Ollivier’s Ricci Curvature,Local Clustering and Curvature-Dimension Inequalities on Graphs

In this paper, we explore the relationship between one of the most elementary and important properties of graphs, the presence and relative frequency of triangles, and a combinatorial notion of Ricci curvature. We employ a definition of generalized Ricci curvature proposed by Ollivier in a general framework of Markov processes and metric spaces and applied in graph theory by Lin–Yau. In analogy with curvature notions in Riemannian geometry, we interpret this Ricci curvature as a control on the amount of overlap between neighborhoods of two neighboring vertices. It is therefore naturally related to the presence of triangles containing those vertices, or more precisely, the local clustering coefficient, that is, the relative proportion of connected neighbors among all the neighbors of a vertex. This suggests to derive lower Ricci curvature bounds on graphs in terms of such local clustering coefficients. We also study curvature-dimension inequalities on graphs, building upon previous work of several authors.     

Ollivier’s Ricci curvature and the coloring of graphs

We obtain lower bounds on the clique number and chromatic number for finite simple graphs using Ollivier’s Ricci curvature. Also we study the relations between girth and curvature. From these, we obtain curvature conditions for 3-colorability of a planar graph.     

Classification of α-Ricci flat graphs with girth at least five

Lin, Lu and Yau classified Ricci flat graphs with girth at least 5 in Lin et al., 2014 [7] and Cushing et al., 2018 [4,5]. In Lin et al., 2014, they defined $\alpha$-Ricci curvature for the definition of Ricci curvature. We will classify $\alpha$-Ricci flat graphs with girth at least 5 for all $\alpha \in (0,1)$.     

Mass transportation and rough curvature bounds for discrete spaces

We introduce and study rough (approximate) lower curvature bounds for discrete spaces and for graphs. This notion agrees with the one introduced in [J. Lott, C. Villani, Ricci curvature for metric-measure spaces via optimal transport, Ann. of Math. 169 (2009), in press] and [K.T. Sturm, On the geometry of metric measure spaces. I, Acta Math. 196 (2006) 65-131], in the sense that the metric measure space which is approximated by a sequence of discrete spaces with rough curvature ?K will have curvature ?K in the sense of [J. Lott, C. Villani, Ricci curvature for metric-measure spaces via optimal transport, Ann. of Math. 169 (2009), in press; K.T. Sturm, On the geometry of metric measure spaces. I, Acta Math. 196 (2006) 65-131]. Moreover, in the converse direction, discretizations of metric measure spaces with curvature ?K will have rough curvature ?K. We apply our results to concrete examples of homogeneous planar graphs.     

The geometry of closed conformal vector fields on Riemannian spaces

In this paper we examine different aspects of the geometry of closed conformal vector fields on Riemannian manifolds. We begin by getting obstructions to the existence of closed conformal and nonparallel vector fields on complete manifolds with nonpositive Ricci curvature, thus generalizing a theorem of T.K. Pan. Then we explain why it is so difficult to find examples, other than trivial ones, of spaces having at least two closed, conformal and homothetic vector fields. We then focus on isometric immersions, firstly generalizing a theorem of J. Simons on cones with parallel mean curvature to spaces furnished with a closed, Ricci null conformal vector field; then we prove general Bernstein-type theorems for certain complete, not necessarily cmc, hypersurfaces of Riemannian manifolds furnished with closed conformal vector fields. In particular, we obtain a generalization of theorems J. Jellett and A. Barros and P. Sousa for complete cmc radial graphs over finitely punctured geodesic spheres of Riemannian space forms.     

紧致流形的第一特征值下界

对紧致Riemannian流形(无边或带有凸边界)的第一(Neumann)特征值,用流形的直径和Ricci曲率的下界,给出一些新的下界估计.     

Eigenvalue Comparison Theorems on Finsler Manifolds

Cheng-type inequality, Cheeger-type inequality and Faber-Krahn-type inequality are generalized to Finsler manifolds. For a compact Finsler manifold with the weighted Ricci curvature bounded from below by a negative constant, Li-Yau’s estimation of the first eigenvalue is also given.     

Ricci flow on a 3-manifold with positive scalar curvature

In this paper we consider Hamilton's Ricci flow on a 3-manifold with a metric of positive scalar curvature. We establish several a priori estimates for the Ricci flow which we believe are important in understanding possible singularities of the Ricci flow. For Ricci flow with initial metric of positive scalar curvature, we obtain a sharp estimate on the norm of the Ricci curvature in terms of the scalar curvature (which is not trivial even if the initial metric has non-negative Ricci curvature, a fact which is essential in Hamilton's estimates [R.S. Hamilton, Three-manifolds with positive Ricci curvature, J. Differential Geom. 17 (1982) 255-306]), some L²-estimates for the gradients of the Ricci curvature, and finally the Harnack type estimates for the Ricci curvature. These results are established through careful (and rather complicated and lengthy) computations, integration by parts and the maximum principles for parabolic equations.     

射影Ricci平坦的Kropina度量

本文研究和刻画了射影Ricci平坦的Kropina度量.利用Kropina度量的S-曲率和Ricci曲率的公式,得到了Kropina度量的射影Ricci曲率公式.在此基础上得到了Kropina度量是射影Ricci平坦度量的充分必要条件.进一步,作为自然的应用,本文研究和刻画了由一个黎曼度量和一个具有常数长度的Killing 1-形式定义的射影Ricci平坦的Kropina度量,也刻画了具有迷向S-曲率的射影Ricci平坦的Kropina度量.在这种情形下,Kropina度量是Ricci平坦度量.     

Exact and asymptotic results on coarse Ricci curvature of graphs

Ricci curvature was proposed by Ollivier in a general framework of metric measure spaces, and it has been studied extensively in the context of graphs in recent years. In this paper we obtain the exact formulas for Ollivier’s Ricci-curvature for bipartite graphs and for the graphs with girth at least 5. These are the first formulas for Ricci-curvature that hold for a wide class of graphs, and extend earlier results where the Ricci-curvature for graphs with girth 6 was obtained. We also prove a general lower bound on the Ricci-curvature in terms of the size of the maximum matching in an appropriate subgraph. As a consequence, we characterize the Ricci-flat graphs of girth 5. Moreover, using our general lower bound and the Birkhoff–von Neumann theorem, we give the first necessary and sufficient condition for the structure of Ricci-flat regular graphs of girth 4. Finally, we obtain the asymptotic Ricci-curvature of random bipartite graphs G(n,n,p)$G(n,n,p)$ and random graphs G(n,p)$G(n,p)$, in various regimes of p$p$.     

关于几类图族伴随多项式的第四项系数

主要研究了几类图族伴随多项式第四项系数的规律，此结果有助于进一步讨论这些图族补图的色唯一性、色等价划分．     

On projective symmetries on Finsler spaces

There are two definitions of Einstein-Finsler spaces introduced by Akbar-Zadeh, which we will show is equal along the integral curves of I-invariant projective vector fields. The sub-algebra of the C-projective vector fields, leaving the H-curvature invariant, has been studied extensively. Here we show on a closed Finsler space with negative definite Ricci curvature reduces to that of Killing vector fields. Moreover, if an Einstein-Finsler space admits such a projective vector field then the flag curvature is constant. Finally, a classification of compact isotropic mean Landsberg manifolds admitting certain projective vector fields is obtained with respect to the sign of Ricci curvature.     

Injectivity radius bound of Ricci flow with positive Ricci curvature and applications

We study the injectivity radius bound for 3-d Ricci flow with bounded curvature. As applications, we show the long time existence of the Ricci flow with positive Ricci curvature and with curvature decay condition at infinity. We partially settle a question of Chow-Lu-Ni [Hamilton’s Ricci Flow, p. 302].     

Time-dependent Sobolev inequality along the Ricci flow

In this article, we get a time-dependent Sobolev inequality along the Ricci flow in a more general situation than those in Zhang (A uniform Sobolev inequality under Ricci flow. Int Math Res Not IMRN 2007, no 17, Art ID rnm056, 17 pp), Ye (The logarithmic Sobolev inequality along the Ricci flow. arXiv:0707.2424v2) and Hsu (Uniform Sobolev inequalities for manifolds evolving by Ricci flow. arXiv:0708.0893v1) which also generalizes the results of them. As an application of the time-dependent Sobolev inequality, we get a growth of the ratio of non-collapsing along immortal solutions of Ricci flow.     

Liouville and geodesic Ricci solitons

On a tangent bundle endowed with a pseudo-Riemannian metric of complete lift type two classes of Ricci solitons are obtained: a 1-parameter family of shrinking Liouville Ricci solitons if the base manifold is Ricci flat and a steady geodesic Ricci soliton if the base manifold is flat. A nonexistence result of geodesic Ricci solitons for the tangent bundle of a non-flat space form is also provided. To cite this article: M. Crasmareanu, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 347 (2009).     

Generalized quasi-Einstein manifolds with harmonic Weyl tensor

In this paper we introduce the notion of generalized quasi-Einstein manifold that generalizes the concepts of Ricci soliton, Ricci almost soliton and quasi-Einstein manifolds. We prove that a complete generalized quasi-Einstein manifold with harmonic Weyl tensor and with zero radial Weyl curvature is locally a warped product with (n ? 1)-dimensional Einstein fibers. In particular, this implies a local characterization for locally conformally flat gradient Ricci almost solitons, similar to that proved for gradient Ricci solitons.     

Rotational symmetry and properties of the ancient solutions of Ricci flow on surfaces

We give a simple proof for the rotational symmetry of ancient solutions of Ricci flow on surfaces. As a consequence we obtain a simple proof of some results of Daskalopoulos, Hamilton and Sesum on the a priori estimates for the ancient solutions of Ricci flow on surfaces. We also give a simple proof for the solution to be a Rosenau solution under some mild conditions on the solutions of Ricci flow on surfaces.     

Conformally Flat Algebraic Ricci Solitons on Lie Groups

The paper is devoted to the study of conformally flat Lie groups with left-invariant (pseudo) Riemannianmetric of an algebraic Ricci soliton. Previously conformally flat algebraic Ricci solitons on Lie groups have been studied in the case of small dimension and under an additional diagonalizability condition on the Ricci operator. The present paper continues these studies without the additional requirement that the Ricci operator be diagonalizable. It is proved that any nontrivial conformally flat algebraic Ricci soliton on a Lie group must be steady and have Ricci operator of Segrè type {(1... 1 2)} with a unique eigenvalue (equal to 0).     

Pseudolocality of the Ricci Flow Under Integral Bound of Curvature

We prove a pseudolocality type theorem for compact Ricci flows under local integral bounds on curvature. The main tool we use here is the local Ricci flow introduced by Deane Yang and the pseudolocality theorem due to Perelman. We also prove a theorem on the extension of the local Ricci flow.     

A harmonic mean bound for the spectral gap of the Laplacian on Riemannian manifolds

Most known lower bounds on the spectral gap of the Laplacian using Ricci curvature are based on the infimum of the Ricci curvature, and can be really poor when the Ricci curvature is large everywhere but on a small subset on which it is small. Here we show that the harmonic mean of the Ricci curvature is a lower bound on the spectral gap of the Laplacian, which partially solves the problem (unfortunately, we have to assume that the Ricci curvature is everywhere nonnegative).