双开关的三部件冷贮备系统可靠性分析

双开关的冷贮备系统,会提高冷贮备部件的使用效率.讨论由三个不同型部件和双开关组成的冷贮备不可修系统和可修系统,转换开关是完全可靠的,且每次只能转换一个开关.首先假设部件的工作寿命和维修时间都服从指数分布、所有随机变量均相互独立,求出了不可修系统可靠度.然后考虑在工作期间系统会受到泊松冲击过程和自然退化过程的影响,分析了在泊松冲击下双开关的三部件冷贮备系统的退化模型,得到了系统可靠度的计算公式.最后利用马尔可夫过程理论讨论了可修系统,在优先权的条件下求出系统可靠性的稳态指标、平均指标、系统可靠度以及首次故障前平均时间.     

开关寿命连续型二部件温贮备可修系统的可靠性分析

本文对由2个部件组成的开关寿命为连续随机变量的温贮备可修系统,当部件的工作时间和维修时间以及转换开关的寿命和修理时间均服从指数分布,所有随机变量均相互独立,故障部件和转换开关能修复如新的情况下作了可靠性分析,建立了该类系统模型,给出了系统可靠度R（t)和首次故障前的平均时间MTTFF的解析表达式。     

具有使用及维修优先权的三部件冷贮备系统的几何模型

研究了两个不同型部件串联带有一个冷贮备部件的可修型冷贮备系统.假定三个部件的工作时间和维修时间均服从指数分布,对部件2的修理是几何维修而对部件1和3的修理则是修复如新,且部件2比部件3有优先使用权和优先维修权.在这些假设下,运用补充变量法与几何过程理论,得出了系统可靠度,首次故障前平均时间,可用度,瞬时故障频度和修理工空闲的概率等可靠性指标.     

有优先权且工作故障与贮备故障后的修理时间不相同的温贮备系统的可靠性分析

为了解决开关寿命为连续随机变量且部件工作故障的修理时间与贮备故障后的修理时间各不相同的问题,利用Markov过程理论和Laplace变换方法,研究了有优先权的两不同型部件和两不同修理工组成的温贮备可修系统.假定部件的工作寿命、贮备寿命、工作故障的修理时间和贮备故障的修理时间均服从不同的指数分布,得到了该系统的可靠度Laplace变换和系统的首次故障前平均时间的解析表达式.     

单向关闭两不同部件串联一部件冷贮备的三部件可修系统的可靠性

本文考虑单向关闭两个不同型部件串联和一个部件冷贮备的可修系统的可靠性.假设所有部件的寿命均为指数分布,修理时间为一般连续型分布.利用补充变量法,拉普拉斯变换和拉普拉斯-斯梯阶变换工具,研究系统的可用度,系统的可靠度以及系统在(0,t]内的故障频度.     

泊松冲击下单部件混合贮备系统可靠性分析

研究的是泊松冲击下由三同型部件组成的单部件混合贮备系统可靠性.在系统三部件分别为工作部件、温贮备部件和冷贮备部件假定下,且假定三部件在工作过程中都是接着工作、修理、冷贮备、温贮备、工作依次进行状态转移,同时假设部件寿命和维修时间都服从指数分布,利用基本概率理论和马尔可夫过程理论分别对不可修和可修两类系统进行讨论得到相关可靠性指标.     

基于可靠性指标的冷贮备可修系统与单部件可修系统关系分析

讨论冷贮备可修系统与单部件可修系统在可靠性指标方面的关系,具有理论价值和实际意义.首先讨论由两部件组成的冷贮备可修系统与单部件可修系统的关系,假设冷贮备可修系统的每个部件的工作寿命都服从一般分布,部件故障后的修理时间服从指数分布,得到在稳态可用度、稳态故障频度、瞬时可用度和瞬时故障频度等指标方面冷贮备可修系统等价于相应的单部件可修系统,推导了若干个定理和推论,给出了相应结论;然后探讨带有冷贮备的多部件串联系统在求解可靠性指标时转化为相应单部件系统的思路:将带有一个冷贮备的多部件串联可修系统等价为一般的串联系统,进一步等价单部件可修系统.为工程上广泛存在的带有冷贮备的多部件系统的可靠性指标计算提供基础及相应公式.     

修理工单重休假且不能修复如新的冷储备可修系统

研究两个同型部件和一个修理工组成的冷储备系统.假定部件的寿命和修理时间均为指数分布,修理工可以休假且部件不能修复如新,利用几何过程和补充变量法得到系统的可用度和可靠度,以及修理工处于休假和空闲的概率等一些可靠性指标.     

有优先权且有两不同修理设备的两部件冷贮备可修系统的可靠性分析

在开关不完全可靠的情况下,研究了两个不同型部件和两个修理设备组成的冷贮备系统.在部件1有工作和修理优先权的条件下,建立了在部件和开关工作寿命及修理时间均服从指数分布的可修系统模型,利用Markov理论和Laplace变换,给出了系统可靠度的Laplace表达式及系统的稳态指标.     

定数截尾数据缺失场合下冷贮备串联系统可靠性指标的经验Bayes估计

在定数截尾缺失数据样本下,研究了冷贮备串联系统的可靠性指标评估问题.将经典估计方法和Bayes方法相结合得到了部件的平均寿命、系统可靠度及平均寿命等可靠性指标的Bayes点估计和区间估计.最后利用随机模拟例子说明了方法的正确性和可行性.     

n个同型部件k个修理设备的冷贮备可修系统的可靠度研究

在设定元件的工作寿命和维修时间的分布都是负指数分布,全部随机变量都互相独立,发生故障的元件能够修成新的前提下,对由n个同种型号的元件和k(k≤n)个设备修理构成的冷贮存可修体系的可靠性方面进行分析,构建关于此体系的数学模型,获得了n个同种型号元件的冷贮存体系在k个设备修理的情况下的可靠度,且探讨在修理设备k值不相同的情况的可靠度,并针对n=3的情况下,分析修理设备数不相同情况下的可靠度。     

泊松冲击下冷贮备可修系统的可靠性分析

本文研究了一类由有限个同质部件和一个修理工组成的冷贮备可修系统在随机冲击下的可靠性问题。假设冲击以泊松过程到达。当冲击到达时,它会独立地对系统中工作的部件产生影响,而不会对冷贮备部件产生影响。每次冲击的量都服从某一确定的分布,受冲击的部件以一定的概率发生故障,其故障概率是冲击量的函数,当工作的部件发生故障时,下一个冷贮备部件立即开始工作,当所有部件故障时,系统故障,故障部件按故障顺序进行修理,修理时间服从指数分布,故障部件能被修理如新。本文显式给出了系统首次故障前平均时间、稳态可用度、稳态故障频度等可靠性指标。     

Reliability analysis of two-unit cold standby repairable systems under Poisson shocks

This paper analyses the reliability of a cold standby system consisting of two repairable units, a switch and a repairman. At any time, one of the two units is operating while the other is on cold standby. The repairman may not always at the job site, or take vacation. We assume that shocks can attack the operating unit. The arrival times of the shocks follow a homogeneous Poisson process and their magnitude is a random variable following a known distribution. Time on repairing a failed unit and the length of repairman’s vacation follow general continuous probability distributions, respectively. The paper derives a number of reliability indices: system reliability, mean time to first failure, steady-state availability, and steady-state failure frequency.     

基于马尔科夫过程的储备系统稳态性能分析

由于储备系统组成部件在存储期间的失效概率各不相同,当部件状态趋于稳定时,各个状态对系统性能的影响也存在差异。为了识别关键部件及其状态对系统性能的影响程度,本文以重要度为主要指标,应用马尔科夫过程研究储备系统在稳态时的性能变化模式。首先基于综合重要度研究系统性能的变化规律,并结合冷储备系统和温储备系统的状态转移矩阵推导出马尔科夫过程中稳态值的计算方法;其次基于稳态综合重要度获得系统稳态时的性能变化模式;最后以双臂机器人为例,分析部件处于不同状态时对系统性能的影响模式,比较了不同部件综合重要度的变化,验证了提出方法的有效性。     

Cost and probabilistic analysis of series systems with mixed standby components

This paper deals with the reliability and availability characteristics of four different series system configurations with mixed standby (include cold standby and warm standby) components. The failure times of the primary and warm standby components are assumed to be exponentially distributed with parameters λ and , respectively. The repair time distribution of each server is also exponentially distributed with parameter μ. We derive the mean time-to-failure, MTTF, and the steady-state availability, A_T(∞), for four configurations and perform comparisons. For all four configurations, comparisons are done for specific values of distribution parameters and of the cost of the components. Finally, the configurations are ranked based on: MTTF, A_T(∞), and cost/benefit where benefit is either MTTF or A_T(∞).     

Cold vs. hot standby mission operation cost minimization for 1-out-of-N systems

It is well recognized that using the hot standby redundancy provides fast restoration in the case of failures. However the redundant elements are exposed to working stresses before they are used, which reduces the overall system reliability. Moreover, the cost of maintaining the hot redundant elements in the operational state is usually much greater than the cost of keeping them in the cold standby mode. Therefore, there exists a tradeoff between the cost of losses associated with the restoration delays and the operation cost of standby elements. Such a trade-off can be obtained by designing both hot and cold redundancy types into the same system. Thus a new optimization problem arises for the standby system design. The problem, referred to in this work as optimal standby element distributing and sequencing problem (SE-DSP) is to distribute a fixed set of elements between cold and hot standby groups and select the element initiation sequence so as to minimize the expected mission operation cost of the system while providing a desired level of system reliability. This paper first formulates and solves the SE-DSP problem for 1-out-of-N: G heterogeneous non-repairable standby systems. A numerical method is proposed for evaluating the system reliability and expected mission cost simultaneously. This method is based on discrete approximation of time-to-failure distributions of the system elements. A genetic algorithm is used as an optimization tool for solving the formulated optimization problem. Examples are given to illustrate the considered problem and the proposed solution methodology.     

Allocations of cold standbys to series and parallel systems with dependent components

In the context of industrial engineering, cold‐standby redundancies allocation strategy is usually adopted to improve the reliability of coherent systems. This paper investigates optimal allocation strategies of cold standbys for series and parallel systems comprised of dependent components with left/right tail weakly stochastic arrangement increasing lifetimes. For the case of heterogeneous and independent matched cold standbys, it is proved that better redundancies should be put in the nodes having weaker [better] components for series [parallel] systems. For the case of homogeneous and independent cold standbys, it is shown that more redundancies should be put in standby with weaker [better] components to enhance the reliability of series [parallel] systems. The results developed here generalize and extend those corresponding ones in the literature to the case of series and parallel systems with dependent components. Numerical examples are also presented to provide guidance for the practical use of our theoretical findings.     

Modeling and analysis of system reliability using phase‐type distribution closure properties

Phase‐type distribution closure properties are utilized to devise algorithms for generating reliability functions of systems with basic structures. These structures include series, parallel, K‐out‐of‐N, and standby structures with perfect/imperfect switch. The algorithms form a method for system reliability modeling and analysis based on the relationship between the system lifetime and component lifetimes for general structures. The proposed method is suitable for functional system reliability analysis, which can produce reliability functions of systems with independent components instead of only system reliability values. Once the system reliability function is obtained, other reliability measures such as the system's hazard function and mean time to failure can be obtained efficiently using only matrix algebra. Dimensional and numerical comparisons with computerized symbolic processing are also presented to show the superiority of the proposed method.