \colon \mathbb{R}_+ \to \mathbb{R}_+}. A function f \colon V ? \mathbbR{f \colon V \to \mathbb{R}} is called α-midconvex if

An Inverse Theorem for the Uniformity Seminorms Associated with the Action of {{\mathbb {F}^{\infty}_{p}}}

Let ${\mathbb {F}}Let \mathbb F{\mathbb {F}} a finite field. We show that the universal characteristic factor for the Gowers–Host–Kra uniformity seminorm U ^k (X) for an ergodic action (T_g)_{g ? \mathbb F^w}{(T_{g})_{{g} \in \mathbb {F}^{\omega}}} of the infinite abelian group \mathbb F^w{\mathbb {F}^{\omega}} on a probability space X = (X, B, m){X = (X, \mathcal {B}, \mu)} is generated by phase polynomials f: X ? S¹{\phi : X \to S^{1}} of degree less than C(k) on X, where C(k) depends only on k. In the case where k ￡ char(\mathbb F){k \leq {\rm char}(\mathbb {F})} we obtain the sharp result C(k) = k. This is a finite field counterpart of an analogous result for \mathbb Z{\mathbb {Z}} by Host and Kra [HK]. In a companion paper [TZ] to this paper, we shall combine this result with a correspondence principle to establish the inverse theorem for the Gowers norm in finite fields in the high characteristic case k ￡ char(\mathbb F){k \leq {\rm char}(\mathbb {F})} , with a partial result in low characteristic.     

Local–global divisibility by 4 in elliptic curves defined over {\mathbb{Q}}

Let ${\mathcal{E}}Let E{\mathcal{E}} be an elliptic curve defined over \mathbbQ{\mathbb{Q}} . Let P ? E(\mathbb Q){P\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q})} and let q be a positive integer. Assume that for almost all valuations v ? \mathbbQ{v\in \mathbb{Q}} , there exist points D_v ? E(\mathbb Q_v){D_v\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q}_v)} such that P = qD _v . Is it possible to conclude that there exists a point D ? E(\mathbb Q){D\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q})} such that P = qD? A full answer to this question is known when q is a power of almost all primes p ? \mathbbN{p\in \mathbb{N}} , but some cases remain open when p ? S={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,37,43,67,163}{p\in S=\{2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,37,43,67,163\}} . We now give a complete answer in the case when q = 4.     

On a class of non-uniform average sampling expansions and partial reconstruction in subspaces of L 2(?)

Let ϕ be a function in the Wiener amalgam space W_￥(L₁)\emph{W}_{\infty}(L_1) with a non-vanishing property in a neighborhood of the origin for its Fourier transform [^(f)]\widehat{\phi}, t={t_n}_{n ? \mathbb Z}{\bf \tau}=\{\tau_n\}_{n\in {{\mathbb Z}}} be a sampling set on ℝ and V_f^tV_\phi^{\bf \tau} be a closed subspace of L₂(\mathbbR)L_2(\hbox{\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}}) containing all linear combinations of τ-translates of ϕ. In this paper we prove that every function f ? V_f^tf\in V_\phi^{\bf \tau} is uniquely determined by and stably reconstructed from the sample set L_f^t(f)={ò_\mathbbR f(t)[`(f(t-t_n))] dt}_{n ? \mathbb Z}L_\phi^{\bf \tau}(f)=\Big\{\int_{\hbox{\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}}} f(t) \overline{\phi(t-\tau_n)} dt\Big\}_{n\in {{\mathbb Z}}}. As our reconstruction formula involves evaluating the inverse of an infinite matrix we consider a partial reconstruction formula suitable for numerical implementation. Under an additional assumption on the decay rate of ϕ we provide an estimate to the corresponding error.     

Solutions to Polynomial Generalized Bers–Vekua Equations in Clifford Analysis

In this paper, we mainly study polynomial generalized Vekua-type equation _boxclose)w=0{p(\mathcal{D})w=0} and polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=0{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=0} defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} where D{\mathcal{D}} and D{\mathcal{\underline{D}}} mean generalized Vekua-type operator and generalized Bers–Vekua operator, respectively. Using Clifford algebra, we obtain the Fischer-type decomposition theorems for the solutions to these equations including (D-l)^kw=0,(D-l)^kw=0(k ? \mathbbN){\left(\mathcal{D}-\lambda\right)^{k}w=0,\left(\mathcal {\underline{D}}-\lambda\right)^{k}w=0\left(k\in\mathbb{N}\right)} with complex parameter λ as special cases, which derive the Almansi-type decomposition theorems for iterated generalized Bers–Vekua equation and polynomial generalized Cauchy–Riemann equation defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}. Making use of the decomposition theorems we give the solutions to polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} under some conditions. Furthermore we discuss inhomogeneous polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=v{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=v} defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}, and develop the structure of the solutions to inhomogeneous polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=v{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=v} defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}.     

Characterizations of Bent and Almost Bent Function on {\mathbb{Z}_p^2}

Bent and almost-bent functions on \mathbbZ_p²{\mathbb{Z}_p^2} are studied in this paper. By calculating certain exponential sum and using a technique due to Hou (Finite Fields Appl 10:566–582, 2004), we obtain a degree bound for quasi-bent functions, and prove that almost-bent functions on \mathbbZ_p²{\mathbb{Z}_p^2} are equivalent to a degenerate quadratic form. From the viewpoint of relative difference sets, we also characterize bent functions on \mathbbZ_p²{\mathbb{Z}_p^2} in two classes of M{\mathcal{M}} ’s and PS{\mathcal{PS}} ’s, and show that the graph set corresponding to a bent function on \mathbbZ_p²{\mathbb{Z}_p^2} can be written as the sum of a graph set of M{\mathcal{M}} ’s type bent function and another group ring element. By using our characterization and some technique of permutation polynomial, we obtain the result: a bent function must be of M{\mathcal{M}} ’s type if its corresponding set contains more than (p − 3)/2 flats. A problem proposed by Ma and Pott (J Algebra 175:505–525, 1995) is therefore partially answered.     

Lifting of convex functions on Carnot groups and lack of convexity for a gauge function

Let ${\mathbb{G}}Let \mathbbG{\mathbb{G}} be a Carnot group of step r and m generators and homogeneous dimension Q. Let \mathbbF_m,r{\mathbb{F}_{m,r}} denote the free Lie group of step r and m generators. Let also p:\mathbbF_m,r?\mathbbG{\pi:\mathbb{F}_{m,r}\to\mathbb{G}} be a lifting map. We show that any horizontally convex function u on \mathbbG{\mathbb{G}} lifts to a horizontally convex function u°p{u\circ \pi} on \mathbbF_m,r{\mathbb{F}_{m,r}} (with respect to a suitable horizontal frame on \mathbbF_m,r{\mathbb{F}_{m,r}}). One of the main aims of the paper is to exhibit an example of a sub-Laplacian L=?_j=1^m X_j²{\mathcal{L}=\sum_{j=1}^m X_j^2} on a Carnot group of step two such that the relevant L{\mathcal{L}}-gauge function d (i.e., d ^2-Q is the fundamental solution for L{\mathcal{L}}) is not h-convex with respect to the horizontal frame {X ₁, . . . , X _m }. This gives a negative answer to a question posed in Danielli et al. (Commun. Anal. Geom. 11 (2003), 263–341).     

Sharp Kolmogorov-type inequalities for norms of fractional derivatives of multivariate functions

Let C( \mathbbR^m ) C\left( {{\mathbb{R}^m}} \right) be the space of bounded and continuous functions x:\mathbbR^m ? \mathbbR x:{\mathbb{R}^m} \to \mathbb{R} equipped with the norm

Ring of invariants of general linear group over local ring \mathbb{Z}_{p^m }

Let \mathbbZ_p^m \mathbb{Z}_{p^m } be the ring of integers modulo p ^m , where p is a prime and m ⩾ 1. The general linear group GL _n ( \mathbbZ_p^m \mathbb{Z}_{p^m } ) acts naturally on the polynomial algebra A _n := \mathbbZ_p^m \mathbb{Z}_{p^m } [x ₁, …, x _n ]. Denote by A_n^{GL₂ (\mathbbZ_pm )} A_n^{GL_2 (\mathbb{Z}_{p^m } )} the corresponding ring of invariants. The purpose of the present paper is to calculate this invariant ring. Our results also generalize the classical Dickson’s theorem.     

On the distribution of powers of a complex number

Let α be a complex number of modulus strictly greater than 1, and let ξ ≠ 0 and ν be two complex numbers. We investigate the distribution of the sequence ξ α ⁿ  + ν, n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , modulo ${\mathbb{Z}[i],}Let α be a complex number of modulus strictly greater than 1, and let ξ ≠ 0 and ν be two complex numbers. We investigate the distribution of the sequence ξ α ⁿ  + ν, n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , modulo \mathbbZ[i],{\mathbb{Z}[i],} where i=?{-1}{i=\sqrt{-1}} and \mathbbZ[i]=\mathbbZ+i\mathbbZ{\mathbb{Z}[i]=\mathbb{Z}+i\mathbb{Z}} is the ring of Gaussian integers. For any z ? \mathbbC,{z\in \mathbb{C},} one may naturally call the quantity z modulo \mathbbZ[i]{\mathbb{Z}[i]} the fractional part of z and write {z} for this, in general, complex number lying in the unit square S:={z ? \mathbbC:0 ￡ \mathfrakR(z),\mathfrakJ(z) < 1 }{S:=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:0\leq \mathfrak{R}(z),\mathfrak{J}(z) <1 \}}. We first show that if α is a complex non-real number which is algebraic over \mathbbQ{\mathbb{Q}} and satisfies |α| > 1 then there are two limit points of the sequence {ξ α ⁿ  +ν}, n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , which are ‘far’ from each other (in terms of α only), except when α is an algebraic integer whose conjugates over \mathbbQ(i){\mathbb{Q}(i)} all lie in the unit disc |z| ≤  1 and x ? \mathbbQ(a,i).{\xi\in\mathbb{Q}(\alpha,i).} Then we prove a result in the opposite direction which implies that, for any fixed a ? \mathbbC{\alpha\in\mathbb{C}} of modulus greater than 1 and any sequence z_n ? \mathbbC,n=0,1,2,...,{z_n\in\mathbb{C},n=0,1,2,\dots,} there exists x ? \mathbbC{\xi \in \mathbb{C}} such that the numbers ξ α ⁿ −z _n , n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , all lie ‘far’ from the lattice \mathbbZ[i]{\mathbb{Z}[i]}. In particular, they all can be covered by a union of small discs with centers at (1+i)/2+\mathbbZ[i]{(1+i)/2+\mathbb{Z}[i]} if |α| is large.