汽车绿色供应链风险评价研究

随着社会的不断发展,人们开始意识到愈演愈烈的环境污染问题,因此绿色供应链的发展也逐渐受到关注.近年来,关于绿色供应链的研究越来越多,并且涉及众多领域,与此同时人们开始关注绿色供应链带来的风险.因此,当前绿色供应链急需解决的难题是如何帮助企业来分析、识别、预测供应链风险的因素,并将风险因素造成的损失控制在可承受范围内,保证其在企业内安全高效地运作并带来回报.文章在研究汽车绿色供应链管理的基础上,运用层次分析法,得到汽车绿色供应链风险评价体系,再通过模糊综合评判法对风险进行评估,从而进行有效的风险预防与控制.本文旨在为汽车绿色供应链的风险管理提供理论方法与策略支持,推动我国汽车绿色供应链的可持续发展.     

工程供应链内涵与关键要素分析

工程供应链管理对于提高工程绩效具有十分重要的意义,已经成为工程管理的重要议题之一。工程的系统复杂性使得制造型供应链的一些相关理论可能并不适用于工程的实践过程。基于此,首先识别与分析工程实践过程中所包含的供应链理论元素;界定与分析工程供应链的概念与内涵;梳理并总结工程供应链与传统制造型供应链的异同;在此基础上,厘清工程供应链管理过程中应关注的系统要素,旨在为提高工程供应链管理绩效提供理论依据。     

基于风险管理的动态供应链超网络均衡模型

基于风险管理的动态供应链超网络均衡模型的研究有助于供应链超网络节点厂商在动态环境下优化其风险管理,降低风险损失,提升供应链网络在风险管理下的竞争优势。本文以三层供应链超网络为研究对象,采用风险发生概率和损失函数表达供应链超网络中节点厂商中断风险的特征,构建了基于风险管理的动态供应链超网络均衡模型。模型中包括三种类型的节点,产品生产商、零售商和需求市场,生产商考虑风险损失的情况下,基于动态变化的风险、需求和成本追求个体期望效益最优化。接着,通过进化变分不等式来表达动态供应链超网络风险管理下的均衡解,并采用投影动态系统求解进化变分不等式,通过数值算例验证方法的可靠性和合理性,通过投影动态系统解释某一个厂商趋近均衡解的过程。通过单一厂商趋近均衡解的过程,阐述其他厂商相应的最优决策。     

基于ANP-灰色聚类方法的供应链风险影响因素研究

供应链网络结构日趋复杂,需要识别供应链网络风险影响因素并对其进行分析．通过分析和识别出供应链运作过程中各种风险影响因素,构建了供应链网络运作风险影响因素评价体系,利用网络分析法对供应链网络风险影响因素和运作阶段进行分析,使用灰色聚类分析对风险因素进行评分,排序并筛选出重要的风险影响因素.通过对汽车零部件供应链网络进行案例分析,得知供应链网络结构特征因素相对于其他因素对供应链网络风险影响程度最大,在供应链管理和研究过程中应对其引起重视.     

需求和汇率风险下的全球供应链汇率风险对冲策略

在下游零售商同时面临市场需求风险和汇率风险的背景下,研究了汇率风险对冲(外汇期货对冲)策略在全球供应链运作及风险管理中的作用。在无/有对冲策略两种情形下分别构建了上游制造商和下游零售商的动态博弈模型,并求解了均衡结果。两种情形下的均衡结果显示,汇率风险对冲策略可以提高供应链系统订货量、增加零售商收益的期望值和确定性等价量、增加供应链系统的总收益。进一步讨论了有对冲策略的情形下,两类外生风险对供应链均衡决策变量和盈利性的影响方式。结果表明,汇率风险对冲策略对汇率风险起到了有效的隔离作用,避免了供应链下游的汇率风险向上游企业传递,并能实现供应链收益与风险的权衡。     

制造企业物流供应链动态行为分析

从制造企业物流系统的供应、生产、销售子系统的运作流程、结构、行为特征及子系统内部和子系统之间的因果反馈关系分析入手,将供应链管理思想应用到企业物流三级供应链动力学仿真模型中,借鉴牛鞭效应管理控制和系统基模的思考方法,从"平整化"生产、降低物流成本、稳定企业发展、提升竞争力出发,在Vensim软件仿真环境下对企业物流中原料供应、生产、发货、实现订单等决策变量的动态行为进行仿真分析和优化决策.     

基于模糊层次分析法的农产品供应链金融风险评估

农产品供应链金融是解决"三农"问题的重要手段,建立一个科学的风险评价体系对其发展具有重要意义.本文根据农产品供应链金融运行模式的分析,从信用风险、质押物风险、供应链运作风险、环境风险、技术风险5个角度出发,构建了农产品供应链金融风险评价指标体系,并运用模糊层次分析法对农产品供应链金融的风险进行分析和评估,找出其中的关键影响风险,并分析影响因素和原因,以尽量减少和规避高风险影响因素,为金融机构在开展农产品供应链金融业务中控制风险,实现创新提供一套科学可行的方法.     

系统动力学在建设工程风险识别中的应用

首先根据建设工程建设程序,提出了建设工程建设阶段的风险管理.简单综述了系统动力学在项目管理中的应用,然后选取在项目实施期间,以项目承包商的视角,应用系统动力学方法对项目进行风险识别.由于篇幅所限,仅以工期风险为例,详细识别了造成工期风险的原因和风险发生后引起的后果,以及风险发生后通过系统内部调节后对自身的影响,证明了系统动力学在风险识别阶段应用的可行性和优越性.     

基于多元价值目标的重大复杂工程评价研究

重大复杂工程是推动高质量发展的“牛鼻子”。本文提出了重大复杂工程全寿命周期评价的经济、社会、自然、科技、文化和人才六元价值目标体系,并对其产生机制以及与利益主体和全寿命周期的关系进行了理论分析。进而依据复杂系统理论,从作业系统层、系统层和包括外部环境的超系统层视角,构建了重大复杂工程全寿命周期多元价值目标评价的理论框架。依托该框架,以港珠澳大桥工程为例进行了初步的应用研究。本文研究丰富了重大复杂工程的评价理论,同时为重大工程管理实践提供理论指导和借鉴。     

隧道下穿桥梁主动托换施工风险因素分析

为了对采用主动托换技术的隧道下穿既有桥梁项目施工风险进行有效地管理,运用解释结构模型对施工过程中风险因素之间的关系进行识别.利用WBS-RBS方法识别出所有的风险因素,建立风险因素相互影响关系的邻接矩阵,求出可达矩阵并进行层级划分.将采用主动托换技术的隧道下穿既有桥梁项目施工风险因素划分为九个级别.对这九个级别的关系进一步分析,理清了风险因素之间的关系,对项目风险管理工作提出建议,为实现项目的动态风险管理打下基础.     

Time traps in supply chains: Is optimal still good enough?

Operations Researchers support Supply Chain Management and Supply Chain Planning by developing adequate mathematical optimization models and providing suitable solution procedures. In this paper we discuss what adequate could mean. Therefore, we may ask several questions concerning “optimality” in Supply Chain Planning under causal and temporal uncertainty: What is an optimal solution? When is it optimal? For how long is it optimal? How should the design of a supply chain be changed when conditions and requirements ask for new structures? In particular, we discuss new approaches to Supply Chain Planning in order to give an optimal transformation from an initial solution over multiple periods to a desired one rather than just specifying an optimal snapshot solution. Time and uncertainty are the factors triggering the whole discussion. In particular, several flaws often found when dealing with these factors result in so-called “time traps”. We look at the impact of recent technological developments like the Internet of Things or Industry 4.0 on operational supply chain planning and control, and we show how online optimization can help to cope with real-time challenges. Moreover, we re-coin the concept of risk in the realm of Supply Chain Planning. Here the question is how to measure supply chain specific risks and how to incorporate them “adequately” into mathematical models.     

A new benchmarking approach in Cold Chain

The dark area of Supply Chain Management (SCM) is inadequate attentions to those products that have limitations such as shelf life, need to special equipments and facilities for sales, storage and distribution and so on. For this reason the concept of Cold Chain Management (CCM) was emerged. The main objective of this paper is to develop a linear pair model for selecting the best sales agents as a “Benchmark” in the presence of non-discretionary factors and imprecise data under Free Disposability assumption.     

Strategic simulation models as a new methodological approach: an application to information technologies integration,lean/just-in-time and lead-time

Central European Journal of Operations Research - Hypothesis contrast using statistical models with Structural Equations is a technique widely used in Supply Chain Management research. However,...     

Inventory routing problems: a logistical overview

This paper presents an overview of Supply Chain Management while focussing on the area of Inventory Routing. We aim to provide the state-of-the-art in this area while highlighting the usefulness of the models in practice as well as their limitations. We have classified the papers based on the planning horizon employed in the models namely single period, multiperiod and infinite horizon models that are then complemented by those with stochastic demand patterns. Future research avenues that we believe to be of interest to the OR/MS community are also presented.     

Sustainable SC through the complete reprocessing of end-of-life products by manufacturers: A traditional versus social responsibility company perspective

Every item produced, transported, used and discarded within a Supply Chain (SC) generates costs and creates an impact on the environment. The increase of forward flows as effects of market globalization and reverse flows due to legislation, warranty, recycling and disposal activities affect the ability of a modern SC to be economically and environmentally sustainable. In this context, the study considers an innovative sustainable closed loop SC problem. It first introduces a linear programming model that aims to minimize the total SC costs. Environmental sustainability is guaranteed by the complete reprocessing of an end-of-life product, the re-use of components, the disposal of unusable parts sent directly from the manufacturers, with a closed loop transportation system that maximizes transportation efficiency. Secondly, the authors consider the problem by means of a parametrical study, by analyzing the economical sustainability of the proposed CLSC model versus the classical Forward Supply Chain model (FWSC) from two perspectives: Case 1, the ‘traditional company perspective’, where the SC ends at the customers, and the disposal costs are not included in the SC, and Case 2, the ‘social responsibility company perspective’, where the disposal costs are considered within the SC. The relative impact of the different variables in the SC structure and the applicability of the proposed model, in terms of total costs, SC structure and social responsibility, are investigated thoroughly and the results are reported at the conclusion of the paper.     

基于效益最优的企业物流外包决策的量化研究

供应链管理要求相关企业进行优化合作,将非核心业务外包,其中最典型的是物流外包.目前大多数文献仅仅从定性角度出发阐述企业物流外包决策的原因,而没有将其定量化研究.尝试由基本的需求函数出发,根据企业利润最大化原则,从成本和收益的角度去量化分析企业物流外包的必然性和建立高效供应链的必要性,找到基于利润和核心竞争力的企业物流外包的动力.     

Strategic financial risk management and operations research

Risk management has become a vital topic for financial institutions in the 1990s. Strategically, asset/liability management systems are important tools for controlling a firm's financial risks. They manage these risks by dynamically balancing the firm's asset and liabilities to achieve the firm's objectives. We discuss such leading international firms as Towers Perrin, Frank Russell, and Falcon Asset Management, which apply asset/liability management for efficiently managing risk over extended time periods. Three components of asset/liability management are described: 1) a multi-stage stochastic program for coordinating the asset/liability decisions; 2) a scenario generation procedure for modeling the stochastic parameters; and 3) solution algorithms for solving the resulting large-scale optimization problem.     

Impact of replenishment rules with endogenous lead times on supply chain performance

This text summarizes the PhD thesis of Robert Boute, obtained at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium) under supervision of Marc Lambrecht. This doctoral dissertation in the field of Supply Chain Management demonstrates that significant cost reductions can be obtained for both the retailer and the manufacturer when they align their replenishment policy. Such a collaboration strategy goes far beyond “information sharing”. In this summary, we present the research model, the general outline of the thesis and the methodology used. The PhD thesis, written in English, is available from the author upon request.      

An Approach for Strategic Supply Chain Planning under Uncertainty based on Stochastic 0-1 Programming

We present a two-stage stochastic 0-1 modeling and a related algorithmic approach for Supply Chain Management under uncertainty, whose goal consists of determining the production topology, plant sizing, product selection, product allocation among plants and vendor selection for raw materials. The objective is the maximization of the expected benefit given by the product net profit over the time horizon minus the investment depreciation and operations costs. The main uncertain parameters are the product net price and demand, the raw material supply cost and the production cost. The first stage is included by the strategic decisions. The second stage is included by the tactical decisions. A tight 0-1 model for the deterministic version is presented. A splitting variable mathematical representation via scenario is presented for the stochastic version of the model. A two-stage version of a Branch and Fix Coordination (BFC) algorithmic approach is proposed for stochastic 0-1 program solving, and some computational experience is reported for cases with dozens of thousands of constraints and continuous variables and hundreds of 0-1 variables.