一个向量恒等式及其应用

本文提出一个形式优美的向量恒等式，用它来证明斯图瓦尔特定理就显得简单而别致．让我们先复习一下有向线段A百的数量的概念：根据A白与有向直线2的方向相同或相反，分别把它的长度加上正号或负号，这样所得的数，叫作有向线段的数量，记为AB．     

一个向量恒等式的补注及再推广

本刊文[1]郭味纯老师给出了一个向量恒等式．定理1设A1、A2、A3是有向线段l上任意三点，     

Brianchon定理在二次曲线外切2n边形中的推广

利用有向面积方法,对二次曲线外切2n边形(n≥2)进行研究,得到二次曲线外切2n边形(n≥2)中有向面积的几个定值定理及其推论,从而把射影几何中著名的Brianchon定理推广到二次曲线外切2n边形的情形.     

有向P2-路图的结构性质

一个有向图D的有向Pk-路图Pk(D)是通过把D中的所有有向k长路作为点集;两点u= x1x2…xk+1,v=y1y2…yk+1之间有弧uv当xi=yi-1,i=2,3,…,k+1.明显地,当k=1时Pk(D)就是通常的有向线图L(D).在[1,2]中,P2-路图得到完整刻画.在[3]中,Broersma等人研究了有向...     

几类有向图的奇优美标号

给出了有向奇优美图的定义并讨论了直径较小的、特殊图类的有向图的奇优美标号,得到了一些相关结论和猜想.     

抛物类二次曲线外切多边形中有向面积的定值定理及其应用

利用有向面积定值法,对抛物线外切多边形中的对角线三角形和切点三角形之间的关系进行研究,得到抛物类二次曲线外切n边形(n≥4)中有向面积的一个定值定理,并据此推出抛物线外切多边形中三线共点的点多达n(n-3)个,以及射影几何中著名的Brianchon定理等结论.     

模糊有穷自动机的互模拟关系

互模拟是离散事件系统中的一个等价关系,它已经应用到概率、随机和加权自动机中.本文给出模糊有穷自动机(FFA)前向互模拟关系和后向互模拟关系的定义,并给出它们的一些性质,证明前向和后向互模拟关系对于模糊有穷自动机(FFA)的一些运算(并,连接,交)和模糊正则语言的表现定理是封闭的.另外文中还给出一个可在有限步计算极大前向互模拟关系的算法,最后指出前向和后向互模拟之间的区别.     

从几何直观的视角理解行列式

行列式理论是线性代数课程的一个重要内容.从平行四边形的有向面积、平行六面体的有向体积以及它们的几何直观性质引进低阶行列式的定义,可以帮助学习者从几何直观的角度更好地理解行列式的定义以及行列式的性质.克莱姆法则、矩阵乘积的行列式以及代数余子式等代数概念都可以进行几何直观的解释.     

有向S—回路和有向S—迹

本文给出了有向生成回路和有向生成迹的几个充分条件。 设G为强连通1—图,无环,n阶。对于G的任两不相邻顶点x,y。①如果 d(x)+d(y)≥2n+1。那么对于G的任两顶点u和v,或有u-v有向S-迹,或有v-u有向S-迹。②如果 d(x)+d(y)≥2n-3。那么G含有向S-回路。     

多面体重心的两个性质

本文首先应用解析法 ,建立“点到平面的有向距离”概念 ,然后给出多面体重心的两个有趣性质 .定义 1　在空间直角坐标系内 ,设点P的坐标为 (x0 ,y0 ,z0 ) ,平面π的方程为Ax +By +Cz +D=0 .令d =Ax0 +By0 +Cz0 +DA2 +B2 +C2 (1)则d称为点P到平面π的有向距离 .多面体的重心定义如下 :定义 2　在空间直角坐标系内 ,设多面体A1A2…An 的顶点Ai 的坐标 (xi,yi,zi) (i =1,2 ,… ,n) .令　x′ =1n ∑ni=1xi,y′ =1n ∑ni=1yi,z′ =1n ∑ni=1zi (2 )则点G(x′ ,y′z′)称为顶点系的重心 .由定义 1,2 ,我们获得了下述性质 .定理 1　在空间…     

Structure and Properties of Nanocrystalline Oxide Powders

The crystalline and porous structure of superfine powders and fibers made of alumina and zirconia doped with yttria is investigated. The particle sizes were determined by the methods of coherent dispersion and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Based on data on the sizes of crystallites of the metal oxides, which were obtained by different methods, it is found that crystalline transformations of the oxides lead to dispersion of the materials. The structural transformations of the superfine oxides are accompanied by changes in crystallite sizes and in the character and size of pores. The laws established allow one to purposefully control the process of producing nanostructured oxide powders and fibers, which can be utilized as active fillers for composite materials based on various matrices. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 831–840, November–December, 2005.     

Effects of permeability and viscosity in linear polymeric gels

We propose and analyze a mathematical model of the mechanics of gels, consisting of the laws of balance of mass and linear momentum of the polymer and liquid components of the gel. We consider a gel to be an immiscible and incompressible mixture of a nonlinearly elastic polymer and a fluid. The problems that we study are motivated by predictions of the life cycle of body‐implantable medical devices. Scaling arguments suggest neglecting inertia terms, and therefore, we consider the quasi‐static approximation to the dynamics. We focus on the linearized system about stress‐free states, uniform expansions, and compressions and derive sufficient conditions for the solvability of the time‐dependent problems. These turn out to be conditions that guarantee local stability of the equilibrium solutions. We also consider non‐stress free equilibria and states with residual stress and derive an energy law for the corresponding time‐dependent system. The conditions that guarantee stability of solutions provide a selection criteria of the material parameters of devices. The boundary conditions that we consider are of two types, displacement‐traction and permeability of the gel surface to the fluid. We address the cases of viscous and inviscid solvent, assume Newtonian dissipation for the polymer component, and establish existence of weak solutions for the different boundary permeability conditions and viscosity assumptions. We present two‐dimensional, finite element numerical simulations to study stress concentration on edges, this being the precursor to debonding of the gel from its substrate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rigid isotopy classification of real algebraic curves of bidegree (3,3) on quadrics

A rigid isotopy of nonsingular real algebraic curves on a quadric is a path in the space of such curves of a given bidegree. We obtain the rigid isotopy classification of nonsingular real algebraic curves of bidegree (3, 3) on a hyperboloid and on an ellipsoid. We also study of the space of real algebraic curves of bidegree (3, 3) with a single node or cusp. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 810–815, December, 1999.     

Cocyclic Codes of Length 40

There are 5 groups of order 20. This paper reports on the search for binary self-dual codes of length 40, cocyclic over any one of the first four groups, using cocyclic Hadamard matrices and the [I, A] construction. The fifth group is not investigated here. A total of 28 classes of extremal cocyclic self-dual codes were found—27 of these are doubly-even and one singly-even. The majority of these classes arise from the dihedral-cocyclic Hadamard matrices. There is also a class of dihedral-cocyclic Hadamard matrices which gives a large collection of [40, 20] codes with only one codeword of length 4.     

Survey on path and cycle embedding in some networks

To find a cycle (resp. path) of a given length in a graph is the cycle (resp. path) embedding problem. To find cycles of all lengths from its girth to its order in a graph is the pancyclic problem. A stronger concept than the pancylicity is the panconnectivity. A graph of order n is said to be panconnected if for any pair of different vertices x and y with distance d there exist xy-paths of every length from d to n. The pancyclicity or the panconnectivity is an important property to determine if the topology of a network is suitable for some applications where mapping cycles or paths of any length into the topology of the network is required. The pancyclicity and the panconnectivity of interconnection networks have attracted much research interest in recent years. A large amount of related work appeared in the literature, with some repetitions. The purpose of this paper is to give a survey of the results related to these topics for the hypercube and some hypercube-like networks.      

Boundary-Value Problems of the Theory of Thin and Nonthin Orthotropic Shells with Account of Nonlinearly Elastic Properties and Low Shear Rigidity of Composite Materials

The basic geometric and physical relations and resolving equations of the theory of thin and nonthin orthotropic composite shells with account of nonlinear properties and low shear rigidity of their materials are presented. They are derived based on two theories, namely the theory of anisotropic shells employing the Timoshenko or Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis and the nonlinear theory of elasticity and plasticity of anisotropic media in combination with the Lagrange variational principle. The procedure and algorithm for the numerical solution of nonlinear (linear) problems are based on the method of successive approximations, the difference-variational method, and the Lagrange multiplier method. Calculations of the stress-strain state for a spherical shell with a circular opening loaded with internal pressure are presented. The effect of transverse shear strains and physical nonlinearity of the material on the distribution of maximum deflections and circumferential stresses in the shell, obtained according to two variants of the shell theories, is studied. A comparison of the results of the problem solution in linear and nonlinear statements with and without account of the shell shear strains is given. The numerical data obtained for thin and nonthin (medium thick) composite shells are analyzed.     

Torsional vibrations and dispersion of torsional waves in orthotropic composite rods

The Barr’s refined theory of torsional vibrations of isotropic rods of noncircular cross section is generalized for an orthotropic material. An analysis of natural frequencies of torsional vibration of free-free orthotropic prismatic rods of rectangular cross section is carried out with the help of an exact solution of the frequency equation. For orthotropic CFRP and GFRP rods, the improved theory, which takes into account the normal stresses and inertia forces in the axial direction, in some cases, predicts a noticeable raise in the natural frequencies compared with those following from the Saint-Venant classical theory. A good agreement is obtained between the experimental and calculated values of natural frequencies of torsional vibrations of rectangular quartz and fiber glass rods. The dispersion of torsional waves in an orthotropic quasi-homogeneous rod is considered. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 165–182, March–April, 2008.     

Best approximation by downward sets with applications

We develop a theory of downward sets for a class of normed ordered spaces. We study best approximation in a normed ordered space X by elements of downward sets, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for any element of best approximation by a closed downward subset of X. We also characterize strictly downward subsets of X, and prove that a downward subset of X is strictly downward if and only if each its boundary point is Chebyshev. The results obtained are used for examination of some Chebyshev pairs （W,x）, where ∈ X and W is a closed downward subset of X     

Creep of polymer concrete in the nonlinear region

Two polyester-based polymer concretes with various volume content of diabase as an extender and aggregate are tested in creep under compression at different stress levels. The phenomenological and structural approaches are both used to analyze the experimental data. Common features of changes in the instantaneous and creep compliances are clarified, and a phenomenological creep model which accounts for the changes in the instantaneous compliance and in the retardation spectrum depending on the stress level is developed. It is shown that the model can be used to describe the experimental results of stress relaxation and creep under repeated loading. Modeling of the composite structure and subsequent solution of the optimization problem confirm the possibility of the existence of an interphase layer more compliant than the binder. A direct correlation between the interphase volume content and the instantaneous compliance of the composite is revealed. It is found that the distinction in nonlinearity of the viscoelastic behavior of the two polymer concretes under investigation can be due to the difference in their porosity. Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000.) Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 147–164, 2000.     

Paths and cycles of hypergraphs

Hypergraphs are the most general structures in discrete mathematics. Acyclic hypergraphs have been proved very useful in relational databases. New systems of axioms for paths, connectivity and cycles of hypergraphs are constructed. The systems suit the structure properties of relational databases. The concepts of pseudo cycles and essential cycles of hypergraphs are introduced. They are relative to each other. Whether a family of cycles of a hypergraph is dependent or independent is defined. An enumeration formula for the maximum number of independent essential cycles of a hypergraph is given.