基于网络DEA的供应链效率评价

数据包络分析(DEA)是评价决策单元(DMU)相对有效性的一种重要的工具.供应链效率评价是供应链管理的重要内容,对于衡量供应链目标的实现程度及提供经营决策都具有十分重要的意义.DEA是用于评价供应链效率的一种有效的方法,但是传统的DEA不考虑供应链的内部结构,对系统的相对效率评价偏高;而研究具有串联结构的供应链,考虑把部分中间产品作为最终产品输出,并增加额外中间投入的情形.基于此,建立相应的网络DEA模型,进行了相关理论的研究,给出了弱网络DEA有效的充分条件,以及整个系统弱网络DEA有效与各个子系统网络DEA有效的关系等.     

关联网络DEA在多层次指标体系中的应用研究

对复杂系统进行效率评价,是改善其运作性能的必要之举。DEA作为一种典型的效率评价方法,现有研究已提出了若干串联、并联系统的DEA效率评价问题。然而,为评价复杂系统的效率,建立的评价指标体系往往具有多层次性,常有串并联混合结构出现。现有研究囿于将复杂系统中的层次关系作为黑箱处理,或者只研究串联或并联系统,没有有效考察DEA在串并联混合结构中效率评价的应用,对复杂系统的"多层次指标体系"不能进行有效评价。与传统的DEA评价方法相比,本文首次将网络DEA引入多层次指标体系的评价当中,以串并联混合结构为基础,构建了用于多层次指标体系评价的关联网络DEA模型;从模型创新的角度,本文的关联网络DEA模型融合了串联和并联系统DEA模型,为处理子系统间复杂的关联关系提供了新思路。最后,通过对军民结合企业的实证研究验证了模型的合理性。     

考虑指标关联的网络DEA效率测度研究

现有网络DEA模型通常在测度指标相互独立的假设前提下进行生产系统效率测度,然而这一假设并不与现实完全相符.针对网络生产系统效率测度指标间存在关联关系的情形,引入模糊测度理论中的Choquet积分,对传统网络DEA模型进行了扩展·首先,分别给出了Choquet积分和网络DEA模型的相关基础知识;然后以串联DEA模型为例,构建了考虑指标间关联的网络DEA模型(C-NDEA模型),进而定义了指标关联情形下网络生产系统有效性的判定标准,并给出了相关定理及其证明;最后通过一个算例验证了所构建C-NDEA模型的合理性和有效性.     

具有非期望产出的混联网络DEA模型

数据包络分析(DEA)是评价系统相对有效性的分析方法,网络DEA模型在评价企业的经济效益、管理效益等实际问题中有着广泛的应用.在网络DEA模型的基础上考虑非期望产出要素,提出了具有非期望产出的混联网络DEA模型.研究了新模型的系统弱DEA有效与各子阶段弱DEA有效之间的关系,找到了无效决策单元的无效阶段,通过有针对性的改进能够提高系统的整体效率.最后通过数值算例验证了模型的可行性.     

链式网络DEA模型

数据包络分析(DEA)是评价决策单元(DMU)相对有效性的一种工具,现已得到广泛的应用.传统的DEA不考虑系统内部结构,而是将系统作为一个"黑箱"来度量效率.针对多阶段网络结构提出一个新的网络DEA模型—链式网络DEA模型.研究网络决策单元的网络DEA有效性及各个阶段的弱DEA有效性之间的关系,给出了网络DEA有效的充分必要条件.若网络决策单元不是网络DEA有效的,根据模型可以指出系统在哪些阶段是无效的.     

层次系统DEA模型的研究

经典的DEA模型视决策单元为黑匣子,不考虑内部结构.实际上,决策单元DMU可能具有各种各样的结构.对DMU进行效率评价时,尽管最初的输入和最终的输出相同,但考虑DMU结构与忽视DMU结构得到的效率不同.基于这样一种思想,提出了一种基于层次系统的DEA模型.     

一类基于属性变量的DEA模型

系统评价不仅应重视系统的经济特征,还必须重视系统的非经济特征.在评价系统的非经济特征时必须考虑属性变量,即不能以货币衡量的反映系统非经济特征的定量变量.在过去关于DEA的研究中并未涉及到这种变量.本文对属性变量进行了明确的定义,并提出一种基于属性变量的DEA效率评价模型,最后通过实例演示了模型的合理性.     

基于关联网络DEA的供应链协调程度评价

本文给出了一种供应链网络协调程度的评价方法。研究思路是:首先,关联网络DEA能求出供应链网络上各个决策单元的DEA效率。其次,假设供应链网络实现了协调,那么网络上所有企业的DEA效率应该都为1。因此可以用供应链网络的实际DEA效率与协调状态(即所有决策单元DEA效率均为1)的差距,来评价供应链网络的协调程度。基于这一思路,本文研究了一个由3个供应商、2个制造商和3个零售商组成的供应链网络的协调评价问题,构建了基于关联网络DEA的类方差协调评价模型,实现了对供应链效率和协调性的同时测量,并通过数值算例验证了方法的实用性和有效性。     

基于DEA的低碳地产供应链整体绩效评价研究

低碳地产供应链已成为我国国民经济发展的重要组成部分和主要趋势.在分析低碳地产现状的基础上,探讨低碳地产供应链内涵,分析并建立多层次多指标的低碳地产供应链绩效评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析法(DEA)中的C2R模型对低碳地产供应链绩效进行初步评价.最后,通过案例分析判断出低碳地产供应链的DEA有效性,分析非DEA有效的影响因素,并通过在生产前沿面上的投影计算分析,提出其绩效改进方案.     

基于动态网络DEA模型的机场绩效研究

在已有网络DEA的基础上加入时间维度,构建了多时段下具有串联决策单元内部结构的复杂系统动态网络DEA效率评价模型.模型与传统DEA模型相比,既克服了传统DEA无视系统内部结构的缺陷,又在传统DEA的决策空间和目标空间基础上加入了时间维度,可以考察决策单元在不同时段的效率变化,从而对解决多时段内的复杂系统效率评估问题具有更为现实的应用价值.运用模型对区域多机场系统中的机场运营效率进行了计算,结果表明:1)动态网络DEA模型综合机场多年的投入产出,引入联系变量将相邻两时段连接起来,系统全面地评价多年来机场的整体运营水平,避免了传统模型将各年度独立评价的不足.2)江苏7家机场在2006-2010年仅南京禄口机场动态效率值为1,其余机场效率值都比较低,说明这些机场5年整体运营不佳,需要进一步加强管理和改进.     

Network DEA model for supply chain performance evaluation

This paper constructs an alternative network DEA model that embodies the internal structure for supply chain performance evaluation. We take the perspective of organization mechanism to deal with the complex interactions in supply chain. Three different network DEA models are introduced under the concept of centralized, decentralized and mixed organization mechanisms, respectively. Efficiency analysis including the relationship between supply chain and divisions, and the relationship among the three different organization mechanisms are discussed. As a further extension, we investigate internal resource waste in supply chain.     

DEA models for supply chain efficiency evaluation

An appropriate performance measurement system is an important requirement for the effective management of a supply chain. Two hurdles are present in measuring the performance of a supply chain and its members. One is the existence of multiple measures that characterize the performance of chain members, and for which data must be acquired; the other is the existence of conflicts between the members of the chain with respect to specific measures. Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) cannot be employed directly to measure the performance of supply chain and its members, because of the existence of the intermediate measures connecting the supply chain members. In this paper it is shown that a supply chain can be deemed as efficient while its members may be inefficient in DEA-terms. The current study develops several DEA-based approaches for characterizing and measuring supply chain efficiency when intermediate measures are incorporated into the performance evaluation. The models are illustrated in a seller-buyer supply chain context, when the relationship between the seller and buyer is treated first as one of leader-follower, and second as one that is cooperative. In the leader-follower structure, the leader is first evaluated, and then the follower is evaluated using information related to the leader's efficiency. In the cooperative structure, the joint efficiency which is modelled as the average of the seller's and buyer's efficiency scores is maximized, and both supply chain members are evaluated simultaneously. Non-linear programming problems are developed to solve these new supply chain efficiency models. It is shown that these DEA-based non-linear programs can be treated as parametric linear programming problems, and best solutions can be obtained via a heuristic technique. The approaches are demonstrated with a numerical example.     

Supply chain performance evaluation with data envelopment analysis and balanced scorecard approach

One of the most complicated decision making problems for managers is the evaluation of supply chain (SC) performance which involves various criteria. Though vast studies have been recorded on supply chain efficiency evaluation via balanced scorecard (BSC) approach, these studies do not focus on the relationships between the four perspectives of BSC approach. The present paper is an attempt focusing on these relationships, especially the returnable ones. To do so, at first, all relationships between the four perspectives of BSC were determined and then the DEMATEL approach was employed to obtain a network structure. This network structure was then used to create a network DEA model. Since it was not possible to calculate the efficiency evaluation score by BSC, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used for such an evaluation. Moreover, after reviewing different tools to evaluate the performance of supply chain, a new approach, relying on network DEA with BSC approach, was generated. Finally, this model was applied in the Iranian food industry to evaluate its supply chains efficiency and the results proved the high efficiency of the model designed. The findings could be used in various evaluation processes in different industries.     

Supply chain DEA: production possibility set and performance evaluation model

Performance evaluation is of great importance for effective supply chain management. The foundation of efficiency evaluation is to faithfully identify the corresponding production possibility set. Although a lot of researches have been done on supply chain DEA models, the exact definition for supply chain production possibility set is still in absence. This paper defines two types of supply chain production possibility sets, which are proved to be equivalent to each other. Based upon the production possibility set, a supply chain CRS DEA model is advanced to appraise the overall technical efficiency of supply chains. The major advantage of the model lies on the fact that it can help to find out the most efficient production abilities in supply chains, by replacing or improving inefficient subsystems (supply chain members). The proposed model also directly identifies the benchmarking units for inefficient supply chains to improve their performance. A real case validates the reasonableness and acceptability of this approach.     

价格和服务双因素影响的供应链协调决策模型研究

以单个制造商和存在竞争的两个零售商组成的供应链结构模型为研究对象,建立价格和服务两个重要因素影响的市场需求函数,研究供应链协调决策模型。以销售价格、服务质量和制造商批发价格作为三个决策变量,分析集中决策和分散决策两种情景的最优策略,研究收益共享、服务成本分担、收益共享成本分担等三种不同契约的供应链协调问题,并使用数值仿真方法,分析了相关参数变化对系统协调的影响。仿真结果表明:收益共享契约和成本分担契约需满足一定条件才能达到供应链协调,但其效果不一定实现帕累托最优;收益共享和成本分担契约可实现供应链协调,但收入共享系数需在合理区间取值;改进的收益共享成本分担契约能够避免共享系数的盲区,更加有效地达到供应链协调,保持供应链良好运行。     

Further study of production possibility set and performance evaluation model in supply chain DEA

Performance evaluation is an importance issue in supply chain management. Yang et al. (Ann. Oper. Res. 38(6):195–211, 2011) defined two types of supply chain production possibility sets and proved the equivalence between them. Based on the sub-perfect CRS production possibility set, they proposed a supply chain DEA model to appraise the overall technical efficiency of supply chains. The relationship among efficiency scores of the proposed model, CCR models of system and subsystems are discussed. However, we find that the equivalence between the two types of supply chain production possibility sets is not correct. The proofs of their three theorems are all problematic. In this paper, we correct some results and give three new proofs.     

供应链融资模式下中小企业信用风险评估研究——基于左右得分的模糊TOPSIS算法

中小企业信用风险评价是供应链融资实现的关键。本文在对已进行的研究总结的基础上,建立了一套比较完整的评价指标体系,然后运用DEA、AHP和基于左右得分的模糊TOPSIS相结合的评价方法对中小企业在供应链融资中的信用风险进行评价。最后,将方法成功应用到具体实例,结果表明将AHP方法和左右得分模糊TOPSIS结合应用到多层次指标评价问题是合理、可行的,能够为供应链融资信用风险评估提供决策依据。