Lexicographically ordered trees

We characterize trees whose lexicographic ordering produces an order isomorphic copy of some sets of real numbers, or an order isomorphic copy of some set of ordinal numbers. We characterize trees whose lexicographic ordering is order complete, and we investigate lexicographically ordered ω-splitting trees that, under the open-interval topology of their lexicographic orders, are of the first Baire category. Finally we collect together some folklore results about the relation between Aronszajn trees and Aronszajn lines, and use earlier results of the paper to deduce some topological properties of Aronszajn lines.     

WEAK and NORM COMPACTNESS ON KÖTHE-BOCHNER FUNCTION SPACES

Abstract

We present some characterizations of weak, weak conditional and norm compactness in spaces of vector valued order continuous Köthe function spaces. These characterizations use oscillation conditions over functions and regular methods of summability.     

Some (2,n) combinatorial Stein groupoids

A Stein groupoid (quasigroup) is a groupoid (quasigroup) satisfying the identityx(xy)=yx. We show that, for certain two variable identities, the variety of Stein groupoids defined by any one of these identities has the properties that every groupoid in the variety is a quasigroup and that the free groupoid generated by two elements is of finite (small) order which we determine. These results provide characterizations of some Stein quasigroups of small order and we give some further characterizations involving other identities.     

Galois theory, discriminants and torsion subgroup of elliptic curves

We find a tight relationship between the torsion subgroup and the image of the mod 2 Galois representation associated to an elliptic curve defined over the rationals. This is shown using some characterizations for the squareness of the discriminant of the elliptic curve.     

Flat topology and its dual aspects

In this article, a new and natural topology on the prime spectrum is introduced, which behaves completely as the dual of the Zariski topology. It is called the flat topology. The basic and also some sophisticated properties of the flat topology are proved. Specially, various algebraic characterizations for the noetherianess of the flat topology are given. Using the flat topology, then some facts on the structure of the prime ideals of a ring come to light which are not in the access of the Zariski topology.     

On fuzzy compact-open topology

The concept of fuzzy compact-open topology is introduced and some characterizations of this topology are discussed.     

A classification of CO spaces which are continuous images of compact ordered spaces

A topological space X is called a CO space, if every closed subset of X is homeomorphic to some clopen subset of X. Every ordinal with its order topology is a CO space. This work gives a complete classification of CO spaces which are continuous images of compact ordered spaces.     

偏序集上的测度拓扑与稠拓扑

In this paper,the concepts of the essential topology and the density topology of dcpos are generalized to the setting of general posets.Basic properties of the essential topology and relations with other intrinsic topologies are explored.Comparisons between the density topology and the measurement topology are made.Via the essential topology,the density topology and the measurement topology,we obtain properties and characterizations of bases of continuous posets.We also provide some new conditions for a continuous poset to be an algebraic poset.     

Kinematic formulas for finite lattices

In analogy to valuation characterizations and kinematic formulas of convex geometry, we develop a combinatorial theory of invariant valuations and kinematic formulas for finite lattices. Combinatorial kinematic formulas are shown to have application to some probabilistic questions, leading in turn to polynomial identities for Möbius functions and Whitney numbers.     

Partition relations for Hurewicz-type selection hypotheses

We give a general method to reduce Hurewicz-type selection hypotheses into standard ones. The method covers the known results of this kind and gives some new ones.Building on that, we show how to derive Ramsey theoretic characterizations for these selection hypotheses.     

Stable monotone variational inequalities

Variational inequalities associated with monotone operators (possibly nonlinear and multivalued) and convex sets (possibly unbounded) are studied in reflexive Banach spaces. A variety of results are given which relate to a stability concept involving a natural parameter. These include characterizations useful as criteria for stable existence of solutions and also several characterizations of surjectivity. The monotone complementarity problem is covered as a special case, and the results are sharpened for linear monotone complementarity and for generalized linear programming.Sponsored by the United States Army under Contract No. DAAG29-80-C-0041 at the University of Wisconsin - Madison and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMS-8405179 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.     

Prime ends for domains in metric spaces

In this paper we propose a new definition of prime ends for domains in metric spaces under rather general assumptions. We compare our prime ends to those of Carathéodory and Näkki. Modulus ends and prime ends, defined by means of the p$p$-modulus of curve families, are also discussed and related to the prime ends. We provide characterizations of singleton prime ends and relate them to the notion of accessibility of boundary points, and introduce a topology on the prime end boundary. We also study relations between the prime end boundary and the Mazurkiewicz boundary. Generalizing the notion of John domains, we introduce almost John domains, and we investigate prime ends in the settings of John domains, almost John domains and domains which are finitely connected at the boundary.     

关于对半层空间

利用对$g$-函数和半连续函数给出对半层空间的一些刻画, 并讨论了具有半层拓扑的拓扑序$C$-空间的对半层性.     

Generalized quotient topologies

A definition of a generalized quotient topology is given and some characterizations of this concept, up to generalized homeomorphisms, are furnished. For the first approach, we exhibit a monotonic map spanning that generalized quotient topology. We also prove that the notions of generalized normality and generalized compactness are preserved by those quotient structures.     

The Baire property in hit-and-miss hypertopologies

Recently, some techniques have been developed for the study of the Baire property in hyperspaces. These techniques have been applied to solve a long-standing open problem of McCoy in 1975 and a recent open problem of Zsilinszky. In this paper, we extend and apply these techniques further to investigate the Baire property of hyperspaces equipped with the general hit-and-miss topology.     

I-fuzzy拓扑中的几乎连续与δ-连续

在I-fuzzy拓扑空间框架下引入了I-fuzzy正则开集、I-fuzzyδ-开集等基本概念,进一步,在此基础上又给出了I-fuzzy几乎连续、I-fuzzyδ-连续的概念,且分别研究了I-fuzzy几乎连续、I-fuzzyδ-连续的基本性质.     

有界相容与Banach-Mackey性质

本文研究了有界相容不变性的问题.利用局部收敛的概念,给出了线性拓扑Tb的一些性质,由此获得了Banach-Mackey性质的若干新特征.     

Geometry of curves and surfaces through the contact map

We introduce a new approach to the study of affine equidistants and centre symmetry sets via a family of maps obtained by reflexion in the midpoints of chords of a submanifold of affine space. We apply this to surfaces in R³, previously studied by Giblin and Zakalyukin, and then apply the same ideas to surfaces in R⁴, elucidating some of the connexions between their geometry and the family of reflexion maps. We also point out some connexions with symplectic topology.     

The P-frame reflection of a completely regular frame

We show that every completely regular frame has a P-frame reflection. The proof is straightforward in the case of a Lindelöf frame, but more complicated in the general case. The chief obstacle to a simple proof is the important fact that a quotient of a P-frame need not be a P-frame, and we give an example of this.Our proof of the existence of the P-frame reflection in the general case is iterative, freely adding complements at each stage for the cozero elements of the stage before. The argument hinges on the significant fact that frame colimits preserve Lindelöf degree.We also outline the relationship between the P-frame reflection of a space X and the topology of the P-space coreflection of X. Although the former frame is generally much bigger than the latter, it is always the case that the P-space coreflection of X is the space of points of the P-frame reflection of the topology on X.