Erratum to “On α-DICC modules” Commun. Algebra. 22(6):1933–1944 (1994)

We give a correct statement for [2 Karamzadeh, O. A. S., Motamedi, M. (1994). On α-DICC modules. Commun. Algebra 22(6):1933–1944.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Proposition 1.2]. However, this new form of the proposition needs no different proof from that of [2 Karamzadeh, O. A. S., Motamedi, M. (1994). On α-DICC modules. Commun. Algebra 22(6):1933–1944.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Proposition 1.2].     

Classical Morita equivalence and linear topologies; applications to quasi-dualities

ABSTRACT

In this note,we answer a question of Hong et al. (2003 Hong , C. Y. , Kim , N. K. , Kwak , T. K. ( 2003 ). On skew Armendariz rings . Comm. Alg. 31 ( 1 ): 103 – 122 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) by proving that if α is a monomorphism of a reduced ring R, and R is α-skew Armendariz, then R is α-rigid.     

Rank Properties of the Semigroup of Singular Transformations on a Finite Set

It is known that the semigroup Sing _n of all singular self-maps of X _n  = {1,2,…, n} has rank n(n ? 1)/2. The idempotent rank, defined as the smallest number of idempotents generating Sing _n , has the same value as the rank. (See Gomes and Howie, 1987 Gomes , G. M. S. , Howie , J. M. ( 1987 ). On the rank of certain finite semigroups of transformations . Math. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 101 : 395 – 303 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar].) Idempotents generating Sing _n can be seen as special cases (with m = r = 2) of (m, r)-path-cycles, as defined in Ay\i k et al. (2005 Ay?k , G. , Ay?k , H. , Howie , J. M. ( 2005 ). On factorisations and generators in transformation semigroups . Semigroup Forum 70 : 225 – 237 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The object of this article is to show that, for fixed m and r, the (m, r)-rank of Sing _n , defined as the smallest number of (m, r)-path-cycles generating Sing _n , is once again n(n ? 1)/2.     

A Matrix Approach to Generalizing Axelrod-Type Tournaments

Axelrod's (1980a Axelrod , R. ( 1980a ). Effective choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 24 , 3 – 25 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] 1980b Axelrod , R. ( 1980b ). More effective choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 24 , 379 – 403 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Prisoner's Dilemma computer tournaments have motivated numerous investigations of cooperation, strategy choice, and strategic evolution. By having players adopt various strategies for playing the Prisoner's Dilemma, and then programming a computer to pit the strategies against each other in a round-robin format, Axelrod uncovered important principles about the evolution of cooperation in certain contexts, and stimulated others to extend his basic method into other settings. This article presents a matrix approach for calculating the results of an Axelrod-type tournament. This approach allows one to investigate the impact of changes in the format of the tournament, the nature of the payoff matrix, or the particular strategic choices of the players.     

Corrigendum to: “Clifford Theory of a Finite Group that Contains a Defect 0 p-Block of a Normal Subgroup”

At some point, after publication, the author realized that the proof of [3 Harris, M. E. (2013). Clifford theory of a finite group that contains a defect 0 p-block of a normal subgroup. Comm. in Alg. 41:3509–3540.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Theorem 5.2] is incorrect. This proof incorrectly adapts the proof of [1 Broué, M. (1990). Isométries parfaites, types de blocs, cégories dérivees. Aérisque 181–182:61–92. [Google Scholar], Theorem 4.8] since [3 Harris, M. E. (2013). Clifford theory of a finite group that contains a defect 0 p-block of a normal subgroup. Comm. in Alg. 41:3509–3540.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], (5.5)] is incorrect. Using the same proof outline, we correct the proof of [3 Harris, M. E. (2013). Clifford theory of a finite group that contains a defect 0 p-block of a normal subgroup. Comm. in Alg. 41:3509–3540.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Theorem 5.2].     

Graded Left Symmetric Pseudo-algebras

In the present article, we introduce G-graded left symmetric H-pseudoalgebras, where G is a grading group, and H is a cocommutative Hopf algebra. Some results about associative H-pseudoalgebras in [23 Retakh , A. ( 2004 ). Unital associative pseudoalgebras and their representations . J. Algebra 227 : 769 – 805 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]] are generalized. The commutator algebras of the G-graded left symmetric H-pseudo-algebras are Lie H-pseudoalgebras, which are classified when the grading group is trivial in [3 Bakalov , B. , D'Andrea , A. , Kac , V. G. ( 2001 ). Theory of finite pseudoalgebras . Adv. in Math. 162 : 1 – 140 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. We investigate the left symmetric structure of Lie H-pseudoalgebras W(𝔟), S(𝔟), and He defined in [3 Bakalov , B. , D'Andrea , A. , Kac , V. G. ( 2001 ). Theory of finite pseudoalgebras . Adv. in Math. 162 : 1 – 140 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]].     

A Note on Dimension Modules

In [2 Camillo , V. P. , Zelmanowitz , J. M. ( 1980 ). Dimension modules . Pacific J. Math. 91 : 249 – 261 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] Camillo and Zelmanowitz stated that rings all whose modules are dimension modules are semisimple Artinian. It seem however that the proof in [2 Camillo , V. P. , Zelmanowitz , J. M. ( 1980 ). Dimension modules . Pacific J. Math. 91 : 249 – 261 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] contains a gap and applies to rings with finite Goldie dimension only. In this paper we show that the result indeed holds for all rings with a basis as well as for all commutative rings with Goldie dimension attained.     

A Question on Strongly Clean Rings

A new characterization of a strongly clean ring is given. And it is proven that if R is a strongly clean ring, then eRe is a strongly clean ring for e ² = e ∈ R, which answers a question of Nicholson (1999 Nicholson , W. K. ( 1999 ). Strongly clean rings and Fitting's lemma . Comm. Algebra 27 ( 8 ): 3583 – 3592 . [CSA] [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) in the affirmative.     

Solvable Permutation Groups and Orbits on Power Sets

We consider the class ? of finitely generated toral relatively hyperbolic groups. We show that groups from ? are commutative transitive and generalize a theorem proved by Benjamin Baumslag in [3 Baumslag, B. (1967). Residually free groups. Prceedings of the London Mathematical Society 17(3):402–418.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]] to this class. We also discuss two definitions of (fully) residually-𝒞 groups, i.e., the classical Definition 1.1 and a modified Definition 1.4. Building upon results obtained by Ol'shanskii [18 Ol'shanskii, A. Yu. (1993). On residualing homomorphisms and G-subgroups of hyperbolic groups. International Journal of Algebra Computation 3:365–409.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]] and Osin [22 Osin, D. V. (2010). Small cancellations over relatively hyperbolic groups and embedding theorems. Annals of mathematics 172:1–39.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], we prove the equivalence of the two definitions for 𝒞 = ?. This is a generalization of the similar result obtained by Ol'shanskii for 𝒞 being the class of torsion-free hyperbolic groups. Let Γ ∈ ? be non-abelian and non-elementary. Kharlampovich and Miasnikov proved in [14 Kharlampovich, O., Myasnikov, A. (2012). Limits of relatively hyperbolic groups and Lyndon's completions. Journal of the European Math. Soc. 14:659–680.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] that a finitely generated fully residually-Γ group G embeds into an iterated extension of centralizers of Γ. We deduce from their theorem that every finitely generated fully residually-Γ group embeds into a group from ?. On the other hand, we give an example of a finitely generated torsion-free fully residually-? group that does not embed into a group from ?; ? is the class of hyperbolic groups.     

On Prime Spectrums of Commutative Rings

We show that π-regular rings and clean rings can be completely characterized by topological properties of their prime spectrums respectively. In addition, we give some applications of those result. Among others, we improve the main result of Samei (2004 Samei , K. ( 2004 ). Clean elements in commutative reduced rings . Comm. Algebra 32 ( 9 ): 3479 – 3486 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and give a new criterion for a clean ring that a commutative ring is clean if and only if idempotents lifts modulo every radical ideal.     

On Serial Noetherian Rings

It is well known that every serial Noetherian ring satisfies the restricted minimum condition. In particular, following Warfield (1975 Warfield , R. B. ( 1975 ). Serial rings and finitely presented modules . J. Algebra 37 : 187 – 222 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), such a ring is a direct sum of an Artinian ring and hereditary prime rings. The aim of this note is to show that every serial ring having the restricted minimum condition is Noetherian.     

Double Ore Extensions Versus Iterated Ore Extensions

Motivated by the construction of new examples of Artin–Schelter regular algebras of global dimension four, Zhang and Zhang [6 Zhang , J. J. , Zhang , J. ( 2008 ). Double Ore extensions . J. Pure Appl. Algebra 212 ( 12 ): 2668 – 2690 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] introduced an algebra extension A _P [y ₁, y ₂; σ, δ, τ] of A, which they called a double Ore extension. This construction seems to be similar to that of a two-step iterated Ore extension over A. The aim of this article is to describe those double Ore extensions which can be presented as iterated Ore extensions of the form A[y ₁; σ₁, δ₁][y ₂; σ₂, δ₂]. We also give partial answers to some questions posed in Zhang and Zhang [6 Zhang , J. J. , Zhang , J. ( 2008 ). Double Ore extensions . J. Pure Appl. Algebra 212 ( 12 ): 2668 – 2690 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]].     

Virtually Biautomatic Groups

We introduce virtually biautomatic groups (groups with finite index biautomatic subgroups) and generalize results of Gersten and Short [3 Gersten , S. , Short , H. ( 1991 ). Rational subgroups of biautomatic groups . Annals of Mathematics 134 : 125 – 128 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] and Mosher [5 Mosher , L. ( 1997 ). Central quotients of biautomatic groups . Comment. Math. Helv. 72 ( 1 ): 16 – 29 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] on centralizers, normalizers, and quotients to virtually biautomatic groups.     

Classifying annihilating-ideal graphs of commutative artinian rings

In this article we investigate the annihilating-ideal graph of a commutative ring, introduced by Behboodi and Rakeei in [10 Behboodi, M., Rakeei, Z. (2011). The annihilating-ideal graph of commutative rings I. J. Algebra Appl. 10(4):727–739.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. Our main goal is to determine which algebraic properties of a ring are reflected in its annihilating-ideal graph. We prove that, for artinian rings, the annihilating-ideal graph can be used to determine whether the ring in question is a PIR or, more generally, if it is a dual ring. Moreover, with one trivial exception, the annihilating-ideal graph can distinguish between PIRs with different ideal lattices. In addition, we explore new techniques for classifying small annihilating-ideal graphs. Consequently, we completely determine the graphs with six or fewer vertices which can be realized as the annihilating-ideal graph of a commutative ring.     

A Simple Proof of Tyurin's Babylonian Tower Theorem

Using the method of Coand? and Trautmann [4 Coand? , I. , Trautmann , G. ( 2006 ). The splitting criterion of Kempf and the Babylonian tower theorem . Comm. Algebra 34 : 2485 – 2488 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], we give a simple proof of a theorem due, in the smooth case, to Tyurin [9 Tyurin , A. N. ( 1976 ). Finite dimensional vector bundles over infinite varieties . Math. USSR Izv. 10 : 1187 – 1204 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]: if a vector bundle E on a c-codimensional locally Cohen–Macaulay closed subscheme X of ? ⁿ extends to a vector bundle F on a similar closed subscheme Y of ? ^N , for every N > n, then E is the restriction to X of a direct sum of line bundles on ? ⁿ . Using the same method, we also provide a proof of the Babylonian tower theorem for locally complete intersection subschemes of projective spaces.     

Freeness of Quasi-Hopf Algebras Over Right Coideal Subalgebras

We will generalize Skryabin's Freeness Theorem [11 Skryabin , S. ( 2007 ). Projectivity and freeness over comodule algebras . Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 359 : 2597 – 2623 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]to quasi-Hopf algebras. We will show that for a finite dimensional quasi-Hopf algebra H and a right coideal subalgebra K ? H all (H, K)-quasi Hopf bimodules are free K-modules, in particular, H is a free right and left K-module.     

Laurent Series Ring over Semiperfect Ring Can Not be Semiperfect

One of the main results of the article [2 Sonin , K. I. ( 1996 ). Semiprime and semiperfect rings of Laurent series . Mathematical Notes 60 : 222 – 226 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] says that, if a ring R is semiperfect and ? is an authomorphism of R, then the skew Laurent series ring R((x, ?)) is semiperfect. We will show that the above statement is not true. More precisely, we will show that, if the Laurent series ring R((x)) is semilocal, then R is semiperfect with nil Jacobson radical.     

Lie algebras of vector fields on smooth affine varieties

We reprove the results of Jordan [18 Jordan, D. (1986). On the ideals of a Lie algebra of derivations. J. London Math. Soc. 33:33–39.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] and Siebert [30 Siebert, T. (1996). Lie algebras of derivations and a?ne algebraic geometry over fields of characteristic 0. Math. Ann. 305:271–286.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] and show that the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields on an irreducible a?ne variety X is simple if and only if X is a smooth variety. Given proof is self-contained and does not depend on papers mentioned above. Besides, the structure of the module of polynomial functions on an irreducible smooth a?ne variety over the Lie algebra of vector fields is studied. Examples of Lie algebras of polynomial vector fields on an N-dimensional sphere, non-singular hyperelliptic curves and linear algebraic groups are considered.     

Automorphisms of Incidence Algebras

We study automorphisms of the incidence algebra of a finite quasiordered set M. In particular, we describe explicitly the group of outer automorphisms and give a criterion for any automorphism of this algebra to be a product of an inner one and an automorphism of M, which corrects some results of Spiegel (2001 Spiegel , E. ( 2001 ). On the automorphisms of incidence algebras . J. Algebra 239 : 615 – 623 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]).     

Optimal Control of Nonlinear Transport-Flow Mixed Variational Problems

Optimal control of nonlinear transport-flow mixed variational problems are studied qualitatively, and the solvability analysis of the transport and flow mixed state systems is performed on the basis of primal and dual evolution duality principles. Corresponding primal and dual mixed optimality conditions are established by the application of some fundamental perturbation conjugate duality results recently proposed [8 G. Alduncin (2013). Optimal control of evolution mixed variational inclusions. Applied Mathematics and Optimization 68:445–473.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. Further, for computational purposes, two- and three-field proximation penalty-duality algorithms in the resolution of the mixed optimality conditions are finally presented and discussed.