实证因子模型的贝叶斯半参数分析和模型比较（英文）

为了解决多元数据的异质性,对因子分析模型建立了贝叶斯半参数程序.方法依赖于有限混合分布空间上先验分布的使用.分块吉布斯抽样器用以进行后验分析.L_v测度和贝叶斯因子给出模型比较.基于广义加权中国餐馆算法,给出了半参数模型下数据似然的计算.经验结果显示了方法的有效性.     

非线性再生散度随机效应模型的贝叶斯分析

非线性再生散度随机效应模型是一类非常广泛的统计模型，包括了线性随机效应模型、非线性随机效应模型、广义线性随机效应模型和指数族非线性随机效应模型等．本文研究非线性再生散度随机效应模型的贝叶斯分析．通过视随机效应为缺失数据以及应用结合Gibbs抽样技术和Metropolis-Hastings算法（简称MH算法）的混合算法获得了模型参数与随机效应的同时贝叶斯估计．最后，用一个模拟研究和一个实际例子说明上述算法的可行眭．     

三参数正态双卵模型Gibbs抽样算法研究

项目反应理论作为一种现代的教育和心理测量方法,凭借其强大的优势和先进性,在实际测量中应用越来越广泛.能否有效地估计模型中的参数是项目反应模型得以应用的前提.本文基于数据扩充技术给出了一种适用于三参数正态双卵模型的Gibbs抽样算法,有效的实现三参数正态双卵模型的贝叶斯分析.最后,通过计算机模拟研究和实例分析对该算法的有效性进行了验证.     

考虑模型相关性的组合预测过程中单项模型筛选研究

针对组合预测过程中单项模型筛选难以刻画模型之间相关性的问题,采用模糊测度和模糊积分来刻画模型的相关性,并对单项模型预测结果进行集成,进而提出一种考虑模型相关性的组合预测过程中单项模型筛选方法.采用2可加模糊测度来刻画不同模型之间的相关性,并利用Choquet积分依据模糊测度值,将单项模型的预测值集成起来,形成组合预测结果.在这个组合预测过程中,采用基于模糊测度定义的Shapley值和交互作用指标来对单项模型进行筛选.为了验证文章提出的考虑模型相关性的组合预测单项模型筛选方法的有效性,选择软件工程领域的软件成本估算问题进行算例分析,选择基于案例推理方法(CBR)、最小二乘回归(OLS)、支持向量回归机(SVR)、分类回归树(CART)、人工神经网络(ANN)等数据驱动模型作为软件成本组合预测过程中的单项模型.选择常用的Desharnias数据库来验证模型的有效性.实证结果表明文章提出的单项模型筛选方法是一种有效方法,经过筛选后的组合预测模型能有效提高软件成本估算的精度,此外,研究结果还表明组合估算过程中最重要的模型(Sharply值最大)并不是估算精度最高的模型,即单个模型的重要性与该模型的估算精度没有必然联系,说明传统的以单个模型估算精度为依据的组合预测模型存在着一定的缺陷.     

纵向数据下半参数联合均值协方差模型的贝叶斯分析

基于改进的Cholesky分解,研究分析了纵向数据下半参数联合均值协方差模型的贝叶斯估计和贝叶斯统计诊断,其中非参数部分采用B样条逼近.主要通过应用Gibbs抽样和Metropolis-Hastings算法相结合的混合算法获得模型中未知参数的贝叶斯估计和贝叶斯数据删除影响诊断统计量.并利用诊断统计量的大小来识别数据的异常点.模拟研究和实例分析都表明提出的贝叶斯估计和诊断方法是可行有效的.     

带有缺失数据的纵向隐马尔可夫因子模型的贝叶斯分析

隐马尔可夫因子模型在刻画多元纵向数据的关联性和异质性具有重要作用.在实际应用中,观测数据往往呈现缺失数据.本文在纵向框架内,对缺失的数据提出了一个建模.使用一个多项模型去拟合缺失数据指标,并提出用一系列一维条件分布的联合分布来建模.每个一维条件分布不仅取决于当前变量的观测值,而且也糅合以前的观测值和丢失的信息.在贝叶斯框架内,马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法用于实现后验分析.带有Metropolis-Hastings算法的Gibbs采样器被用来从相关的满条件分布中抽取随机样本.后验推断基于这些模拟观测值进行展开.我们进行了模拟研究.实证结果表明,所提出的方法在模型是正确指定时是十分有效的,而且对模型偏移也具有一定的稳健性.     

零膨胀集群数据层次回归模型的贝叶斯推断

零膨胀Poisson回归模型是研究零观测值过多的计数数据的常用工具,本文提出了一类拟合具有这类特征的集群数据的层次零膨胀泊松回归模型,并给出了相应的贝叶斯推断方法,参数估计通过Gibbs抽样获得,模型比较与选择则通过拟合优度检验与BIC准则实现.最后,利用一个船舶受损事故数据来展示本文方法的实现及应用.     

泊松逆高斯回归模型的贝叶斯统计推断

本文研究泊松逆高斯回归模型的贝叶斯统计推断.基于应用Gibbs抽样,Metropolis-Hastings算法以及Multiple-Try Metropolis算法等MCMC统计方法计算模型未知参数和潜变量的联合贝叶斯估计,并引入两个拟合优度统计量来评价提出的泊松逆高斯回归模型的合理性.若干模拟研究与一个实证分析说明方法的可行性.     

缺失数据下线性模型的半参数估计

通过比较参数方法和非参数方法对选择概率建模的优缺点,基于充分降维的思想提出了一种利用单指标模型对选择概率建模的半参数方法.基于逆概率加权方法和半参数方法,研究了缺失数据下线性模型的统计推断问题.建立的逆概率加权估计方程可以处理不同的数据缺失情形,给出了线性模型中兴趣参数的估计,并证明了它的渐近正态性.最后通过模拟研究说明提出的方法具有较好的有限样本性质.     

基于纵向数据的Poisson-Gamma模型系数的随机性检验

应用随机系数化方法对纵向数据的Poisson-Gamma回归模型进行了研究,采用Laplace展开方法得到了关于响应变量的近似似然函数并得到模型系数的随机性检验的Score统计量.通过Monte Carlo模拟分析了检验的渐近功效.最后把得到的检验统计量应用到具体的数值实例分析中说明其有效性.     

Bayesian analysis of non-linear structural equation models with non-ignorable missing outcomes from reproductive dispersion models

Non-linear structural equation models are widely used to analyze the relationships among outcomes and latent variables in modern educational, medical, social and psychological studies. However, the existing theories and methods for analyzing non-linear structural equation models focus on the assumptions of outcomes from an exponential family, and hence can’t be used to analyze non-exponential family outcomes. In this paper, a Bayesian method is developed to analyze non-linear structural equation models in which the manifest variables are from a reproductive dispersion model (RDM) and/or may be missing with non-ignorable missingness mechanism. The non-ignorable missingness mechanism is specified by a logistic regression model. A hybrid algorithm combining the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm is used to obtain the joint Bayesian estimates of structural parameters, latent variables and parameters in the logistic regression model, and a procedure calculating the Bayes factor for model comparison is given via path sampling. A goodness-of-fit statistic is proposed to assess the plausibility of the posited model. A simulation study and a real example are presented to illustrate the newly developed Bayesian methodologies.     

Semiparametric estimation in regression with missing covariates using single-index models

We investigate semiparametric estimation of regression coefficients through generalized estimating equations with single-index models when some covariates are missing at random. Existing popular semiparametric estimators may run into difficulties when some selection probabilities are small or the dimension of the covariates is not low. We propose a new simple parameter estimator using a kernel-assisted estimator for the augmentation by a single-index model without using the inverse of selection probabilities. We show that under certain conditions the proposed estimator is as efficient as the existing methods based on standard kernel smoothing, which are often practically infeasible in the case of multiple covariates. A simulation study and a real data example are presented to illustrate the proposed method. The numerical results show that the proposed estimator avoids some numerical issues caused by estimated small selection probabilities that are needed in other estimators.

     

Exact inference on contrasts in means of intraclass correlation models with missing responses

Intraclass correlation models with missing data at random are considered. With a properly reduced model, a general method, which allows repeated observations with missing data in a non-monotone pattern, is proposed to construct exact test statistics and simultaneous confidence intervals for linear contrasts in the means. Simulation results are given to compare exact and asymptotic simultaneous confidence intervals. A real example is provided for the illustration of the proposed method.     

带缺失数据的偏正态众数回归模型的参数估计

针对现实生活中大量数据存在偏斜的情况,构建偏正态数据下的众数回归模型.又加之数据的缺失常有发生,采用插补方法处理缺失数据集,为比较插补效果,考虑对响应变量随机缺失情形进行统计推断研究.利用高斯牛顿迭代法给出众数回归模型参数的极大似然估计,比较该模型在均值插补,回归插补,众数插补三种插补条件下的插补效果.随机模拟和实例分...     

Maximum likelihood inference for the Cox regression model with applications to missing covariates

In this paper, we carry out an in-depth theoretical investigation for existence of maximum likelihood estimates for the Cox model [D.R. Cox, Regression models and life tables (with discussion), Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 34 (1972) 187–220; D.R. Cox, Partial likelihood, Biometrika 62 (1975) 269–276] both in the full data setting as well as in the presence of missing covariate data. The main motivation for this work arises from missing data problems, where models can easily become difficult to estimate with certain missing data configurations or large missing data fractions. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of the maximum partial likelihood estimate (MPLE) for completely observed data (i.e., no missing data) settings as well as sufficient conditions for existence of the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) for survival data with missing covariates via a profile likelihood method. Several theorems are given to establish these conditions. A real dataset from a cancer clinical trial is presented to further illustrate the proposed methodology.     

Nonparametric variable selection and its application to additive models

Variable selection for multivariate nonparametric regression models usually involves parameterized approximation for nonparametric functions in the objective function. However, this parameterized approximation often increases the number of parameters significantly, leading to the “curse of dimensionality” and inaccurate estimation. In this paper, we propose a novel and easily implemented approach to do variable selection in nonparametric models without parameterized approximation, enabling selection consistency to be achieved. The proposed method is applied to do variable selection for additive models. A two-stage procedure with selection and adaptive estimation is proposed, and the properties of this method are investigated. This two-stage algorithm is adaptive to the smoothness of the underlying components, and the estimation consistency can reach a parametric rate if the underlying model is really parametric. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed method. Furthermore, a real data example is analyzed for illustration.

     

Correlation when data are missing

Variable correlation is important for many operations research models. Manyinventory, revenue management, and queuing models presume uncorrelated demandbetween products, market segments, or time periods. The specific model applied,or the resulting policies of a model, can differ drastically depending onvariable correlation. Having missing data are a common problem for the realworld application of operations research models. This work is at the junction ofthe two topics of correlation and missing data. We propose a test ofindependence between two variables when data are missing. The typical method fordetermining correlation with missing data ignores all data pairs in which onepoint is missing. The test presented here incorporates all data. The test can beapplied when both variables are continuous, when both are discrete, or when onevariable is discrete and the other is continuous. The test makes no assumptionsabout the distribution of the two variables, and thus it can be used to extendapplication of non-parametric rank tests, such as Spearman's rankcorrelation, to the case where data are missing. An example is shown wherefailure to incorporate the incomplete data yields incorrect policies.     

Spectral density estimation with amplitude modulation and outlier detection

This paper studies spectral density estimation based on amplitude modulation including missing data as a specific case. A generalized periodogram is introduced and smoothed to give a consistent estimator of the spectral density by running local linear regression smoother. We explore the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator and its application to time series data with periodic missing. A simple data-driven local bandwidth selection rule is proposed and an algorithm for computing the spectral density estimate is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using simulations. The application to outlier detection based on leave-one-out diagnostic is also considered. An illustrative example shows that the proposed diagnostic procedure succeeds in revealing outliers in time series without masking and smearing effects. Supported by Chinese NSF Grants 10001004 and 39930160, and Fellowship of City University of Hong Kong.     

协变量随机缺失下线性模型的经验似然推断及其应用

考虑协变量带有缺失的线性模型,提出了加权的经验似然方法和借补的经验似然方法,证明了所提出的经验对数似然比渐近于χ~2分布,由此构造回归系数的置信域。模拟研究了所提出方法的有限样本性质,并进行了实例分析。     

带有不可忽略缺失数据的半参数再生散度模型的贝叶斯分析

半参数再生散度模型是再生散度模型和半参数回归模型的推广,包括了半参数广义线性模型和广义部分线性模型等特殊类型.讨论的是该模型在响应变量和协变量均存在非随机缺失数据情形下参数的Bayes估计和基于Bayes因子的模型选择问题.在分析中,采用了惩罚样条来估计模型中的非参数成分,并建立了Bayes层次模型;为了解决Gibbs抽样过程中因参数高度相关带来的混合性差以及因维数增加导致出现不稳定性的问题,引入了潜变量做为添加数据并应用了压缩Gibbs抽样方法,改进了收敛性;同时,为了避免计算多重积分,利用了M-H算法估计边缘密度函数后计算Bayes因子,为模型的选择比较提供了一种准则.最后,通过模拟和实例验证了所给方法的有效性.