香港求是科技基金会"杰出奖"简介

查济民先生及家属 1 994年初在香港创立了“求是科技基金会”,致力于推动中国科技研究工作及奖助在科技领域有成就的中国学者。基金会邀请到 5位国际知名资深教授为顾问 ,负责评奖工作 ,他们是陈省身 (数学家 )、杨振宁 (物理学家 )、周光召 (物理学家 )、李远哲 (化学家 )和简悦威 (医学家 )。1 994年首度评选出荣获“杰出科学家奖”的 1 0位学者 ,其中吴文俊院士是唯一一位数学家。次年评选了 2 0位“杰出青年学者奖”,其中数学学者为丁伟岳 (中科院数学所 )、时俭益 (华东师大 )、李安民 (四川大学 )、王诗 (北京大学 )、张伟平 (南开…     

中国院士中的数学家

20 0 3年中国科学院院士增选工作目前结束 ,58名科学家当选为中国科学院院士。陈木法 (北京师范大学 )、洪家兴 (复旦大学 )是这次新当选的两位数学家院士。中国科学院自 1 955年首次选出院士 (当时称学部委员 ) ,其中数学家共 1 0位 ,他们是 :王湘浩、华罗庚、江泽涵、吴文俊、李国平、苏步青、许宝、陈建功、柯、段学复。 1 981年选出了第二批院士、有数学家 1 1位 :王元、冯康、关肇直、谷超豪、杨乐、陆启铿、陈景润、胡世华、姜伯驹、夏道行、程民德。 1 991年第三次增选 ,数学家获选 9位 :丁夏畦、万哲先、王梓坤、石钟慈、张恭庆…     

张伟平荣获2000年度第三世界科学院奖

第三世界科学院 (TWAS)委员会每年颁发五个奖 (奖金分别为一万美元 ) ,以奖励对基础科学(生物、化学、数学、物理和基础医学 )的发展作出杰出贡献的发展中国家的科学家。 2 0 0 0年获奖的五位中 ,张伟平是唯一的中国科学家。此前 ,我国曾有三位数学家获得过此殊荣。他们是 :廖山涛院士 (1 986年 )、吴文俊院士 (1 990年 )、张恭庆院士 (1 993年 ) ,张伟平是国内获此殊荣的最年轻的数学家。他主要从事微分几何中极为重要的 Atiyah-Singer指标理论的研究。数学大师陈省身先生不久前在一次学术演讲中说 :“Wiles证明的费马定理和 Atiyah-Si…     

华罗庚入选“世界科学家传纪系列”

美国科学院刊印的“世界科学家传记系列”,反映华罗庚生平的传记《华罗庚》被列入将要出版的第 81卷中 ,这是国内首位科学家写入此传记系列当中。据悉 ,美国科学院的这个科学家传记系列已出了 81卷 ,每卷 2 0位科学家独立成章 ,每位科学家的传大约 1万多字 ,占 2 0多页。这次给华罗庚先生写传的也是一位美国著名的数学家哈贝斯坦( H.Halberstam)。华罗庚先生是国内科学家首次被写入其中 ,此前著名华人数学家陈省身先生也曾被写入其中。中科院数学所王元院士说 ,中国科学家第一次受到这样的礼遇 ,是中国科学界的光荣。华罗庚先生不但在中国…     

温籍数学家十院士

自20世纪20年代至今的大半个世纪中,在中国江南水乡的温州,涌现了一大批卓有成就的数学家。温籍数学家群体在现代中国的数学研究,数学教育,以及数学活动的组织和传播方面都作出了重大贡献,产生了广泛的社会影响。以至作为这些数学家家乡的温州,被人们美称为“数学家之乡”。2003年10月,国际数学大师陈省身教授访问温州时,就曾为此题写了“数学家之乡”5个大字(见右)。下面,就10位温籍数学家院士的主要成就,及其在现代中国数学界的影响作一概要介绍。     

华罗庚轶事——纪念华罗庚先生逝世二十周年

华罗庚(1910-1985)中国现代数学家,中国科学院院士,是新中国数学研究事业的创始人,也是中国在世界上最有影响的数学家之一、1924年金坛中学初中毕业,后刻苦自学.1930年后在清华大学任教.1936年赴英国剑     

把毕生精力献给党的教育事业--学习苏步青教授的革命精神

我国老一辈杰出数学家、教育家、著名社会活动家、中国科学院资深院士、复旦大学教授苏步青先生 ,因病于 2 0 0 3年 3月 1 7日在上海逝世 ,享年 1 0 1岁。现征得谷超豪院士同意 ,转载本文 ,谨向苏老表示最后的敬意     

2003年中国数学奥林匹克(CMO)在长沙举行

由中国数学会主办的 2 0 0 3年中国数学奥林匹克 (第 1 8届全国中学生数学冬令营 )于 2 0 0 3年1月 1 3日至 1 8日在湖南长沙举行 .本届冬令营的承办单位是长沙一中 ,这是第二次在中学举办ＣＭＯ ,第一次是去年在上海中学 .著名数学家陈省身教授、中国数学奥林匹克委员会主席王元院士都为本次活动题词 .来自内地、香港、澳门以及俄罗斯的共 36支代表队的 1 5 7名营员参加了活动 .经过两场比赛(每场 4个半小时、做 3道题 ) ,广东省代表队取得团体总分第一名 ,荣获“陈省身杯” .方家聪等 1 9名同学取得金牌 ,张凌人等 45名同学取得银牌 ,王蓉…     

吴文俊院士的科学成就

让公众更多了解数学 ,了解数学家 ,是本刊一项不懈的追求。在迎接 2 0 0 2年国际数学家大会即将在我国召开之际 ,本期发表高小山、石赫两位研究员撰写的《吴文俊院士的科学成就》一文 ,介绍了这位首届国家最高科学技术奖获得者、82岁高龄仍精力充沛地拼搏在科研第一线的著名数学家的主要科学成就。     

费尔马伪素数及其奇妙性质

1　费尔马数与伪素数1640年法国数学家费尔马发现 :F0 =3,F1=5,F2 =17,F3=2 57,F4 =65537都是素数 .据此费尔马猜想 :任何费尔马数 Fn=2 2 n 1都是素数 .然而 ,1732年瑞士数学家欧拉举出反例 :F5=641×670 0 4 17是合数 !从而推翻了费尔马猜想 .180 1年 ,德国数学家高斯证明了当且仅当 n为如下形式的数时 ,才能等分圆周 :( 1) n =2 m ;　 ( 2 ) n =Fm 为费尔马素数 ;( 3) n =2 mp1p2 … pk,其中 pi 为相异的费尔马素数 .虽然高斯完满地解决了等分圆周问题 ,但关于费尔马素数的判别却引起了人们的关注 .到目前为止 ,数学家们只发现前 5…     

追忆我的大学老师华罗庚先生

华罗庚先生离开我们已经25年了.作为他的一个老学生,对60多年前他所给予的种种指导和启发,我仍记忆犹新.谨以此文追忆华罗庚先生在大学任教期间的部分轶闻趣事,以勾勒其非凡的人生阅历、展现其特有的学术风范、彰显其崇高的个人品质.     

Remarks on the relations between the Italian and American schools of algebraic geometry in the first decades of the 20th century

In this paper we give an overview of the interactions between Italian and American algebraic geometers during the first decades of the 20th century. We focus on three mathematicians—Julian L. Coolidge, Solomon Lefschetz, and Oscar Zariski—whose relations with the Italian school were quite intense. More generally, we discuss the importance of this influence in the development of algebraic geometry in the first half of the 20th century.     

Toward a scientific and personal biography of Tullio Levi-Civita (1873–1941)

Tullio Levi-Civita was one of the most important Italian mathematicians of the first part of the 20th century, contributing significantly to a number of research fields in mathematics and physics. In addition, he was involved in the social and political life of his time and suffered severe political and racial persecution during the period of Fascism. He tried repeatedly and in several cases successfully to help colleagues and students who were victims of anti-Semitism in Italy and Germany. His scientific and private life is well documented in the letters and documents contained in his Archive. The authors' aim is to illustrate the events of his life by means of his large and remarkable correspondence.     

19世纪上半叶的无穷级数敛散性判别法

对19世纪上半叶欧洲数学家在正项级数敛散性判别方面的工作作了考察和分析.     

Contributions of Lo Yang to Value Distribution Theory

Professor Lo Yang is a world famous mathematician of our country. He made a lot of outstanding achievements in the value distribution theory of function theory, which are highly rated and widely quoted by domestic and foreign scholars. He also did a lot of work to develop Chinese mathematics. It can be said that Professor Yang is one of the mathematicians who made main influences on the mathematical development in modern China. This paper briefly introduces Professor Yang’s life, mainly discusses his academic achievement and influence, and briefly describes his contributions to the Chinese mathematics community.     

Launching mathematical research without a formal mandate: The role of university-affiliated journals in Britain, 1837–1870

For much of the 19th century, the systems of higher education in Britain provided no formal mandate for students to conduct research. This article explores the conditions facing junior mathematicians who wanted to launch research in this environment and the university-affiliated mathematical journals that provided encouragement and direction for their research.     

Macrocosmos/microcosmos: celestial mechanics and old quantum theory

The Bohr atom was a solar system in miniature. Despite many deep foundational questions related to the origin of quantized motion, rapid progress was made in its mathematical development and its apparently successful application to spectral line series. In United States, where celestial mechanics flourished throughout the 19th and well into the 20th century, mathematicians and physicists were well prepared for just this sort of problem and made it their own far faster than many areas of the new physics. This paper examines the link between classical problems of perturbation theory, three-body and N-body orbital trajectories, the Hamilton–Jacobi equation, and the old quantum theory. I discuss why it was comparatively easy for American applied mathematicians, astronomers, and mathematical physicists to make significant contributions quickly to quantum theory and why further progress toward quantum mechanics by the same cohort was, in contrast, so slow.     

Nominalism and constructivism in seventeenth-century mathematical philosophy

This paper argues that the philosophical tradition of nominalism, as evident in the works of Pierre Gassendi, Thomas Hobbes, Isaac Barrow, and Isaac Newton, played an important role in the history of mathematics during the 17th century. I will argue that nominalist philosophy of mathematics offers new clarification of the development of a “constructivist” tradition in mathematical philosophy. This nominalist and constructivist tradition offered a way for contemporary mathematicians to discuss mathematical objects and magnitudes that did not assume these entities were real in a Platonic sense, and helped lay the groundwork for formalist and instrumentalist approaches in modern mathematics.     

Karamata functions and differential equations: Achievements from the 20th century

This paper presents the major achievements of the 20th century regarding Karamata functions and the theory of differential equations, made mostly by V. Mari?, M. Tomi?, E. Omey, J.L. Geluk. The connection between these notions was first noticed by V.G. Avakumovi? (1910–1990). Slowly and regularly varying functions were introduced by J. Karamata (1902–1967). A group of mathematicians from the Karamata School of classical mathematical analysis were pioneers in research on these functions and their role in the theory of differential equations. Special attentions is given to the study of the Thomas–Fermi, Emden–Fowler and Friedmann equations, as well as the classical second order linear differential equations.     

The hidden mathematics of the mars exploration rover mission

Conclusions  A lot of the mathematics of MER is hidden and not only from the public but even from the applied scientists working on the mission. As briefly sketched above, for the scientists, this could be disastrous in a worst-case scenario. The hiding of mathematics, both in our everyday life and within science itself, is a matter not often discussed in public —which in itself is a disaster, taking into account the consequences the hiding of mathematics might have for the public. We like to think that this article may help let in some light. Another question raised by our work is that of beliefs in mathematics. Only occasionally are the beliefs of mathematicians discussed. We found repeatedly that mathematical elements of MER are not actually considered to be mathematics among the applied scientists themselves, not on first hand anyway. Is this due to the fundamentally different views of what mathematics is between applied scientists (including engineers) and pure scientists of the 20th century? We do not know. Finally, we comment on the nature of the mathematics involved in MER. Because of the extreme nature of a Mars mission, one might expect “extreme” mathematics, mathematics developed for the sole purpose of this mission.