湖南大湘西地区城市经济竞争力比较研究

在现有城市经济竞争力分析的国内外研究成果的基础上,依据城市竞争力相关理论,借鉴国内外评价机构的评价模型和分析体系,构建出湖南省大湘西地区城市经济竞争力的评价指标体系,并利用因子分析法对大湘西地区城市经济竞争力进行综合评价,并对各个城市的经济竞争力进行比较研究.在此基础上,有针对性地提出了促进大湘西地区城市经济竞争力提升的对策建议.     

长株潭城市生态竞争力研究

基于所构建的城市生态竞争力的评价指标体系,运用直觉模糊综合评价模型,从状态、压力、响应三个准则层面,对长株潭城市群城市生态竞争力进行综合评价,以此为基础分析长株潭各城市现状及潜力以及长株潭三市各自具有的竞争优势和劣势.为提升长株潭城市生态竞争力,要从加快产业升级和转换经济发展模式、转变政府考核方式、加大政府财政补贴、落实政府监管职能四个方面着手.     

基于G1法的河北省城市物流业竞争力评价研究

为了提高城市物流竞争力评价的有效性,提出了一种基于G1法和TOPSIS法的城市物流业竞争力评价的新方法.构建了河北省城市物流业竞争力评价指标体系,提出了评价指标权重的确定方法,在此基础上建立了基于G1-TOPSIS的河北省城市物流业竞争力评价模型,并以河北省11个城市的相关数据为样本作了实证分析.研究结果表明:唐山、石家庄两市的物流业竞争力整体上具有明显的优势,其它城市处于相对落后的地位,具有较大的提升空间.     

新疆城市竞争力与城市人力资本竞争力综合评价

在界定城市竞争力、城市人力资本竞争力内涵的基础上,构建了城市竞争力和人力资本竞争力的评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法,对新疆15个地州市的城市竞争力、城市人力资本竞争力进行了综合评价,并分析了两者之间的相互关系,得出结论:新疆人力资本竞争力与城市竞争力呈正相关,人力资本对城市竞争力具有一定的提升作用,但作用不明显.     

基于熵权的模糊物元模型在城市生态安全评价中的应用

在模糊物元分析的基础上,结合熵值法和欧氏贴近度概念,构建用于城市生态安全评价的模糊物元模型,详细介绍了该模型的计算步骤,应用该模型对郑州市的生态安全进行了综合评价,并将评价结果与灰色关联法的评价结果进行了比较.结果表明,建立的模型评价方法简单.评价结果可靠,具有一定的实用性.     

中国城市竞争力评价量化模型研究

本文建立一种将主、客观指标赋权方法优点相结合的城市竞争力综合评价分层构权主成分分析模型,在构建中国城市竞争力综合评价指标体系的基础上,基于该模型方法给出31个中国主要城市的城市竞争力的评价实例。并以并以判别分析方法对相关评价结果进行校验,实证分析的结果表明:这是一种适合于城市竞争力定量评价、稳定性较好且切实有效的方法模型。     

基于生态位理论的新疆核心城市竞合关系研究

为研究新疆核心城市的发展水平及竞合关系,采用城市综合发展水平、生态位宽度、生态位扩充压缩等模型来综合反映各地区在城市系统中的资源占有、利用情况,同时通过聚类分析及空间分类评价城市间的竞合关系.结果表明:1)新疆各城市的发展水平和城市生态位均表现出不同程度的升降;2)城市竞争力生态位扩充压缩程度不同,其中乌鲁木齐市生态位稳步扩充,潜力巨大;3)分类评价表明,Ⅰ类核心城市为乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市,Ⅳ类贫困落后地区为克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州、和田地区,其他地区均为Ⅱ、Ⅲ类缓冲联接城市.最后,综合所有理论与分类结果,根据城市生态系统结构、特点、等级提出了相应的竞合发展策略.     

基于云模型和前景理论的城市生态位适宜度评价研究

针对评价值为不确定语言信息的城市生态位评价问题,考虑评价者风险态度对评价结果的影响,提出一种基于云模型和前景理论的城市生态位适宜度评价方法.该方法首先给出了新的生态位适宜度评价指标体系;然后,提出了一种改进的云生成方法,将不确定语言信息转化为云模型,得到云评价矩阵;在此基础上,定义正负生态位最适值,确定正负前景评价矩阵,并依据评价者判断和公平竞争原则构建指标权重模型,根据综合前景值的大小给出城市生态位排序;最后,通过实例说明了方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于多元统计分析的城市竞争力研究

应用多元统计分析方法对34个省会城市和计划单列市的竞争力进行了综合评估.首先设立城市竞争力评价指标,由于指标之间存在相关性,采用因子分析法选取公共因子作为评价的综合指标,然后构造评价函数,根据城市竞争力在各公因子上的得分及其综合排名,分析各城市的发展特色和竞争优劣点.基于因子分析法得到的公因子替代原始变量,分别采用系统聚类分析法和K均值聚类分析法给各城市划分类型,比较两种不同聚类法得出的结果,分析聚类结果可靠性.最后基于综合评估结果给出了提高城市竞争力的合理建议.     

基于统计方法的长江经济带投资环境评价

首先建立综合评价指标体系用于评价长江经济带沿岸各城市的投资环境.在此基础上,采用聚类分析和因子分析法找到核心辐射城市及各城市发展水平排名.再结合熵权法及有序probit模型得到各城市的综合指数,并对模型进行了灵敏性分析.除了上海外,其他各城市的投资环境指数普遍不高,地区发展极不平衡.模型通过了检验,非常的稳健.最后提出了相应的建议及对策.     

中原城市群竞争力评价研究

在构建的城市群竞争力评价指标体系的基础上,采用SPSS15.0统计分析软件,运用主成分分析法对中原城市群的竞争力进行研究,分析了中原城市群竞争力的现状、优势及其存在的问题,并提出了具体的解决问题的对策措施.     

最小差距最大化组合赋权的软件服务外包产业核心竞争力评价模型及实证

正确评价我国软件服务外包产业核心竞争力并提取关键影响因素,有利于找出产业发展中存在的问题,也为制定产业发展政策提供可靠依据。根据产业核心竞争力内涵,基于钻石模型,构建了软件服务外包产业核心竞争力评价指标体系,通过评价值最小差距最大化组合赋权方法计算多种权重的组合权重,并对我国典型的18个城市软件服务外包产业核心竞争力进行实证分析。最小差距最大化组合赋权模型消除了在不同赋权方法下评价排序不一致的缺陷,并最大程度地区分了评价结果之间的差距,提高了评价结果的科学性和可靠性     

Measurement and evaluation of the metabolic capacity of an urban ecosystem

Cities as superorganisms confront disturbances from their metabolic processes, including large metabolic fluxes, low stocks of resources and products, and a low efficiency of the urban material metabolism. Based on ecological thermodynamics, an indicator system is established in this paper to evaluate the fluxes, stocks, and effiency of the urban material metabolism using emergy analysis. Also, a new model for the urban material metabolism is proposed to define the production possibility curve using a wealth index (WI) and an ecological effiency index (EEI). Then, six large Chinese cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen are selected as typical cases to validate the proposed model. The results show that Shenzhen has the highest metabolic capacity, followed by Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, and Chongqing. It is also reflected that different urban material metabolisms of the six cities are resulted from the varied regional metabolic capacities, thus providing insights into how cities improve their metabolic capacities. Meanwhile, Shenzhen has the highest WI and EEI, Chongqing has the lowest WI and EEI, and Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou has low WI and high EEI. It is also shown that the sustainable operation of the urban material metabolism reflects the mutualism and symbiosis between socioeconomic development and ecological environment protection.     

基于主成分分析的湖南竞争力评价研究

介绍了主成分分析方法,提出了运用主成分评价模型必须满足的条件。并且借鉴中国科学院可持续发展研究组构建的可持续发展指标体系,运用主成分分析构建了区域竞争力的综合评价指标,将湖南的经济发展与其他地区比较,并提出相应的策略。     

Fuzzy Model of Regional Economic Competitiveness in GIS Spatial Analysis: Case Study of Gansu, Western China

After more than 20 years of impressive development since the economic reforms in 1978, today western China is facing an increasing development gap between its regions, particularly between urban and rural areas. Using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, this paper aims to demonstrate the evolution of the economic competitiveness levels base on two categories of geographical unity in the province of Gansu located in Northwest China between 2000 and 2004. The results of fuzzy modeling are integrated into GIS spatiotemporal analyses in order to identify the spatial variation of each significant change in terms of the regional economic development. Our research effectively illustrates that there is a particular spatial dynamic of the economic development from region to region. Although the cities have improved very well in their economic competitiveness, the rural areas and minority regions still have a lot of progress to be achieved.     

Ecological accounting and evaluation of urban economy: Taking Beijing city as the case

Urban economy is confronted with increasing biophysical limitations derived from the exhaustion of natural resources and the depletion of environmental capacity, and human cultural diversity has been declining during the fast urbanization. The conventional anthropocentric economics, regarding the natural environment as the ‘exterior’ of human economy, is invalid in the scientific evaluation on the contribution of natural resources and environment as well as human culture when facing the current urban crises. The theory of embodied cosmic exergy, as the latest development of ecological economics and ecological thermodynamics, is introduced in this study to construct an ecological evaluation framework of urban economy. The advantage of embodied cosmic exergy dedicated to ecological economics has been discussed in comparison with other ecological evaluation alternatives. Transformities describing hierarchies and manifesting quality are systematically calculated and tabulated. A new framework of embodied cosmic exergy based on network accounting (EmexNA) is sketched out in this study, taking not only diversity flows but also ecological stocks into consideration. The stock based concept of ‘ecological wealth’ and the flow based concept of ‘ecological cost’ as well as related evaluation indicators are developed based on EmexNA. Taking Beijing city as the case, the network accounting and related ecological evaluation of a practical urban economy are carried out in this study in the light of the basic social, economic and environmental data available from 1990 to 2005 of Beijing. The system construction and the ecological mechanism of the development of Beijing economy are correspondingly illuminated and discussed.     

基于云模型和证据推理的生态环境安全评价

文章提出了一种生态环境安全综合评价模型。首先构建生态环境安全评价指标体系并划分等级区间, 通过云模型将各指标实际值转化为生态环境安全等级的关联度; 其次结合证据推理与熵权法动静态组合确定指标权重; 然后利用证据推理计算出各指标基本可信度分配函数, 再采用证据融合算法合成出生态环境安全综合评估概率分布; 最后根据“最大关联度准则”得出评价结果。以湖南省为例开展实例研究, 研究结果与模糊综合评价法评估等级结果一致, 验证了所提出方法具有合理性、可行性和有效性。     

Fractal-based exponential distribution of urban density and self-affine fractal forms of cities

Urban population density always follows the exponential distribution and can be described with Clark’s model. Because of this, the spatial distribution of urban population used to be regarded as non-fractal pattern. However, Clark’s model differs from the exponential function in mathematics because that urban population is distributed on the fractal support of landform and land-use form. By using mathematical transform and empirical evidence, we argue that there are self-affine scaling relations and local power laws behind the exponential distribution of urban density. The scale parameter of Clark’s model indicating the characteristic radius of cities is not a real constant, but depends on the urban field we defined. So the exponential model suggests local fractal structure with two kinds of fractal parameters. The parameters can be used to characterize urban space filling, spatial correlation, self-affine properties, and self-organized evolution. The case study of the city of Hangzhou, China, is employed to verify the theoretical inference. Based on the empirical analysis, a three-ring model of cities is presented and a city is conceptually divided into three layers from core to periphery. The scaling region and non-scaling region appear alternately in the city. This model may be helpful for future urban studies and city planning.