Finite and Infinite Order Differential Relations for Theta Functions

We give different linear and nonlinear differential relations on Jacobi theta functions with more emphasis on the nonlinear differential equation of the third order of Jacobi. We present different points of view with a special attention to the role played by the second order linear differential equations, and their link to the Riccati equation and the Schwarzian equation. We also study an identity for theta functions resulting from the action of certain infinite order differential operators.     

Boundary-value problem with saigo operators for mixed type equation of the third order with multiple characteristics

We study a boundary-value problem with shift formixed-type equation of the third order. In the hyperbolic field boundary condition contains a linear combination of generalized operators of fractional integro-differentiation. We prove a unique solvability of the problem.     

Differential operators associated with holomorphic mappings

Two differential operators which act on holomorphic mappings to complex projective space are studied. One operator is of second order and characterizes projective linear mappings. The other operator is of third order and may be viewed as a curvature. The two operators together play a role analogous to the Schwarzian derivative.A canonical approximation to a holomorphic mapping is defined, and a relationship between the approximation and the operators is derived. In the one variable case, this reduces to a classical result relating the Schwarzian derivative and the best Möbius approximation to a holomorphic function.     

On two high‐order families of frozen Newton‐type methods

This paper is devoted to the study of two high‐order families of frozen Newton‐type methods. The methods are free of bilinear operators, which constitute the main limitation of the classical high‐order iterative schemes. Both families are natural generalizations of an efficient third‐order method. Although the methods are more demanding, a semilocal convergence analysis is presented using weaker conditions.     

On a class of coupled Hamiltonian operators and their integrable hierarchies with two potentials

We discuss at first in this paper the Gauge equivalence among several u‐linear Hamiltonian operators and present explicitly the associated Gauge transformation of Bäcklund type among them. We then establish the sufficient and necessary conditions for the linear superposition of the discussed u‐linear operators and matrix differential operators with constant coefficients of arbitrary order to be Hamiltonian, which interestingly shows that the resulting Hamiltonian operators survive only up to the third differential order. Finally, we explore a few illustrative examples of integrable hierarchies from Hamiltonian pairs embedded in the resulting Hamiltonian operators.     

J—自共轭微分算子谱的定性分析

本文对J－自共轭微分算子谱理论研究情况做一些概要性的介绍,第一部分简要回顾了J－自共轭微分算子理论研究的发展过程,第二,三部分介绍了J－自共轭微分算子的本质谱和离散谱定性分析的主要方法和结论;第四部分扼要叙述J－自共轭微分算子其它方面的一些工作,以及J－自共轭微分算子谱理论研究中尚待解决的问题。     

On a third‐order Newton‐type method free of bilinear operators

This paper is devoted to the study of a third‐order Newton‐type method. The method is free of bilinear operators, which constitutes the main limitation of the classical third‐order iterative schemes. First, a global convergence theorem in the real case is presented. Second, a semilocal convergence theorem and some examples are analyzed, including quadratic equations and integral equations. Finally, an approximation using divided differences is proposed and used for the approximation of boundary‐value problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the solvability of initial boundary-value problems for a class of operator-differential equations of third order

We obtain sufficient conditions for the regular solvability of initial boundary-value problems for a class of operator-differential equations of third order with variable coefficients on the semiaxis. These conditions are expressed only in terms of the operator coefficients of the equations under study. We obtain estimates of the norms of intermediate derivative operators via the discontinuous principal parts of the equations and also find relations between these estimates and the conditions for regular solvability.     

A semigroup proof of a non-ergodic Markov process central limit theorem with third order terms

A semigroup product for linear operators is used to get a central limit theorem with third order terms which applies to all ergodic and non-ergodic discrete time Markov processes with continuous transition probability densities on a compact Hausdorff space.     

On the Behavior of the Four Order Iteration in Euler's Family Near a Zero

The aim of this paper is to study the local convergence of the four order iteration of Euler's family for solving nonlinear operator equations. We get the optimal radius of the local convergence ball of the method for operators satisfying the weak third order generalized Lipschitz condition with L-average. We also show that the local convergence of the method is determined by a period 2 orbit of the method itself applied to a real function.     

Exact Lebesgue constants for interpolatory ℒ-splines of third order

In this paper, we obtain the Lebesgue constants for interpolatory ?-splines of third order with uniform nodes, i.e., the norms of interpolation operators from C to C describing the process of interpolation of continuous bounded and continuous periodic functions by ?-splines of third order with uniform nodes on the real line. As a corollary, we obtain exact Lebesgue constants for interpolatory polynomial parabolic splines with uniform nodes.     

Composition Operators on the Space of Bounded Harmonic Functions

We study composition operators on the space of bounded harmonic functions on the open unit disk. The principal goal of this paper is to provide criteria for determining the essential norm of difference of two composition operators. The third author is partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No.17540169), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.     

On commuting differential operators of rank 2

We study examples of formally self-adjoint commuting ordinary differential operators of order 4 or 4g + 2 whose coefficients are analytic on ?. We prove that these operators do not commute with the operators of odd order, justifying rigorously that these operators are of rank 2.     

Unique solvability of pseudohyperbolic equations with singular right-hand sides

In this paper, we consider the solvability of the Cauchy problem for pseudohyperbolic equations (partial differential equations of third order). For the case in which the right-hand side is a generalized function (distribution) of finite order, we establish a theorem on the unique solvability for a sufficiently general pseudohyperbolic operator. The method of proof is based on a specially constructed “scale” of a priori inequalities for the direct and adjoint operators.     

Commutator representations and roots of pseudo differential operators

Based on the fundamental commutator representation proposed by Cao [4] we established two explicit expressions for roots of a third order differential operator. By using those expressions we succeeded in clarifying the relationship between two major approaches in theory of integrable systems: the zero curvature and the Lax representations for the KdV and the Boussinesq hierarchies. The proposed procedure could be extended to the general case of higher order of differential operators that leads to the Gel’fand-Dickey hierarchy.     

Approximation of functions of two variables by certain linear positive operators

We introduce certain linear positive operators and study some approximation properties of these operators in the space of functions, continuous on a compact set, of two variables. We also find the order of this approximation by using modulus of continuity. Moreover we define an rth order generalization of these operators and observe its approximation properties. Furthermore, we study the convergence of the linear positive operators in a weighted space of functions of two variables and find the rate of this convergence using weighted modulus of continuity.     

Boundary‐value problems for the third‐order loaded equation with noncharacteristic type‐change boundaries

The purpose of this paper is to establish unique solvability for a certain generalized boundary‐value problem for a loaded third‐order integro‐differential equation with variable coefficients. Moreover, the method of integral equations is applied to obtain an equation related to the Riemann‐Liouville operators.     

Strichartz estimates and local smoothing estimates for asymptotically flat Schrödinger equations

In this article we study global-in-time Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger evolution corresponding to long-range perturbations of the Euclidean Laplacian. This is a natural continuation of a recent article [D. Tataru, Parametrices and dispersive estimates for Schrödinger operators with variable coefficients, Amer. J. Math. 130 (2008) 571-634] of the third author, where it is proved that local smoothing estimates imply Strichartz estimates. By [D. Tataru, Parametrices and dispersive estimates for Schrödinger operators with variable coefficients, Amer. J. Math. 130 (2008) 571-634] the local smoothing estimates are known to hold for small perturbations of the Laplacian. Here we consider the case of large perturbations in three increasingly favorable scenarios: (i) without non-trapping assumptions we prove estimates outside a compact set modulo a lower order spatially localized error term, (ii) with non-trapping assumptions we prove global estimates modulo a lower order spatially localized error term, and (iii) for time independent operators with no resonance or eigenvalue at the bottom of the spectrum we prove global estimates for the projection onto the continuous spectrum.     

Invertible Coupled KdV and Coupled Harry Dym Hierarchies

In this paper, we discuss the conditions under which the coupled KdV and coupled Harry Dym hierarchies possess inverse (negative) parts. We further investigate the structure of nonlocal parts of tensor invariants of these hierarchies, in particular, the nonlocal terms of vector fields, conserved one‐forms, recursion operators, Poisson and symplectic operators. We show that the invertible coupled KdV hierarchies possess Poisson structures that are at most weakly nonlocal while coupled Harry Dym hierarchies have Poisson structures with nonlocalities of the third order.