一道高考数学试题的多视角开发利用

高考试题,是命题专家潜心研究、匠心独运、精心设计的试题精品,具有很高的练习、研究价值.近几年来,全国试题和部分省市自主命题更是让试题如串串珠玑,精彩纷呈,构筑起一座丰厚的试题宝库.     

一种基于集成学习的试题多知识点标注方法

个性化试题推荐、试题难度预测、学习者建模等教育数据挖掘任务需要使用到学生作答数据资源及试题知识点标注,现阶段的试题数据都是由人工标注知识点。因此,利用机器学习方法自动标注试题知识点是一项迫切的需求。针对海量试题资源情况下的试题知识点自动标注问题,本文提出了一种基于集成学习的试题多知识点标注方法。首先,形式化定义了试题知识点标注问题,并借助教材目录和领域知识构建知识点的知识图谱作为类别标签。其次,采用基于集成学习的方法训练多个支持向量机作为基分类器,筛选出表现优异的基分类器进行集成,构建出试题多知识点标注模型。最后,以某在线教育平台数据库中的高中数学试题为实验数据集,应用所提方法预测试题考察的知识点,取得了较好的效果。     

合理改编试题，实现问题价值的提升

试题改编是提升学生思维,实现减负增效的基础.结合具体案例,从“观察试题背景,合理改编”“延伸试题内容,深度开发”“衍变试题价值,适当推广”三方面,阐述在教学中如何改编试题,让问题变得更具教学价值.     

数学核心素养导向下的原创试题命制——记一次高中数学命题大赛的心路历程

呈现一次高中数学命题大赛的心路历程,展示了数学核心素养导向下数学命题的实践与探索,探寻指向核心素养的试题命制路径,总结试题命制过程中的收获与感悟:命制试题是教师必备基本功,在命制试题中提升专业素养,通过命制试题落实核心素养.     

一道高三质量监测题的推广及高数探源

2023年3月楚雄市高三质量监测考试数学卷的解析几何试题考查斜率和为定值问题,本文对此题进行分析,探究试题的解法,把试题的结论进行推广,最后对试题的高等数学背景进行探源.     

一道网红模拟试题的编制历程

以一道浙江省名校联盟卷填空压轴题为例,介绍试题的编制背景,记录试题的打磨成型过程,分析试题成为“网红题”的原因和考查价值,在此基础上编制了几道新的模拟试题.     

椭圆中一类定点定值问题的解法示例和命制溯源

近年来,各地的高考试题和调研试题中,出现了一些圆锥曲线中有关定点定值的试题．这些试题的相继出现,引发了笔者基于师生两类不同视角的思考。对学生而言,期盼的是：这类试题如何求解？有无章法可依？教师的关注点是：这类试题是怎样命制的？是否有规律可循？解决好这两个问题,对高三的复习教学具有较强的针对性和明显的指导意义．     

中考阅读理解题探究

所谓阅读理解型试题,就是既考查学生的阅读能力,同时又考查数学基础知识的试题．阅读理解型试题的文字叙述一般较长,信息量较大,各种关系错综复杂、不易梳理,因而应使学生搞清楚试题中各种量的关系、位置特征或数量特点,并根据试题所向作出正确的解答．     

改编高考试题，引领高三复习

高考试题构思巧妙,有的考查某些基础知识,有的渗透某种数学方法或体现某种数学思想,高考试题是我们教与学的典型范例,充分挖掘高考试题所蕴藏的价值,重视高考试题的教学示范作用,更是提高高三复习效率的最佳“捷径”．     

谈立体几何试题中创新意识的体现

高考中的立体几何试题,通常是"一大一小"或"一大两小",其中的"一小"或"两小"即为客观性试题.立体几何中的客观性试题是立体几何试题改革与创新的"试验田",近年出现了"百花齐放"的新景象,以下以近年各地的高考试题或是名校的模拟题为例,谈一下立体几何高考客观题的     

二次曲面和平面位置关系的判式

在解析几何中有二次曲线与直线位置关系的讨论、二次曲面与直线位置关系的讨论,而二次曲面与平面相关位置关系的探讨较少.本文给出二次曲面a11x2+a22y2+a33z2+2a12xy+2a13xz+2a23yz+2a14x+2a24y+2a34z+a44=0(1)和平面Ax+By+Cz+D=0(2)的相对位置的判别式Δ=a11a12a13a14Aa21a22a23a24Ba31a32a33a34Ca41a42a43a44DA B C D0(aij=aji).(3)并证明了:若Δ>0,则二次曲面(1)与平面(2)相交;若Δ=0,则(1)和(2)相切;若Δ<0,则(1)和(2)相离.     

An algorithm for constructing star-shaped drawings of plane graphs

A straight-line planar drawing of a plane graph is called a convex drawing if every facial cycle is drawn as a convex polygon. Convex drawings of graphs is a well-established aesthetic in graph drawing, however not all planar graphs admit a convex drawing. Tutte [W.T. Tutte, Convex representations of graphs, Proc. of London Math. Soc. 10 (3) (1960) 304–320] showed that every triconnected plane graph admits a convex drawing for any given boundary drawn as a convex polygon. Thomassen [C. Thomassen, Plane representations of graphs, in: Progress in Graph Theory, Academic Press, 1984, pp. 43–69] gave a necessary and sufficient condition for a biconnected plane graph with a prescribed convex boundary to have a convex drawing.In this paper, we initiate a new notion of star-shaped drawing of a plane graph as a straight-line planar drawing such that each inner facial cycle is drawn as a star-shaped polygon, and the outer facial cycle is drawn as a convex polygon. A star-shaped drawing is a natural extension of a convex drawing, and a new aesthetic criteria for drawing planar graphs in a convex way as much as possible. We give a sufficient condition for a given set A of corners of a plane graph to admit a star-shaped drawing whose concave corners are given by the corners in A, and present a linear time algorithm for constructing such a star-shaped drawing.     

Scalarization of Henig Proper Efficient Points in a Normed Space

In a general normed space equipped with the order induced by a closed convex cone with a base, using a family of continuous monotone Minkowski functionals and a family of continuous norms, we obtain scalar characterizations of Henig proper efficient points of a general set and a bounded set, respectively. Moreover, we give a scalar characterization of a superefficient point of a set in a normed space equipped with the order induced by a closed convex cone with a bounded base.     

Staircase Parameterization in Dynamical Selection

This paper deals with a variant of a dynamical selection scheme introduced by Attouch and Cominetti for ill-posed convex minimization which combines approximation with the steepest descent method by mean of a suitable parameterization of the approximation parameter as a function of the time. This variant applies to a general inclusion with a maximal monotone operator by mean of a staircase parameterization. A discrete analogue is also considered. Applications to selecting a particular zero of a maximal monotone operator or a particular fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping via regularization techniques are presented. Finally, the alternative use of well-posedness by perturbations is discussed.     

Box-Rectangular Drawings of Plane Graphs

In this paper we introduce a new drawing style of a plane graph G called a box-rectangular drawing. It is defined to be a drawing of G on an integer grid such that every vertex is drawn as a rectangle, called a box, each edge is drawn as either a horizontal line segment or a vertical line segment, and the contour of each face is drawn as a rectangle. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a box-rectangular drawing of G. We also give a linear-time algorithm to find a box-rectangular drawing of G if it exists.     

On arithmetic Macaulayfication of Noetherian rings

The Rees algebra is the homogeneous coordinate ring of a blowing-up. The present paper gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a Noetherian local ring to have a Cohen-Macaulay Rees algebra: A Noetherian local ring has a Cohen-Macaulay Rees algebra if and only if it is unmixed and all the formal fibers of it are Cohen-Macaulay. As a consequence of it, we characterize a homomorphic image of a Cohen-Macaulay local ring. For non-local rings, this paper gives only a sufficient condition. By using it, however, we obtain the affirmative answer to Sharp's conjecture. That is, a Noetherian ring having a dualizing complex is a homomorphic image of a finite-dimensional Gorenstein ring.

     

Mean-variance portfolio selection for a non-life insurance company

We consider a collective insurance risk model with a compound Cox claim process, in which the evolution of a claim intensity is described by a stochastic differential equation driven by a Brownian motion. The insurer operates in a financial market consisting of a risk-free asset with a constant force of interest and a risky asset which price is driven by a Lévy noise. We investigate two optimization problems. The first one is the classical mean-variance portfolio selection. In this case the efficient frontier is derived. The second optimization problem, except the mean-variance terminal objective, includes also a running cost penalizing deviations of the insurer’s wealth from a specified profit-solvency target which is a random process. In order to find optimal strategies we apply techniques from the stochastic control theory.     

On farthest points of sets

For a convex closed bounded set in a Banach space, we study the existence and uniqueness problem for a point of this set that is the farthest point from a given point in space. In terms of the existence and uniqueness of the farthest point, as well as the Lipschitzian dependence of this point on a point in space, we obtain necessary and su.cient conditions for the strong convexity of a set in several infinite-dimensional spaces, in particular, in a Hilbert space. A set representable as the intersection of closed balls of a fixed radius is called a strongly convex set. We show that the condition “for each point in space that is sufficiently far from a set, there exists a unique farthest point of the set” is a criterion for the strong convexity of a set in a finite-dimensional normed space, where the norm ball is a strongly convex set and a generating set.     

The KdV soliton crosses a dissipative and dispersive border

We demonstrate the behavior of the soliton which, while moving in non-dissipative and dispersion-constant medium encounters a finite-width barrier with varying dissipation and/or dispersion; beyond the layer dispersion is constant (but not necessarily of the same value) and dissipation is null. The transmitted wave either retains the form of a soliton (though of different parameters) or scatters a into a number of them. And a reflection wave may be negligible or absent. This models a situation similar to a light passing from a humid air to a dry one through the vapor saturation/condensation area. Some rough estimations for a prediction of an output are given using the relative decay (or accumulation) of the KdV conserved quantities in a dissipative area; in particular for a restriction for a number of solitons in the transmitted signal.