A three-dimensional nonlinear system with a single heteroclinic trajectory

The study for singular trajectories of three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear systems is one of recent main interests. To the best of our knowledge, among the study for most of Lorenz or Lorenz-like systems, a pair of symmetric heteroclinic trajectories is always found due to the symmetry of those systems. Whether or not does there exist a 3D system that possesses a single heteroclinic trajectory? In the present note, based on a known Lorenz-type system, we introduce such a 3D nonlinear system with two cubic terms and one quadratic term to possess a single heteroclinic trajectory. To show its characters, we respectively use the center manifold theory, bifurcation theory, Lyapunov function and so on, to systematically analyse its complex dynamics, mainly for the distribution of its equilibrium points, the local stability, the expression of locally unstable manifold, the Hopf bifurcation, the invariant algebraic surface, and its homoclinic and heteroclinic trajectories, etc. One of the major results of this work is to rigorously prove that the proposed system has a single heteroclinic trajectory under some certain parameters. This kind of interesting phenomenon has not been previously reported in the Lorenz system family (because the huge amount of related research work always presents a pair of heteroclinic trajectories due to the symmetry of studied systems). What"s more key, not like most of Lorenz-type or Lorenz-like systems with singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles and chaotic attractors, the new proposed system has neither singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles nor chaotic attractors observed. Thus, this work represents an enriching contribution to the understanding of the dynamics of Lorenz attractor.     

Hopf Bifurcation and new singular orbits coined in a Lorenz-like system

We seize some new dynamics of a Lorenz-like system: $\dot{x} = a(y - x)$, \quad $\dot{y} = dy - xz$, \quad $\dot{z} = - bz + fx^{2} + gxy$, such as for the Hopf bifurcation, the behavior of non-isolated equilibria, the existence of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles and homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits. In particular, our new discovery is that the system has also two heteroclinic orbits for $bg = 2a(f + g)$ and $a > d > 0$ other than known $bg > 2a(f + g)$ and $a > d > 0$, whose proof is completely different from known case. All the theoretical results obtained are also verified by numerical simulations.     

Dynamical analysis of a new autonomous 3-D chaotic system only with stable equilibria

This paper presents a new 3-D autonomous chaotic system, which is topologically non-equivalent to the original Lorenz and all Lorenz-like systems. Of particular interest is that the chaotic system can generate double-scroll chaotic attractors in a very wide parameter domain with only two stable equilibria. The existence of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles for a suitable choice of the parameters is investigated. Periodic solutions and chaotic attractors can be found when these cycles disappear. Finally, the complicated dynamics are studied by virtue of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and Lyapunov exponents spectrum. The obtained results clearly show that the chaotic system deserves further detailed investigation.     

A four-wing chaotic attractor generated from a new 3-D quadratic autonomous system

This paper introduces a new 3-D quadratic autonomous system, which can generate two coexisting single-wing chaotic attractors and a pair of diagonal double-wing chaotic attractors. More importantly, the system can generate a four-wing chaotic attractor with very complicated topological structures over a large range of parameters. Some basic dynamical behaviors and the compound structure of the new 3-D system are investigated. Detailed bifurcation analysis illustrates the evolution processes of the system among two coexisting sinks, two coexisting periodic orbits, two coexisting single-wing chaotic attractors, major and minor diagonal double-wing chaotic attractors, and a four-wing chaotic attractor. Poincaré-map analysis shows that the system has extremely rich dynamics. The physical existence of the four-wing chaotic attractor is verified by an electronic circuit. Finally, spectral analysis shows that the system has an extremely broad frequency bandwidth, which is very desirable for engineering applications such as secure communications.     

Nonlinear analysis of a novel three-scroll chaotic system

This paper reports the nonlinear dynamics of a novel three-scroll chaotic system. The local stability of hyperbolic equilibrium and non-hyperbolic equilibrium are investigated by using center manifold theorem. Pitchfork bifurcation, degenerate pitchfork bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation are analyzed when the parameters are varied in the space of parameter. For a suitable choice of the parameters, the existence of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles and Hopf bifurcation without parameters are also investigated. Some numerical simulations are given to support the analytic results.     

Complex dynamic behaviors of a discrete-time predator-prey system

The dynamics of a discrete-time predator-prey system is investigated in detail in this paper. It is shown that the system undergoes flip bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Furthermore, Marotto''s chaos is proved when some certain conditions are satisfied. Numerical simulations are presented not only to illustrate our results with the theoretical analysis, but also to exhibit the complex dynamical behaviors, such as the period-6, 7, 8, 10, 14, 18, 24, 36, 50 orbits, attracting invariant cycles, quasi-periodic orbits, nice chaotic behaviors which appear and disappear suddenly, coexisting chaotic attractors, etc. These results reveal far richer dynamics of the discrete-time predator-prey system. Specifically, we have stabilized the chaotic orbits at an unstable fixed point using the feedback control method.     

Some new insights into a known Chen‐like system

In the paper entitled ‘A novel chaotic system and its topological horseshoe’ in [Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 18 (1) (2013) 66–77], proposed the 3D chaotic system, , and discussed some of its dynamics according to theoretical and numerical analysis of its parameters . The present work is devoted to giving some new insights into the system for b≥0. Combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, some new results are formulated. On the one hand, after some known errors, mainly the distribution of its equilibrium point which is pointed out, correct results are formulated. On the other hand, some of its more rich dynamical properties hiding and not found previously, such as the stability, fold bifurcation, pitchfork bifurcation, degenerated pitchfork bifurcation, and Hopf bifurcation of its isolated equilibria, the dynamics of non‐isolated equilibria, the singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycle, the heteroclinic orbit, and the dynamics at infinity are clearly revealed. Using these results, one can easily explain those interesting phenomena for invariant Lyapunov exponent spectrum and amplitude control that are presented in the known literature. What is more important, we probably demonstrate a new route to chaos. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonlinear analysis in a Lorenz-like system

In this paper we study the nonlinear dynamics of a Lorenz-like system. More precisely, we study the stability and bifurcations which occur in a new three parameter quadratic chaotic system. We also study the existence of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles for a suitable choice of the parameters. As a consequence we show the existence of chaotic attractors when these cycles disappear.     

指数二分性与自治奇摄动系统的退化同宿分支

利用指数二分性理论和泛函分析方法，我们研究了自治奇摄动系统的同，异宿轨道的存在性，给出了高维奇摄动系统从退化系统分支出同异宿轨道的Ｍｅｌ－ｎｉｋｏｖ型函数。     

Existence of heteroclinic orbits of the Shil'nikov type in a 3D quadratic autonomous chaotic system

In this paper, the existence of heteroclinic orbits of Shil'nikov type in a three-dimensional quadratic autonomous system is proved. Four heteroclinic orbits and four critical points together constitute two cycles simultaneously. The dynamical behaviors of the system are also studied.     

Anti-control of Hopf bifurcation in the new chaotic system with two stable node-foci

In order to further understand a complex 3D dynamical system showing strange chaotic attractors with two stable node-foci near Hopf bifurcation point, we propose nonlinear control scheme to the system and the controlled system, depending on five parameters, can exhibit codimension one, two, and three Hopf bifurcations in a much larger parameter regain. The control strategy used keeps the equilibrium structure of the chaotic system and can be applied to degenerate Hopf bifurcation at the desired location with preferred stability.     

Dynamics of a new Lorenz-like chaotic system

The present work is devoted to giving new insights into a new Lorenz-like chaotic system. The local dynamical entities, such as the number of equilibria, the stability of the hyperbolic equilibria and the stability of the non-hyperbolic equilibrium obtained by using the center manifold theorem, the pitchfork bifurcation and the degenerate pitchfork bifurcation, Hopf bifurcations and the local manifold character, are all analyzed when the parameters are varied in the space of parameters. The existence of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of the system is also rigorously studied. More exactly, for $b\ge 2a>0$ and $c>0$, we prove that the system has no homoclinic orbit but has two and only two heteroclinic orbits.     

On the Bifurcations of a Hamiltonian Having Three Homoclinic Loops under Z3 Invariant Quintic Perturbations

A cubic system having three homoclinic loops perturbed by Z3 invariant quintic polynomials is considered. By applying the qualitative method of differential equations and the numeric computing method, the Hopf bifurcation, homoclinic loop bifurcation and heteroclinic loop bifurcation of the above perturbed system are studied. It is found that the above system has at least 12 limit cycles and the distributions of limit cycles are also given.     

Melnikov向量与退化情形下的横截异宿轨道

利用指数二分性和泛函分析方法,我们研究了当未扰动系统不具有异宿流形的退化异宿分支.我们利用Melnikov型向量给出了系统在退化情形下的横截异宿轨道存在的充分条件.     

Versal unfoldings of predator-prey systems with ratio-dependent functional response

In this paper we study the versal unfolding of a predator-prey system with ratio-dependent functional response near a degenerate equilibrium in order to obtain all possible phase portraits for its perturbations. We first construct the unfolding and prove its versality and degeneracy of codimension 2. Then we discuss all its possible bifurcations, including transcritical bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, and heteroclinic bifurcation, give conditions of parameters for the appearance of closed orbits and heteroclinic loops, and describe the bifurcation curves. Phase portraits for all possible cases are presented.     

Bifurcation analysis of a Leslie-type predator–prey system with simplified Holling type IV functional response and strong Allee effect on prey

In this paper, a Leslie-type predator–prey system with simplified Holling type IV functional response and strong Allee effect on prey is proposed. The dissipativity of the system and the existence of all possible equilibria are investigated. The investigation emphasizes the exploring of bifurcation. It is shown that the system exists several non-hyperbolic positive equilibria, such as a weak focus of multiplicities one and two, (degenerate) saddle–nodes and Bogdanov–Takens singularities (cusp case) of codimensions 2 and 3. At these equilibria, it is proved that the system undergoes various kinds of bifurcations, such as saddle–node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, degenerate Hopf bifurcation and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of codimensions 2 and 3. With the parameters selected properly, there exhibits a limit cycle, a homoclinic loop, two limit cycles, a semistable limit cycle, or the simultaneous occurrence of a homoclinic loop and a limit cycle in the system. Moreover, it is also proved that the system has a cusp of codimension at least 4. Hence, there may exist three limit cycles generated from Hopf bifurcation of codimension 3. Numerical simulations are done to support the theoretical results.     

A hyperchaotic system from the Rabinovich system

This paper presents a new 4D hyperchaotic system which is constructed by a linear controller to the 3D Rabinovich chaotic system. Some complex dynamical behaviors such as boundedness, chaos and hyperchaos of the 4D autonomous system are investigated and analyzed. A theoretical and numerical study indicates that chaos and hyperchaos are produced with the help of a Liénard-like oscillatory motion around a hypersaddle stationary point at the origin. The corresponding bounded hyperchaotic and chaotic attractors are first numerically verified through investigating phase trajectories, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation path and Poincaré projections. Finally, two complete mathematical characterizations for 4D Hopf bifurcation are rigorously derived and studied.     

The evolution of a novel four-dimensional autonomous system: Among 3-torus, limit cycle, 2-torus, chaos and hyperchaos

In this paper, a novel four-dimensional autonomous system in which each equation contains a quadratic cross-product term is constructed. It exhibits extremely rich dynamical behaviors, including 3-tori (triple tori), 2-tori (quasi-periodic), limit cycles (periodic), chaotic and hyperchaotic attractors. In particular, we observe 3-torus phenomena, which have been rarely reported in four-dimensional autonomous systems in previous work. With the parameter r varying in quite a wide range, the evolution process of the system begins from 3-tori, and after going through a series of periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic attractors in so many different shapes coming into being alternately, it evolves into hyperchaos, finally it degenerates to periodic attractor. Moreover, when the system is hyperchaotic, its two positive Lyapunov exponents are much larger than those of the hyperchaotic systems already reported, especially the largest Lyapunov exponents. We also observe a chaotic attractor of a very special shape. The complex dynamical behaviors of the system are further investigated by means of Lyapunov exponents spectrum, bifurcation diagram and phase portraits.     

Complex dynamics in a discrete-time predator-prey system without Allee effect

In this paper, complex dynamics of the discrete-time predator-prey system without Allee effect are investigated in detail. Conditions of the existence for flip bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation are derived by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory and checked up by numerical simulations. Chaos, in the sense of Marotto, is also proved by both analytical and numerical methods. Numerical simulations included bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits, fractal dimensions display new and richer dynamics behaviors. More specifically, this paper presents the finding of period-one orbit, period-three orbits, and chaos in the sense of Marotto, complete period-doubling bifurcation and invariant circle leading to chaos with a great abundance period-windows, simultaneous occurrance of two different routes (invariant circle and inverse period- doubling bifurcation, and period-doubling bifurcation and inverse period-doubling bifurcation) to chaos for a given bifurcation parameter, period doubling bifurcation with period-three orbits to chaos, suddenly appearing or disappearing chaos, different kind of interior crisis, nice chaotic attractors, coexisting (2,3,4) chaotic sets, non-attracting chaotic set, and so on, in the discrete-time predator-prey system. Combining the existing results in the current literature with the new results reported in this paper, a more complete understanding is given of the discrete-time predator-prey systems with Allee effect and without Allee effect.     

一类余维3的鞍-焦点异宿环分支

对余维3系统X_μ(x)具有包含一个双曲鞍-焦点O_1和一个非双曲鞍-焦点O_2的异宿环f进行了研究.证明了在f的邻域内有可数无穷条周期轨线和异宿轨线,当非粗糙异宿轨线Γ~0破裂时X_μ(x)会产生同宿轨分支,并给出了相应的分支曲线和两种同宿环共存的参数值.在3参数扰动下Γ~0破裂和O_2点产生Hopf分支的情况下,在f的邻域内有一条含O_1点同宿环,可数无效多条的轨线同宿于O_2点分支出的闭轨H_0,一条或无穷多条(可数或连续统的)异宿轨线等.