共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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在本刊1992年第三期作者曾发表了也谈“无穷多个无穷小之积”一文.该文通过构造的一组实例说明;无论是在x→∞ 时或是在x→x_0 时,无穷多个非0无穷小之积可能是该过程中的无穷小;也可能无穷大;也可能是以任一实数为极限的变量,还可能无极限.从而说它是不定式. 相似文献
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一般的微积分教材 ,是这样定义高阶与低阶无穷小的 :设在同一变化过程中 ,α,β是无穷小量 ,若1° lim βα=0 ,就说 β是比 α高阶的无穷小 ;2° lim βα=∞ ,就说 β是比 α低阶的无穷小 .对此 ,不少人认为 2°是多余的 ,以为β是比α高阶的无穷小 ,就意味着α是比β低阶的无穷小 ,将 1°、 2°合并为一条 .果真 ,近年来有些高等数学教材 ,就是用 1°一条来定义 β是比 α高阶的无穷小 (或说 α是比 β低阶的无穷小 ) .笔者认为这是值得商榷的 ,因为无穷小的比较 ,首先是指无穷小的比 ,这样 ,β是比α高阶的无穷小未必有α是比β的低阶… 相似文献
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等价无穷小代换在求极限过程中的应用 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
等价无穷小代换是一种很灵活的求极限方法。如果用来替换的无穷小选择恰当的话 ,可以使计算简化。但替换中要严格遵守无穷小替换法则 ,即定理 1 在自变量同一变化过程中 ,设 α~ α′,β~ β′,且 limβ′α′存在 ,则 lim βα=limβ′α′证明见 [1 ]。定理 1说明 ,无穷小替换只能在积商运算中使用。其实不然 ,等价无穷小代换也能在多项式无穷小之比时使用。例 1 求 limx→ 0x-sin2 xx+sin2 x解 原式 =limx→ 0x-2 xx+2 x=-13例 2 求 limx→ 0tanx-sinxx3解 原式 =limx→ 0x-xx3=0例 1正确 ,但例 2错误。事实上 ,limx→ 0tanx -sin… 相似文献
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对文[6]提出的质疑给出回答,表明由于不同的无穷小量趋近于0的速度有快有慢,因此无穷多个无穷小量的乘积∏∞k=1{x_n~(k)}∞n=1,有可能不是无穷小量(其中对每个正整数k,{x_n~(k)}_(n=1)~∞表示极限为0的数列),而验证∏∞k=1{x_n~(k)}∞n=1是否是无穷多个无穷小量的乘积,只需验证对每个正整数k,当n→+∞时,{x_n~(k))_(n=1)~∞是否趋近于0,而无需考虑函数列{{x_n~(k)}_(n=1)~∞}_(k=1)~∞的极限limk→∞x_n~(k)是不是无穷小量.进而,对无穷多个无穷小量的乘积是无穷小量或不是无穷小量给出了一些充分条件, 相似文献
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The ring of Fermat reals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paolo Giordano 《Advances in Mathematics》2010,225(4):2050-2075
We give the definition of the ring of Fermat reals, a simple extension of the real field containing nilpotent infinitesimals. The construction takes inspiration from smooth infinitesimal analysis, but provides a powerful theory of actual infinitesimals without any need of a background in mathematical logic. In particular it is consistent with classical logic. We face the problem to decide if the product of powers of nilpotent infinitesimals is zero or not, the identity principle for polynomials, the characterization of invertible elements and some applications to Taylor's formulas. 相似文献
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利用微分中值定理和L’Hospital法则证明含有变上限积分的等价无穷小代换问题,并提供两个实例作为应用. 相似文献
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The ring of Fermat reals is an extension of the real field containing nilpotent infinitesimals, and represents an alternative to Synthetic Differential Geometry in classical logic. In the present paper, our first aim is to study this ring by using standard topological and algebraic structures. We present the Fermat topology, generated by a complete pseudo-metric, and the omega topology, generated by a complete metric. The first one is closely related to the differentiation of (non-standard) smooth functions defined on open sets of Fermat reals. The second one is connected to the differentiation of smooth functions defined on infinitesimal sets. Subsequently, we prove that every (proper) ideal is a set of infinitesimals whose order is less than or equal to some real number. Finally, we define and study roots of infinitesimals. A computer implementation as well as an application to infinitesimal Taylor formulas with fractional derivatives are presented. 相似文献
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将二重变上限积分看作是一类特殊的一元诱导函数,本文给出了两种二重变上限积分的定义方式,分别对积分限和被积函数做相应的等价无穷小量替换.在一定的条件下,替换后的二重变上限积分与替换前的二重变上限积分是等价无穷小,从而得到一类求极限的方法,并给出了应用实例. 相似文献
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Alpha-theory: An elementary axiomatics for nonstandard analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The methods of nonstandard analysis are presented in elementary terms by postulating a few natural properties for an infinite “ideal” number . The resulting axiomatic system, including a formalization of an interpretation of Cauchy's idea of infinitesimals, is related to the existence of ultrafilters with special properties, and is independent of ZFC. The Alpha-Theory supports the feeling that technical notions such as superstructure, ultrapower and the transfer principle are definitely not needed in order to carry out calculus with actual infinitesimals. 相似文献
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Rash Saleh Rahma Sadat Magda Kassem 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2020,43(4):1775-1787
We explored and specialized new Lie infinitesimals for the (3 + 1)-dimensional B-Kadomtsev-Petviashvii (BKP) using the commutation product, which results a system of nonlinear ODEs manually solved. Through two stages of Lie symmetry reduction, (3 + 1)-dimensional BKP equation is reduced to nonsolvable nonlinear ODEs using various combinations of optimal Lie vectors. Using the integration and Riccati equation methods, we investigate new analytical solutions for these ODEs. Back substituting to the original variables generates new solutions for BKP. Some selected solutions illustrated through three-dimensional plots. 相似文献
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