电磁力控制下圆柱绕流的涡度拟能

Okubo-Weiss函数与流元的容变、畸变以及涡量相关,可以用来评估流场的涡结构．经该文数学证明,对于边界无滑移的,低Reynolds数的二维不可压缩流动,Okubo-Weiss函数的全流场积分为0．还以电磁控制的圆柱绕流为例,通过数值计算,对该结论进行了验证．根据计算结果,依据Okubo-Weiss函数值,对流场进行了划分,讨论了总涡度拟能、总变形率和Okubo-Weiss函数在流场中的分布规律,以及电磁力对分布的影响．     

气固两相固射流场涡结构影响固粒扩散的研究

用三维离散涡丝方法模拟轴对称圆射流场涡结构的发展,所得结果在某个周向位置上与用二维点涡方法计算的结果符合较好。然后采用单向淹合模型模拟固粒在圆射流中的运动,说明当固粒Ｓｔ数远小于１时,固粒受流场的作用较明显,当Ｓｔ数为１时,固粒主要分布在涡结构的周围,分布较均匀;当Ｓｔ数远大于１时,固粒受流场的影响较弱,当对涡环沿周向施以五个波长的扰动时,固粒扩散的范围较宽,固粒的扩散与扰动的振幅成正比,中所得     

偏斜来流对圆柱跨声速绕流的影响

采用大涡模拟方法数值研究了偏斜角为60°的偏斜圆柱跨声速绕流.基于非偏斜圆柱跨声速绕流的实验和数值研究工作,来流Mach数取为0.75,Reynolds数取为2×105.通过与相同参数的非偏斜圆柱跨声速绕流对比,分析了偏斜来流对柱体受力和流动特性的影响.由于偏斜来流的流动控制,偏斜圆柱的阻力比非偏斜圆柱的阻力减小高达45%,而振荡力仅受到较小的抑制.偏斜圆柱流场的可压缩性被弱化,激波和小激波消失,而整体流动的模态未改变.偏斜来流使得偏斜圆柱后的剪切层变得更为稳定,进而提升柱体背压.在剪切层的初始发展阶段,剪切层的扰动涡斜脱泻模态和快速动能衰减是偏斜圆柱剪切层更为稳定的两个主要原因.     

二维气固两相混合层中固粒对流场影响的研究

采用双向耦合模型对含有固粒的二维气固两相混合层流场进行了研究。流场采用拟谱方法直接数值模拟,固粒采用颗粒-轨道模型,在考虑流场对固粒作用的同时,考虑固粒对流场的反作用。结果发现固粒的浓度和Stokes数对流场影响明显。固粒的作用使涡量扩散加快,并阻碍流场的变化,减弱了流场中拟序结构的强度,缩短涡的生存期;固粒在流场中的分布规律与单相耦合所得结果相似。     

气固两相圆射流场涡结构影响固粒扩散的研究

用三维离散涡丝方法模拟轴对称圆射流场涡结构的发展·所得结果在某个周向位置上与用二维点涡方法计算的结果符合较好·然后采用单向耦合模型模拟固粒在圆射流中的运动,说明当固粒Ｓｔ数远小于１时,固粒受流场的作用较明显,当Ｓｔ数为１时,固粒主要分布在涡结构的周围,分布较均匀;当Ｓｔ数远大于１时,固粒受流场的影响较弱·当对涡环沿周向施以五个波长的扰动时,固粒扩散的范围较宽·固粒的扩散与扰动的振幅成正比·文中所得结论与一些实验结果相符,对实际应用有指导意义     

漩涡合并过程中颗粒运动的数值模拟

漩涡合并不仅影响着流场的演化,还制约着颗粒相的运动．基于涡团分裂合并机制,以一种改进的涡核扩散方法(CCSVM)计算了二相流中的漩涡合并与演化,在此基础上采用单颗粒轨道模型计算、分析了漩涡合并过程中的颗粒运动轨迹．研究结果表明:漩涡合并过程中的颗粒轨迹是一条螺旋线,并且保持与漩涡相同的旋转方向,合并后的漩涡中心即为达到稳定状态后的环状颗粒群中心;合并时间与环量初始值、漩涡半径与涡心距比值的初始值有关;特定条件下,颗粒群中会生成一条拉伸的尾迹,尾迹的产生与黏度系数、颗粒与漩涡的相对位置、合并漩涡环量的不对称性有关．     

Re=3900的圆柱绕流湍流模拟对比研究

重点采用DDES和CLES研究基于Reynolds(雷诺)数3 900的圆柱绕流.大量已有实验和数值研究结果表明:圆柱后缘流动结构和回流区长度与数值空间离散格式息息相关.基于此考虑,选用了一个优化格式并通过典型的简单湍流流动和强激波流动验证了格式对多尺度结构和激波的捕捉能力.然后,分别采用DDES和CLES对基于Reynolds数3 900的圆柱进行数值模拟.通过对比圆柱表面压力分布、圆柱表面平均速度型和圆柱尾迹区的时均脉动量,发现CLES相比于DDES与实验值吻合更好.从瞬时流场来看,DDES和CLES都能捕捉丰富的流场结构,此外,CLES在物面附近区域包含更多微小脉动.最后,尽管CLES对时均脉动捕捉好于DDES,但是程序实现更加复杂.     

Re=3900的圆柱绕流湍流模拟对比研究（英文）

重点采用DDES和CLES研究基于Reynolds(雷诺)数3 900的圆柱绕流.大量已有实验和数值研究结果表明:圆柱后缘流动结构和回流区长度与数值空间离散格式息息相关.基于此考虑,选用了一个优化格式并通过典型的简单湍流流动和强激波流动验证了格式对多尺度结构和激波的捕捉能力.然后,分别采用DDES和CLES对基于Reynolds数3 900的圆柱进行数值模拟.通过对比圆柱表面压力分布、圆柱表面平均速度型和圆柱尾迹区的时均脉动量,发现CLES相比于DDES与实验值吻合更好.从瞬时流场来看,DDES和CLES都能捕捉丰富的流场结构,此外,CLES在物面附近区域包含更多微小脉动.最后,尽管CLES对时均脉动捕捉好于DDES,但是程序实现更加复杂.     

速度-涡量法数值求解具有表面吹吸圆柱的绕流问题

用速度-涡量法数值求解了具有表面吹吸圆柱的绕流问题.所得高阶隐式差分方程,采用以修正的不完全LU分解作预处理器的共轭梯度法(MILU-CG),高效解出.研究了雷诺数Re=100时,各种吹吸位置、吹吸强度对圆柱尾流涡旋结构和阻力、升力系数的影响规律.指出,在圆柱肩部的吸气和在圆柱尾部的吹气,可有效地抑制尾流涡旋结构在垂直来流方向上的非对称性,达到减小升力的目的.对在圆柱肩部吸气的情形,合适选择吸气强度,还可有效减小圆柱在来流方向上所受的阻力.     

基于高阶空间精度格式和嵌套网格对旋翼尾迹捕捉的改进

发展了一种基于高阶迎风格式和嵌套网格捕捉直升机悬停旋翼涡尾迹的方法．无粘通量采用Roe Reimann求解器,使用改进的5阶加权基本无振荡(WENO)格式对交界面左右状态进行高阶插值,并与MUSCL插值进行比较．为便于捕捉尾迹和实施周期性边界条件,计算采用结构嵌套网格,其中高质量的旋翼网格完全嵌套于背景网格中．当解达到近似收敛后在桨尖涡分布区域对背景网格进行加密,如此经过3次得到优化的背景网格．考虑到WENO格式插值的特点,提出了搜索3层洞边界和人工外边界的方法以便插值的直接进行．用该方法对一跨音速和一亚音速悬停旋翼粘性流场进行了数值计算．数值结果表明:所发展方法对涡尾迹具有很高的捕捉能力;与MUSCL格式相比,WENO格式具有较低的数值耗散．     

Hydrodynamics of a particle impact on a wall

The problem of a particle impacting on a wall, a common phenomenon in particle-laden flows in the minerals and process industries, is investigated computationally using a spectral-element method with the grid adjusting to the movement of the particle towards the wall. Remeshing is required at regular intervals to avoid problems associated with mesh distortion and the constantly reducing maximum time-step associated with integration of the non-linear convective terms of the Navier–Stokes equations. Accurate interpolation between meshes is achieved using the same high-order interpolation employed by the spectral-element flow solver. This approach allows the full flow evolution to be followed from the initial approach, through impact and afterwards as the flow relaxes. The method is applied to the generic two-dimensional and three-dimensional bluff body geometries, the circular cylinder and the sphere. The principal case reported here is that of a particle colliding normally with a wall and sticking. For the circular cylinder, non-normal collisions are also considered. The impacts are studied for moderate Reynolds numbers up to approximately 1200. A cylindrical body impacting on a wall produces two vortices from its wake that convect away from the cylinder along the wall before stalling while lifting induced wall vorticity into the main flow. The situation for a sphere impact is similar, except in this case a vortex ring is formed from the wake vorticity. Again, secondary vorticity from the wall and particle plays a role. At higher Reynolds number, the secondary vorticity tends to form a semi-annular structure encircling the primary vortex core. At even higher Reynolds numbers, the secondary annular structure fragments into semi-discrete structures, which again encircle and orbit the primary core. Vorticity fields and passive tracer particles are used to characterize the interaction of the vortical structures. The evolution of the pressure and viscous drag coefficients during a collision are provided for a typical sphere impact. For a Reynolds number greater than approximately 1000 for a sphere and 400 for a cylinder, the primary vortex core produced by the impacting body undergoes a short-wavelength instability in the azimuthal/spanwise direction. Experimental visualisation using dye carried out in water is presented to validate the predictions.     

MILU-CG方法和绕旋转圆柱流动的数值研究

本文采用以修正的不完全LU分解作预处理器的共轭梯度法(MILU-CG),结合高阶隐式差分格式,改进了作者(1992)提出的基于区域分解、有限差分法与涡法杂交的数值方法(HDV).系统地研究了雷诺数Re=1000,200,旋转速度比α∈(0.5,3.25)范围内,绕旋转圆柱从突然起动到充分发展,长时间内尾流旋涡结构和阻力、升力系数的变化规律.计算所得流线与实验流场显示相比,完全吻合.首次揭示了临界状态时的旋涡结构特性,并指出最佳升阻比就在该状态附近得到.     

Numerical exploration of new features on three-dimensional transition of a cylinder wake

The three-dimensional transition of the wake flow behind a circular cylinder is studied in detail by direct numerical simulations using 3D incompressible N-S equations for Reynolds number ranging from 200 to 300. New features and vortex dynamics of the 3D transition of the wake are found and investigated. At Re = 200, the flow pattern is characterized by mode A instability. However, the spanwise characteristic length of the cylinder determines the transition features. Particularly for the specific spanwise charac-     

Magnetic field effects on Newtonian and non-Newtonian ferrofluid flow past a circular cylinder

The changes in the flow properties under the action of electromagnetic body forces are investigated numerically for ferrofluid flow past a circular cylinder. Ferrofluid is modeled as both a Newtonian and a non-Newtonian Power-Law fluid. Magnetic forces are applied by placing magnets at different locations on the surface of the cylinder. The magnetostatic effects on the structure of the wake region, on drag reduction and on vortex formation length and frequency are shown and compared in terms of Reynolds number, interaction parameter, Power-Law index and magnet location. It is shown that the increase in the interaction parameter reduces drag for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian model. This decrease is observed to be higher for shear thinning and lower for shear thickening fluid compared to Newtonian case. It is also shown that vortex street formation in the wake region behind the cylinder may be delayed under high magnetic effects. The Strouhal number is higher for shear thinning case at both low and high Reynolds numbers, and lower for shear thickening case at high Reynolds numbers, compared to Newtonian fluid. The vortex formation frequency also decreases under the action of the magnetic field in all cases, however the vortex formation length increases. Placing the magnet towards the front region of the cylinder increases considerably the drag coefficient for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian model. This increase in drag coefficient is higher in the shear thinning fluid and lower in the shear thickening fluid compared to the Newtonian case.     

Simulation of the flow past a circular cylinder using an unsteady panel method

In the present work, an in-house UnSteady Double Wake Model (USDWM) is developed for simulating general flow problems behind bodies. The model is presented and used to simulate flows past a circular cylinder at subcritical, supercritical, and transcritical flows. The flow model is a two-dimensional panel method which uses the unsteady double wake technique to model flow separation and its dynamics. In the present work the separation location is obtained from experimental data and fixed in time. The highly unsteady flow field behind the cylinder is analyzed in detail. The results are compared with experiments and Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) simulations and show good agreement in terms of the vortex shedding characteristics, drag, and pressure coefficients for the different flow regimes.     

风力机叶尖涡尾迹结构PIV测量研究

空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所依托工程型大风洞（实验段直径3.2 m）,采用高分辨率CCD相机（4 008像素×2 672像素）,针对旋转状态下的风力机叶片尾流开展大视场（单个观测区域达到570 mm×380 mm）PIV(particle image velocimetry)测量,以NREL UAE Phase Ⅵ风力机叶片1/8缩比模型为实验对象,获取了叶尖涡产生、发展的流动数据,为研究风力机叶尖涡结构和流动机理研究提供重要的基础数据．观测结果表明,叶尖涡从后缘脱落后首先有一个短时间的向内运动,然后随着尾流的膨胀向外运动,其涡强度则先是短时间内降低,然后随着涡的卷起而增强,从而形成一个强大的叶尖涡．在实验观察范围内叶尖涡在来流方向的迁移规律近似线性．     

Stream-vorticity NS equation ADI scheme to investigate properties of impulsively started translatory flows around the rotational circular cylinder without wall vorticity conditions

The properties of flow around a circular cylinder impulsively started into translatory and, rotatory motion with rotational parameter a less than or equal to 8.0 and Reynolds number Re=100 and 200 are investigated in the present paper. The vorticity and stream function N-S equations are adopted here, with a 2nd-order spatial and temporal accuracy ADI (alternating direction implicit) scheme. Moreover the wall vorticity obtain through the principle of conservation of the total computational domain vorticity is determined by domain vorticity and stream function, therefore, through the wall vorticity iteration, the wall vorticity condition is not fixed during the time step. And the present model results indicate: (1) when α>4.0, vortex street suppression is obvious for the computational period (t<60) for all the Re numbers here studied; (2) the higher the αnumber for the same Reynolds number, the slower the upper main vortex proceeds; (3) the maximum instantaneous transverse coefficient exceeds the limitation 4π.     

A numerical study on statistical temporal scales in inertia particle dispersion

The statistical temporal scales involved in inertia particle dispersion are analyzed numerically. The numerical method of large eddy simulation, solving a filtered Navier-Stokes equation, is utilized to calculate fully developed turbulent channel flows with Reynolds numbers of 180 and 640, and the particle Lagrangian trajectory method is employed to track inertia particles released into the flow fields. The Lagrangian and Eulerian temporal scales are obtained statistically for fluid tracer particles and three different inertia particles with Stokes numbers of 1, 10 and 100. The Eulerian temporal scales, decreasing with the velocity of advection from the wall to the channel central plane, are smaller than the Lagrangian ones. The Lagrangian temporal scales of inertia particles increase with the particle Stokes number. The Lagrangian temporal scales of the fluid phase ‘seen’ by inertia particles are separate from those of the fluid phase, where inertia particles travel in turbulent vortices, due to the particle inertia and particle trajectory crossing effects. The effects of the Reynolds number on the integral temporal scales are also discussed. The results are worthy of use in examining and developing engineering prediction models of particle dispersion.