价格和服务双因素影响的供应链协调决策模型研究

以单个制造商和存在竞争的两个零售商组成的供应链结构模型为研究对象,建立价格和服务两个重要因素影响的市场需求函数,研究供应链协调决策模型。以销售价格、服务质量和制造商批发价格作为三个决策变量,分析集中决策和分散决策两种情景的最优策略,研究收益共享、服务成本分担、收益共享成本分担等三种不同契约的供应链协调问题,并使用数值仿真方法,分析了相关参数变化对系统协调的影响。仿真结果表明:收益共享契约和成本分担契约需满足一定条件才能达到供应链协调,但其效果不一定实现帕累托最优;收益共享和成本分担契约可实现供应链协调,但收入共享系数需在合理区间取值;改进的收益共享成本分担契约能够避免共享系数的盲区,更加有效地达到供应链协调,保持供应链良好运行。

Research on Coordination Decision-Making Model of Supply ChainInfluenced by Price and Service Double Factors

Taking the supply chain structure model, which is composed of two manufacturers and two retailers with competition as the research object, we establish the market demand function influenced by two important factors: price and service, and study the decision models of supply chain coordination. Taking the sales price, service quality and wholesale price of manufacturers as three decision variables, this paper analyses the optimal strategy of centralized decision-making and decentralized decision making, and studies the supply chain coordination problems of three different contracts: revenue sharing, service cost sharing, revenue sharing and cost sharing, and uses numerical simulation method to analyze the influence of the change of correlation parameters on system coordination. The simulation results show that revenue sharing contract and cost sharing contract need to meet certain conditions to achieve supply chain coordination, but its effect does not necessarily achieve optimal Pareto. Revenue sharing and cost sharing contracts can achieve supply chain coordination, but income sharing coefficient needs to be measured at a reasonable range. The improved revenue sharing and cost sharing contracts can avoid the blind spot of sharing coefficient, and achieve supply chain coordinate more effectively, which can keep the supply chain running well.