飞艇姿态跟踪系统的研究

研究了具有参数不确定和外部干扰的飞艇姿态跟踪控制问题．飞艇姿态运动的数学模型为一个多输入/多输出不确定非线性系统,根据该系统的特点,采用了一个基于不确定项上界的鲁棒输出跟踪控制器设计方法,应用输入/输出反馈线性化法和李雅普诺夫方法,设计了飞艇姿态鲁棒控制律,它可确保系统输出按指数规律跟踪期望输出．该控制器设计简单,易于实现．仿真结果表明:即使系统存在不确定性和外界干扰,仍可在闭环系统中实现精确的姿态控制．     

卫星编队飞行轨道和姿态控制研究

卫星编队飞行是一种卫星应用的新概念,通过一系列造价更便宜的小卫星的分布式合作,代替大卫星实现复杂功能．在编队飞行一些应用中,要求受控卫星对目标卫星保持要求的相对位置和姿态以观察目标卫星的特定面,特别的,目标卫星可能是失效的．研究在近地轨道如何控制追踪星在失效的目标卫星附近飞行以追踪目标卫星特定面 的问题,给出了相对姿态和一阶近似的相对轨道动力学方程．基于线性反馈和Liapunov稳定性理论设计了控制策略．进一步的,考虑目标卫星转动惯量的不确定性,通过自适应控制的方法,获得正确的转动惯量比率．数值仿真算例验证了该控制方法的有效性．     

输入饱和受限的多个四旋翼飞行器分布式编队控制

研究了多个四旋翼飞行器在主从结构下的分布式同步协调编队控制问题.基于反步法的设计思想,文章提出了一种有界的分布式一致性控制算法,以保证满足输入饱和受限条件.首先,对于位置控制子系统,基于比例微分控制和一致性理论,设计了一种多个四旋翼飞行器的协调编队控制律,来使所有的四旋翼飞行器都可以向领导者收敛,并沿着理想的编队轨迹运动.针对位置系统设计的分布式一致控制律将为姿态控制子系统的参考姿态输入信息.其次,针对基于四元数描述的姿态控制子系统,设计了一种饱和的全局姿态跟踪控制律,可以使飞行器跟踪上所期望的姿态.最后,通过数值仿真来验证所提方法的有效性.     

Serret-Frenet坐标系下AUV自适应路径跟踪控制

考虑自治水下机器人(AUV)在水平面运动状况,针对路径跟踪控制问题,为了简化控制器推导过程,引入Serret-Frenet坐标系,并在此坐标系下建立路径跟踪误差系统;路径上的虚拟参考目标点不是距离AUV的最近点,从而放宽了控制器设计的初始条件限制;同时考虑速度规划指标并采用视线角导航,使得AUV实现有经验的舵手操舵行为.该方法充分考虑了AUV动态系统中大量参数时变的特性,对于系统内部参数变化、不确定性以及外部干扰具有很强的鲁棒性.     

一类具有有界扰动的非线性系统的输出反馈自适应控制

该文考虑一类具有有界干扰和未知参数的非线性系统（１）,设计出一种用于输出跟踪的输出反馈鲁棒自适应控制器。该控制器能保证闭环系统的全局稳定性,并且解决了ε－跟踪问题。仿真结果表明,所设计的自适应控制器具有良好的跟踪性能。     

具有控制输入约束的轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪最优保性能控制

针对考虑模型不确定性因素影响及控制输入约束的轮式移动机器人的轨迹跟踪问题,文章提出了一种具有控制输入约束的轨迹跟踪最优保性能控制器.依据实际机器人与虚拟机器人的相对位姿关系建立轨迹跟踪误差动态模型.采用平衡点线性化方法将非线性形式的轨迹跟踪误差动态模型转换为线性形式的轨迹跟踪误差动态模型.通过线性矩阵不等式处理方法,给出了具有鲁棒性能上界的最优保性能控制器的存在条件及设计方法.仿真及实验结果表明,文章所提控制器能较好抑制模型不确定性的影响,提高移动机器人的轨迹跟踪性能和鲁棒性.     

轮式移动舞台机器人双模模型预测控制北大核心CSCD

针对轮式移动舞台机器人的快速镇定和移动区域约束控制问题,提出一种快速双模模型预测控制(MPC)算法.考虑轮式移动舞台机器人的位姿约束和速度约束,采用控制Lyapunov函数概念和极坐标系模型设计模型预测控制算法.利用移动舞台机器人与目标的距离、瞄准角和方位角构造一个控制Lyapunov函数,建立移动舞台机器人的一个解析双模结构MPC控制器,再引入自由变量,参数化预测控制变量,降低双模MPC在线优化计算量.在约束条件下,建立了轮式移动舞台机器人闭环系统稳定性和MPC递推可行性理论结果.最后,通过与常规MPC比较,仿真验证所提算法的有效性和优越性.     

基于Gauss伪谱法的欠驱动航天器姿态优化控制

现代航天器一般可以通过三正交反作用动量飞轮对其进行姿态机动控制并任意定位.研究了当其中某一个动量飞轮失效而不能输出完整三轴控制力矩时的欠驱动航天器姿态优化控制问题.在系统动量矩等于零时,其姿态控制问题可以转化为无漂移系统的非完整运动规划问题.采用Gauss伪谱法(GPM)将带有两个反作用动量飞轮的航天器姿态非完整运动规划问题转换为非线性规划问题(NLP),再通过SQP(sequential quadratic programming)算法求解.通过数值仿真、优化控制能达到设计的零边界控制要求,方便伺服电机对动量飞轮的控制;规划得到的姿态曲线与数值积分得到的曲线几乎完全重叠;权衡最终的优化目标值、运行时间和精度三因素找到合适的插值配点个数;结果表明了该方法对欠驱动航天器的姿态优化控制是有效的.     

航天器逼近自由翻滚目标的自适应相对运动控制

研究含有模型不确定性且受未知外干扰的追踪航天器自主逼近空间中一自由翻滚目标的6自由度(6DOF)相对运动控制问题.首先在追踪器本体系中建立了非线性耦合的6DOF相对运动模型,并将其化为关于追踪器和目标器未知惯性参数和追踪器未知推力偏心距的参数化形式.再基于该参数化模型设计了一种自适应非线性控制器,其中利用基于投影的自适应算法保证了在线估计参数的有界性.所设计的自适应控制器不仅显著减少了系统在线估计的参数数量,且能保证6DOF闭环系统的位置和姿态误差收敛到原点的小邻域内.仿真算例验证了所提出控制器的有效性.     

轮式移动舞台机器人双模模型预测控制

针对轮式移动舞台机器人的快速镇定和移动区域约束控制问题,提出一种快速双模模型预测控制(MPC)算法.考虑轮式移动舞台机器人的位姿约束和速度约束,采用控制Lyapunov函数概念和极坐标系模型设计模型预测控制算法.利用移动舞台机器人与目标的距离、瞄准角和方位角构造一个控制Lyapunov函数,建立移动舞台机器人的一个解析双模结构MPC控制器,再引入自由变量,参数化预测控制变量,降低双模MPC在线优化计算量.在约束条件下,建立了轮式移动舞台机器人闭环系统稳定性和MPC递推可行性理论结果.最后,通过与常规MPC比较,仿真验证所提算法的有效性和优越性.     

坦克炮控伺服系统的自适应鲁棒控制研究

针对一类坦克炮控伺服系统,充分考虑系统中的未知齿隙非线性及摩擦非线性,将这些未知非线性的影响表示成有界扰动项与未知非线性动态项之和,借助ARC(自适应鲁棒控制)的思想设计控制器,当未知非线性动态项为零时,控制器即为自适应控制器,保持系统稳定的同时实现对参考信号的精确跟踪,而当系统存在未知非线性动态项时,控制器具有很好的鲁棒性,保持系统所有信号有界的同时实现对参考信号的误差跟踪,且跟踪误差可以由设计参数的取值设定来任意调节,与现有结果相比,控制器的设计建立在充分考虑系统未知非线性的影响之上,从而避免了简单的把未知非线性影响简单的考虑成系统"总扰动"所造成的被控系统性能的损失。     

Adaptive-observer-based output-constrained tracking of a class of arbitrarily switched uncertain non-affine nonlinear systems

This paper addresses an adaptive output-feedback tracking problem of arbitrarily switched pure-feedback nonlinear systems with time-varying output constraints and unknown control directions. In this work, the tracking problem of switched non-affine nonlinear systems with output constraints is transformed into the stabilization problem of switched unconstrained affine systems. The main contribution of this paper is to present a universal formula for constructing an adaptive state-observer-based tracking controller with only two adaptive parameters by using the common Lyapunov function method. These adaptive parameters in the proposed control scheme are derived using the function approximation technique and a priori knowledge of the signs of control gain functions is not required. The theoretical analysis is presented for the Lyapunov stability and the constraint satisfaction of the resulting closed-loop system in the presence of arbitrary switchings.     

Adaptive Robust Tracking for Flexible Spacecraft in Presence of Disturbances

The paper deals with trajectory tracking for a flexible spacecraft, subject to a gravity-gradient disturbance, under parameter uncertainties. The controls are gas jets and reaction wheels, and the measured variables describe the attitude and angular velocity of the rigid part. The flexible dynamics is treated as an additional disturbance acting on a rigid structure. First, an adaptive control is designed with only the gravity-gradient disturbance acting on the spacecraft; second, it is proved to be effective also in the presence of disturbance due to the flexibility, provided that appropriate robustness conditions on the controller gains are satisfied. These conditions use partial knowledge of the parameters describing the elastic dynamics. Simulations show the good performance of such control scheme and demonstrate its applicability even in the presence of input saturation.     

Robust tracking and model following for uncertain time‐delay systems with input nonlinearity

This article proposes a novel adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) scheme to realize the problem of robust tracking and model following for a class of uncertain time‐delay systems with input nonlinearity. It is shown that the proposed robust tracking controller guarantees the stability of overall closed‐loop system and achieves zero‐tracking error in the presence of input nonlinearity, time‐delays, time‐varying parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The selection of sliding surface and the existence of sliding mode are two important issues, which have been addressed. This scheme assures robustness against input nonlinearity, time‐delays, parameter uncertainties, and external disturbances. Moreover, the knowledge of the upper bound of uncertainties is not required and chattering phenomenon is eliminated. Both theoretical analysis and illustrative examples demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 66–73, 2015     

基于Udwadia-Kalaba方法的并联机器人鲁棒伺服约束控制

针对2自由度冗余驱动并联机器人轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于Udwadia Kalaba方程的鲁棒伺服控制方法.在负载、外部干扰以及制造误差的影响下,无法得到机器人精确、完整的运动模型,导致机器人控制性能变差.为解决这类不确定性带来的影响,提出了一种鲁棒控制方法.该方法通过保证系统的一致有界性和一致最终有界性,使系统能够精确跟踪理想约束轨迹.此外,该方法采用Udwadia Kalaba方程,求解控制过程中满足系统理想约束所需要的约束力.Udwadia Kalaba方程不需要Lagrange乘子或伪广义速度等辅助变量,可以同时处理完整约束和非完整约束,且可以获得满足轨迹约束的约束力解析解.利用Lyapunov函数对该鲁棒控制方法的稳定性进行了理论证明,并且通过仿真实验,验证了该鲁棒控制方法能够在非理想条件下实现给定轨迹的高精度跟踪控制.     

RBF‐based discrete sliding mode control for robust tracking of uncertain time‐delay systems with input nonlinearity

In this article, a control scheme combining radial basis function neural network and discrete sliding mode control method is proposed for robust tracking and model following of uncertain time‐delay systems with input nonlinearity. The proposed robust tracking controller guarantees the stability of overall closed‐loop system and achieves zero‐tracking error in the presence of input nonlinearity, time‐delays, time‐varying parameter uncertainties, and external disturbances. The salient features of the proposed controller include no requirement of a priori knowledge of the upper bound of uncertainties and the elimination of chattering phenomenon and reaching phase. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 194–201, 2016     

Small-gain technique-based adaptive output constrained control design of switched networked nonlinear systems via event-triggered communications

This paper investigates the problem of event-triggered tracking control for switched networked nonlinear systems with asymmetric time-varying output constraints. To handle the output constraints, an output-dependent generic constraint function is constructed to describe relationship between the output and the performance requirement. Meanwhile, an event-triggering rule is designed to reduce communication frequency between the controller and the actuator, thereby reducing the burden of the network communication. Based on the common Lyapunov function method and event-triggered control strategy, an adaptive control method is designed, which can guarantee that the closed-loop signals are bounded and avoid the Zeno behavior. Different from existing results considering constraints, the proposed scheme not only relaxes the restricted condition of constraint boundaries but also both the cases with and without output constraints can be addressed simultaneously. Furthermore, the stability of the system can be guaranteed by the small-gain technique. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Finite-time disturbance observer-based trajectory tracking control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle with obstacle avoidance

This paper investigates the problem of trajectory tracking control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the presence of dynamic obstacles and external disturbance forces/torques. More specifically, two new sliding mode disturbance observers are firstly designed to estimate the external disturbances, in which the observation errors can converge to zero in finite time. Furthermore, utilizing the observation information, a new sliding mode surface-like variable-based position tracking control scheme and a novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode-based attitude synchronization control scheme are developed to drive the UAV tracking the reference trajectory with obstacle avoiding. Moreover, the tracking errors of the close-loop control system can converge to zero within finite time by the analyses of Lyapunov methodology. Finally, the numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

Terminal constrained robust hybrid iterative learning model predictive control for complex time-delayed batch processes

This work mainly addresses terminal constrained robust hybrid iterative learning model predictive control against time delay and uncertainties in a class of complex batch processes with input and output constraints. In this work, an equivalently novel extended two-dimensional switched system is first constructed to represent the process model by introducing state difference, output error and new relaxation variable information. Then, a hybrid predictive updating controller is proposed and an optimal performance index function including terminal constraints is designed. Under the condition that the switching signal meets certain conditions, the solvable problem of model predictive control is realized by Lyapunov stability theory. Meanwhile, the design scheme of controller parameters is also given. In addition, the robust constraint set is adopted to overcome the disadvantage that the traditional asymptotic stability cannot converge to the origin when it involves disturbances, such that the system state converges to the constraint set and meets its expected value. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by controlling the speed and pressure parameters of the injection molding process.