图的下测地数和上测地数

对于图G(或有向图D)内的任意两点u和v,u—v测地线是指在u和v之间(或从u到v)的最短路．I(u,v)表示位于u—v测地线上所有点的集合,对于S(?)V(G)(或V(D)),I(S)表示所有I(u,v)的并,这里u,v∈S．G(或D)的测地数g(G)(或g(D))是使I(S)=V(G)(或I(S)=V(D))的点集S的最小基数．G的下测地数g~-(G)=min{g(D)：D是G的定向图},G的上测地数g~ (G)=max{g(D)：D是G的定向图}．对于u∈V(G)和v∈V(H),G_u H_v表示在u和v之间加一条边所得的图．本文主要研究图G_u H_v的测地数和上(下)测地数．     

图和有向图的测地数

对于图G（或者有向图D）内的任意两点u和υ,u-υ测地线是指在u和υ之间的最短路（或者从u到υ）.I（u,υ）表示位于一条u-υ测地线上所有点的集合,对于S（U∣）V（G）,I（S）表示所有I（u,υ）的并,这里u,υ∈S.图G（或者有向图D）的测地数g（G）（g（D））是使J（S）=V（G）（J（S）=V（D））的最小点集S的基数.定义G的所有定向图中测地数的最小值为G的下测地数,即g-（G）=min{g（D）：D是G的定向图）;定义G的所有定向图中测地数的最大值为G的上测地数,即g＋（G）=max{g（D）：D是G的定向图）.本文的主要目的是研究G V H 的上、下测地数,此外,文章给出了g（G）=g（G×P3）的一个充分必要条件.     

树的笛卡儿积的测地数

图G内的任意两点u和υ,u-υ测地线是指u和υ之间的最短路.I(u,υ)表示位于u一υ测地线上所有点的集合,对于子集S∈V(G),I(s)表示所有,(u,υ)的并,这里u,υ∈S.图G的测地数g(G)是使,I(s):V(G)的点集S的最小基数.本文研究了任意连通图G与树T笛卡儿积的测地数的界,同时,给出了任意两个树T1与T2笛卡儿积的测地数和树T与圈C笛卡儿积的测地数.     

图和有向图的测地数

图G内的任意两点u和v, u-v测地线是指u和v之间的最短路. I(u,v)表示 位于u-v测地线上所有点的集合, 对于子集SÍV(G), I(S)表示所有I(u,v)的并, 这里u,vÎ S. 图 G的测地数g(G)是使得I(S)=V(G)的点集S的最小基数. 对于有向图D, 类似地可定义g(D). 图G 的测地谱是G的所有定向图的测地数的集合, 记为S(G). G的下测地数g^-(G)=minS(G), 上测地数g⁺(G)=maxS(G). 文中主要研究了连通图G的g(G), g^-(G)和g⁺(G)之间的关系. 同时,还给出g(G)和g(G× K₂）相等的充分必要条件, 从而推广了 Chartrand, Harary 和 Zhang 的相关结论.     

The geodetic numbers of graphs and digraphs

For every two vertices u and v in a graph G,a u-v geodesic is a shortest path between u and v.Let I(u,v)denote the set of all vertices lying on a u-v geodesic.For a vertex subset S,let I(S) denote the union of all I(u,v)for u,v∈S.The geodetic number g(G)of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a set S with I(S)=V(G).For a digraph D,there is analogous terminology for the geodetic number g(D).The geodetic spectrum of a graph G,denoted by S(G),is the set of geodetic numbers of all orientations of graph G.The lower geodetic number is g~-(G)=minS(G)and the upper geodetic number is g~ (G)=maxS(G).The main purpose of this paper is to study the relations among g(G),g~-(G)and g~ (G)for connected graphs G.In addition,a sufficient and necessary condition for the equality of g(G)and g(G×K_2)is presented,which improves a result of Chartrand,Harary and Zhang.     

一类多重联图的邻点可区别E-全染色

设G（V,E）是一个简单图,k是一个正整数,f是一个V（G）∪E（G）到{1,2,…,k]．的映射．如果Au,v∈E（G）,则f（u）≠f（v）,f（u）≠f（uv）,f（v）≠f（uv）,C（u）≠C（v）,其中C（u）={f（u））U{f（uv）｜uv∈E（G））．称f是图G的邻点可区别E-全染色,称最小的数k为图G的邻点可区别B全色数．本文给出了星、路、圈间的多重联图的邻点可区别E-全色数．     

若干笛卡尔积图的邻点可区别E-全染色

图G(V,E)的k是一个正整数,f是V(G)∪E(G)到{1,2,…,k}的一个映射,如果u,v∈V(G),则f(u)≠f(v),f(u)≠f(uv),f(v)≠f(uv),C(u)≠C(v),称f是图G的邻点可区别E-全染色,称最小的数k为图G的邻点可区别E-全色数.得到了Pm×Pn,Pm×Cn,Cm×Cn的邻点可区别E-全色数,其中C(u)={f(u)}∪{f(uv)uv∈E(G)}.     

一类正则循环图的Cartesian积图的D(β)-点可区别Ⅵ-全染色及Ⅰ-全染色

设G是简单图,若图G的全染色f满足:1)(V)uv,vw∈E(G),有f(uv)≠f(vw);2)(V)uv∈E(G),u≠v,有f(u)≠f(v);3)(V)u,v∈V(G),0＜d(u,v)≤β,有S(u)≠S(v),这里色集合S(u)={f(u)}∪{f(uv) |uv∈E(G)}.则称f是图G的一个D(β)-点可区别Ⅰ-全染色.若f只满足条件1)和3),则称f是图G的一个D(β)-点可区别Ⅵ-全染色.研究了当β=1,2时一类正则循环图与圈的Cartesian积图的D(β)-点可区别Ⅵ-全色数和D(β)-点可区别Ⅰ-全色数,并讨论了正则图的D(β)-点可区别Ⅵ-全色数和D(β)-点可区别Ⅰ-全色数的上界.     

路和圈多重联图的邻点可区别E-全染色

设G（V,E）是一个简单图,k是一个正整数,f是一个V（G）∪E（G）到{1,2,...,k}的映射.如果u,v∈E（G）,则f（u）=f（v）,f（u）=f（uv）,f（v）=f（uv）,C（u）=C（v）,其中C（u）={f（u）}∪{f（uv）｜uv∈E（G）}.称f是图G的邻点可区别E-全染色,称最小的数k为图G的邻点可区别E-全色数.讨论了路和圈的多重联图的邻点可区别E-全色数。     

一类正则循环图的Cartesian积图的D(β)-点可区别VI-全染色及I-全染色

设G是简单图,若图G的全染色f满足:1)(?)uv,vw∈E(G),有f(uv)≠f(vw);2)(?)uv∈E(G),u≠v,有f(u)≠f(v);3)(?)u,v∈V(G),0相似文献   

Rainb ow Vertex-connection Numb er of Ladder and M¨obius Ladder

A vertex-colored graph G is said to be rainbow vertex-connected if every two vertices of G are connected by a path whose internal vertices have distinct colors, such a path is called a rainbow path. The rainbow vertex-connection number of a connected graph G, denoted by rvc(G), is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make G rainbow vertex-connected. If for every pair u, v of distinct vertices, G contains a rainbow u-v geodesic, then G is strong rainbow vertex-connected. The minimum number k for which there exists a k-vertex-coloring of G that results in a strongly rainbow vertex-connected graph is called the strong rainbow vertex-connection number of G, denoted by srvc(G). Observe that rvc(G) ≤ srvc(G) for any nontrivial connected graph G. In this paper, for a Ladder Ln, we determine the exact value of srvc(Ln) for n even. For n odd, upper and lower bounds of srvc(Ln) are obtained. We also give upper and lower bounds of the (strong) rainbow vertex-connection number of M¨obius Ladder.     

具有较小直径的三类图的对极色数

对一个连通图G,令d(u,v)表示G中两个顶点间u和v之间的距离,d表示G的直径.G的一个对极染色指的是从G的顶点集到正整数集(颜色集)的一个映射c,使得对G的任意两个不同的顶点u和v满足d(u,v)+|c(u)-c(v)|≥d.由c映射到G的顶点的最大颜色称为c的值,记作ac(c),而对G的所有对极染色c,ac(c)的最小值称为G的对极色数,记作ac(G).本文确定了轮图、齿轮图以及双星图三类图的对极色数,这些图都具有较小的直径d.     

Vertex-distinguishing E-total Coloring of Complete Bipartite Graph K_(7,n) when 7≤n≤95

Let G be a simple graph. A total coloring f of G is called an E-total coloring if no two adjacent vertices of G receive the same color, and no edge of G receives the same color as one of its endpoints. For an E-total coloring f of a graph G and any vertex x of G, let C(x) denote the set of colors of vertex x and of the edges incident with x, we call C(x) the color set of x. If C(u)≠ C(v) for any two different vertices u and v of V(G), then we say that f is a vertex-distinguishing E-total coloring of G or a VDET coloring of G for short. The minimum number of colors required for a VDET coloring of G is denoted by χ_(vt)~e(G) and is called the VDET chromatic number of G. The VDET coloring of complete bipartite graph K_(7,n)(7 ≤ n ≤ 95) is discussed in this paper and the VDET chromatic number of K_(7,n)(7 ≤ n ≤ 95) has been obtained.     

和图、整和图及模和图的几个结果

Let N denote the set of positive integers.The sum graph G (S) of a finite subset S (C) N is the graph (S,E) with uv ∈ E if and only if u v ∈ S.A graph G is said to be a sum graph if it is isomorphic to the sum graph of some S С N.By using the set Z of all integers instead of N,we obtain the definition of the integral sum graph.A graph G=(V,E) is a mod sum graph if there exists a positive integer z and a labelling,λ,of the vertices of G with distinct elements from {0,1,2,...,z-1} so that uv ∈ E if and only if the sum,modulo z,of the labels assigned to u and v is the label of a vertex of G.In this paper,we prove that flower tree is integral sum graph.We prove that Dutch m-wind-mill (Dm) is integral sum graph and mod sum graph,and give the sum number of Dm.     

某些中间图的邻点可区别E-全色数

设G（V,E）是简单连通图,T（G）为图G的所有顶点和边构成的集合,并设C是k-色集（k是正整数）,若T（G）到C的映射f满足：对任意uv∈E（G）,有f（u）≠f（v）,f（u）≠f（uv）,f（v）≠f（uv）,并且C（u）≠C（v）,其中C（u）={f（u）}∪{f（uv）｜uv∈E（G）}.那么称f为图G的邻点可区别E-全染色（简记为k-AVDETC）,并称χ_（at）~e（G）=min{k｜图G有k-邻点可区别E-全染色}为G的邻点可区别E-全色数.图G的中间图M（G）就是在G的每一个边上插入一个新的顶点,再把G上相邻边上的新的顶点相联得到的.探讨了路、圈、扇、星及轮的中间图的邻点可区别E-全染色,并给出了这些中间图的邻点可区别E-全色数.     

关于图的上可嵌入性的一个新的邻域条件

用NG(u)表示一个图G中任意点u的邻域集．L∈{K1．3,Kl，3 e}，其中K1．3,K1，3 e是G的点导出子图．本文主要证明了下述结果:设G是简单图，对L中任意两个距离为2的点u和v，即dL(u,v)=2，都有|NG(u)∩NG(v)|≥2，则G是上可嵌入的．特别地，每个L—free图是上可嵌入的．     

The fractional metric dimension of permutation graphs

Let G =(V(G), E(G)) be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). For two distinct vertices x and y of a graph G, let RG{x, y} denote the set of vertices z such that the distance from x to z is not equa l to the distance from y to z in G. For a function g defined on V(G) and for U■V(G), let g(U) =∑s∈Ug(s). A real-valued function g : V(G) → [0, 1] is a resolving function of G if g(RG{x, y}) ≥ 1 for any two distinct vertices x, y ∈ V(G). The fractional metric dimension dimf(G)of a graph G is min{g(V(G)) : g is a resolving function of G}. Let G1 and G2 be disjoint copies of a graph G, and let σ : V(G1) → V(G2) be a bijection. Then, a permutation graph Gσ =(V, E) has the vertex set V = V(G1) ∪ V(G2) and the edge set E = E(G1) ∪ E(G2) ∪ {uv | v = σ(u)}. First,we determine dimf(T) for any tree T. We show that 1 dimf(Gσ) ≤1/2(|V(G)| + |S(G)|) for any connected graph G of order at least 3, where S(G) denotes the set of support vertices of G. We also show that, for any ε 0, there exists a permutation graph Gσ such that dimf(Gσ)- 1 ε. We give examples showing that neither is there a function h1 such that dimf(G) h1(dimf(Gσ)) for all pairs(G, σ), nor is there a function h2 such that h2(dimf(G)) dimf(Gσ) for all pairs(G, σ). Furthermore,we investigate dimf(Gσ) when G is a complete k-partite graph or a cycle.     

Trees with Given Diameter Minimizing the Augmented Zagreb Index and Maximizing the ABC Index

Let G be a simple connected graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G).The augmented Zagreb index of a graph G is defined asAZI(G) =∑uv∈E(G)(d_ud_v/(d_u + d_v-2))~3,and the atom-bond connectivity index(ABC index for short) of a graph G is defined asABC(G) =∑uv∈E(G)((d_u + d_v-2)/d_ud_v),where d_u and d_v denote the degree of vertices u and v in G,respectively.In this paper,trees with given diameter minimizing the augmented Zagreb index and maximizing the ABC index are determined,respectively.