基于MCMC模拟的贝叶斯厚尾金融随机波动模型分析

针对现有金融时间序列模型建模方法难以刻画模型参数的渐变性问题,利用贝叶斯分析方法构建贝叶斯厚尾SV模型。首先对反映波动性特征的厚尾金融随机波动模型(SV-T)进行贝叶斯分析,构造了基于Gibbs抽样的MCMC数值计算过程进行仿真分析,并利用DIC准则对SV-N模型和SV-T模型进行优劣比较。研究结果表明:在模拟我国股市的波动性方面,SV-T模型比SV-N模型更优,更能反应我国股市的尖峰厚尾的特性,并且证明了我国股市具有很强的波动持续性。     

基于MCMC方法的金融贝叶斯半参数随机波动模型研究

现有随机波动(SV)模型依赖于参数条件分布形式假设,无法充分描述金融资产收益的偏态厚尾等典型特点,而非参数分布能够更全面地刻画这些特性。本文将SV模型和非参数分布相结合,构建一类半参数SV模型;同时在贝叶斯框架内,发展有效MCMC抽样解决模型的参数估计难问题,并利用对数预测尾部得分(LPTS)法分析模型的极端风险预测能力;最后以我国美元/人民币汇率市场为例,对半参数SV模型在收益特性刻画以及极端风险预测方面的实际效果进行了检验。     

干散货运价波动的杠杆效应特征研究——基于非对称随机波动模型

由信息冲击引起的干散货运价的剧烈波动给航运实体市场带来巨大风险,同等强度的利空消息通常要比利好消息引起更大的市场波动,本文对干散货航运市场运价波动存在的杠杆效应特征进行研究,为航运企业和租船人等把握市场态势、规避风险提供重要依据。考虑运价收益分布的厚尾特征,改变传统的非对称随机波动模型中随机误差项的正态分布假定,建立基于student-t分布的改进的非对称随机波动模型,在贝叶斯分析的基础上通过MCMC方法进行参数估计。通过实证研究发现,在考虑了极端风险情况后,改进的厚尾分布的非对称随机波动模型对干散货运价波动的杠杆效应特征刻画更加准确和优越。     

基于MCMC的SV模型分钟高频股指波动率研究

利用沪深300股指2018年11月5日-2018年11月12日1分钟数据,基于马尔可夫蒙特卡罗(MCMC)模拟的贝叶斯方法,采用随机波动模型(SV)对我国股市分钟高频数据波动性进行了实证研究,并利用DIC准则进行模型拟合比较.结果表明,沪深300股指收益率序列具有尖峰,厚尾,聚集性等特征,且随机波动模型对于1分钟高频数据的拟合效果优于5分钟数据,标准随机波动模(SV-N)更适合1分钟高频数据.     

ASV-T模型研究及其在中国创业板市场中的应用

本文提出了T分布的带杠杆效应的随机波动模型,该模型同时兼顾了股票市场的杠杆效应和厚尾效应,并对模型进行了统计结构分析,证明了模型的有效性,基于贝叶斯分析,给出了对ASV-T模型的MCMC估计方法,其中对参数采取Gibbs抽样。利用该模型,通过对中国创业板指数的实证研究,证明了ASV-T模型对创业板市场的回报和波动性特征有更好的拟合效果,并且模型能够较好地描述金融数据的杠杆效应和厚尾效应。     

具有稳定分布噪声的多重季节模型的贝叶斯分析

本文研究了具有稳定分布噪声的多重季节时间序列模型的建模及应用.稳定分布能够描述诸如方差无限、厚尾、有偏等非正态特征,但该类分布通常没有解析的密度函数,且参数的后验分布比较复杂.本文采用基于抽样的MCMC方法和切片抽样法估计模型参数,将多重季节模型的回归参数和稳定分布中的参数一起估计.通过模拟分析,说明了稳定分布的一些统计性质和文中建模方法的有效性.将模型应用于一个具有季节性和厚尾特征的实际数据集,演示了该类模型的应用价值.     

基于状态空间SV-T-MN模型的股指波动率预测

本文考虑到金融收益率序列的"尖峰厚尾"和波动持续性等特征,针对厚尾SV-T模型的波动率样本外预测问题,提出了基于状态空间下的SV-T-MN(SV-T with Mixture-of-Normal)模型。首先根据MCMC方法估计SV-T模型参数,然后由EM算法估计混合正态参数,最后利用近似滤波(AMF)算法实现SV-T-MN模型的样本外预测。对KF、EKF、AMF进行的模拟研究表明高斯混合状态空间下的AMF更有效。通过对上证指数和深证成指的股指日收益率序列的实证研究结果表明,在五大损失函数评价准则下,基于状态空间SV-T-MN模型能有效刻画金融收益率序列和尾部的波动性,相比SV-N-MN模型具有更好的优越性。     

基于随机波动模型的沪深股市波动分析——以06,07年度沪深股指为例

基于马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)模拟的贝叶斯(Bayes)分析方法,应用随机波动(SV)模型实证分析06、07年度中国股票市场指数的波动性,并对比沪市与深市的股指,对不同形式的SV模型的参数进行估计,对结论作出合理的解释.     

中国股市量价关系分析中的后验分布构造与模拟

研究中国股票市场中的两个重要指标:股票价格与交易量,随机波动模型具有长期波动性预测能力,只是由于参数估计的困难而没有受到重视.随着马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)方法和计算机计算能力的提高,这种困难是可以克服的.采用基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)模拟技术的贝叶斯估计方法,在基于引入预期交易量和非预期交易量的随机波动模型下,对模型参数进行后验分布的构造,并以2005年1月-2012年5月的上证综合指数的每日收盘指数及相应的日成交量序列为样本,通过实证仿真得到参数结果值.结果表明,非预期交易量对股市价格的影响要大于预期交易量.     

基于MCMC抽样的金融贝叶斯半参数GARCH模型研究

GARCH模型是研究金融资产收益的重要模型,然而现有参数GARCH模型依然不能有效刻画金融资产收益偏态厚尾特性且存在模型设定风险。本文在非参数分布和GARCH模型基础上,建立半参数GARCH模型以提高模型的有效性;同时在贝叶斯框架内发展有效MCMC抽样解决模型的参数估计难问题,并利用DIC4研究模型比较问题;最后通过模拟研究和实证研究考察MCMC抽样的有效性,检验半参数GARCH模型在刻画金融资产收益特性和风险价值预测方面的实际效果。     

Testing robustness in calibration of stochastic volatility models

Many numerical aspects are involved in parameter estimation of stochastic volatility models. We investigate a model for stochastic volatility suggested by Hobson and Rogers [Complete models with stochastic volatility, Mathematical Finance 8 (1998) 27] and we focus on its calibration performance with respect to numerical methodology.In recent financial literature there are many papers dealing with stochastic volatility models and their capability in capturing European option prices; in Figà-Talamanca and Guerra [Towards a coherent volatility pricing model: An empirical comparison, Financial Modelling, Phisyca-Verlag, 2000] a comparison between some of the most significant models is done. The model proposed by Hobson and Rogers seems to describe quite well the dynamics of volatility.In Figà-Talamanca and Guerra [Fitting the smile by a complete model, submitted] a deep investigation of the Hobson and Rogers model was put forward, introducing different ways of parameters' estimation. In this paper we test the robustness of the numerical procedures involved in calibration: the quadrature formula to compute the integral in the definition of some state variables, called offsets, that represent the weight of the historical log-returns, the discretization schemes adopted to solve the stochastic differential equation for volatility and the number of simulations in the Monte Carlo procedure introduced to obtain the option price.The main results can be summarized as follows. The choice of a high order of convergence scheme is not fully justified because the option prices computed via calibration method are not sensitive to the use of a scheme with 2.0 order of convergence or greater. The refining of the approximation rule for the integral, on the contrary, allows to compute option prices that are often closer to market prices. In conclusion, a number of 10 000 simulations seems to be sufficient to compute the option price and a higher number can only slow down the numerical procedure.     

随机波动模型的马尔可夫链—蒙特卡洛模拟方法——在沪市收益率序列上的应用

针对具有Markov区制转移的、波动均值状态相依的随机波动模型,基于贝叶斯分析,我们推导并给出了对区制转移随机波动模型的MCMC估计方法,其中对参数估计采用Gibbs抽样方法,对潜在对数波动和区制的状态变量估计采用"向前滤波、向后抽样"的多步移动方法;利用该模型,对我国上证综指周收益率进行了实证分析,发现对沪市波动性有较好的描述,捕捉了波动的时变性、聚类性和非线性特征,同时刻画了沪市的高低波动状态转换过程。     

Parameter estimation of the WMTD model

The MTD （mixture transition distribution） model based on Weibull distribution （WMTD model） is proposed in this paper, which is aimed at its parameter estimation. An EM algorithm for estimation is given and shown to work well by some simulations. And bootstrap method is used to obtain confidence regions for the parameters. Finally, the results of a real example--predicting stock prices--show that the WMTD model proposed is able to capture the features of the data from thick-tailed distribution better than GMTD （mixture transition distribution） model.     

Application in stochastic volatility models of nonlinear regression with stochastic design

In regression model with stochastic design, the observations have been primarily treated as a simple random sample from a bivariate distribution. It is of enormous practical significance to generalize the situation to stochastic processes. In this paper, estimation and hypothesis testing problems in stochastic volatility model are considered, when the volatility depends on a nonlinear function of the state variable of other stochastic process, but the correlation coefficient |ρ|≠±1. The methods are applied to estimate the volatility of stock returns from Shanghai stock exchange. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

半参数门限广义非对称随机波动模型研究

为了能够同时刻画和描述金融资产收益序列的偏态、厚尾以及序列的门限效应、非对称杠杆效应等特性,提出把门限广义非对称随机波动模型与非参数Dirichlet过程混合模型有机结合,构建了半参数门限广义非对称随机波动模型,并对模型进行了贝叶斯分析.实证研究中,利用上海黄金价格收益率序列数据进行建模分析,结果表明:半参数门限广义非对称随机波动模型能够有效地刻画上海黄金价格收益率序列波动率的动态特征.     

Skew exponential power stochastic volatility model for analysis of skewness,non-normal tails,quantiles and expectiles

This paper proposes a unified framework to analyse the skewness, tail heaviness, quantiles and expectiles of the return distribution based on a stochastic volatility model using a new parametrisation of the skew exponential power (SEP) distribution. The SEP distribution can express a wide range of distribution shapes through two shape parameters and one skewness parameter. Since the asymmetric Laplace and skew normal distributions are included as special cases, the proposed model is related to quantile regression and expectile regression. The efficient and simple Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation methods are also described. The proposed model is demonstrated using the simulated data and real data on daily return of foreign exchange rate.     

Bayesian parameter inference for models of the Black and Scholes type

In this paper, we describe a general method for constructing the posterior distribution of the mean and volatility of the return of an asset satisfying dS=SdX for some simple models of X. Our framework takes as inputs the prior distributions of the parameters of the stochastic process followed by the underlying, as well as the likelihood function implied by the observed price history for the underlying. As an application of our framework, we compute the value at risk (VaR) and conditional VaR (CVaR) measures for the changes in the price of an option implied by the posterior distribution of the volatility of the underlying. The implied VaR and CVaR are more conservative than their classical counterpart, since it takes into account the estimation risk that arises due to parameter uncertainty. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Trading volume in models of financial derivatives

This paper develops a subordinated stochastic process model for an asset price, where the directing process is identified as information. Motivated by recent empirical and theoretical work, the paper makes use of the under-used market statistic of transaction count as a suitable proxy for the information flow. An option pricing formula is derived, and comparisons with stochastic volatility models are drawn. Both the asset price and the number of trades are used in parameter estimation. The underlying process is found to be fast mean reverting, and this is exploited to perform an asymptotic expansion. The implied volatility skew is then used to calibrate the model.     

Bayesian Inference via Filtering for a Class of Counting Processes: Application to the Micromovement of Asset Price

This paper highlights recent developments in a rich class of counting process models for the micromovement of asset price and in the Bayesian inference (estimation and model selection) via filtering for the class of models. A specific micromovement model built upon linear Brownian motion with jumping stochastic volatility is used to demonstrate the procedure to develop a micromovement model with specific tick-level sample characteristics. The model is further used to demonstrate the procedure to implement Bayes estimation via filtering, namely, to construct a recursive algorithm for computing the trade-by-trade Bayes parameter estimates, especially for the stochastic volatility. The consistency of the recursive algorithm model is proven. Simulation and real-data examples are provided as well as a brief example of Bayesian model selection via filtering.     

Parameter Estimation in Hidden Markov Models With Intractable Likelihoods Using Sequential Monte Carlo

We propose sequential Monte Carlo-based algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation of the static parameters in hidden Markov models with an intractable likelihood using ideas from approximate Bayesian computation. The static parameter estimation algorithms are gradient-based and cover both offline and online estimation. We demonstrate their performance by estimating the parameters of three intractable models, namely the α-stable distribution, g-and-k distribution, and the stochastic volatility model with α-stable returns, using both real and synthetic data.