基于灰色系统理论的平行数据模型及其在人才供求中的应用

以某普通高等学校毕业生和就业学生为分析对象.以灰色系统理论为基础,通过DGM(1,1)模型获取了2006—2007年该高校毕业人数和就业人数的预测值.并结合2001年到2005年统计数据,利用平行数据模型建立起了普通高等学校毕业人数与就业人数之间的关系模型,揭示了高校人才供求间的结构关系和政策影响力度.最后提出了几点相关建议.     

基础学科毕业生就业流向调查分析

随着高校扩招,高等教育进入大众化阶段,高校毕业生就业难的问题也相伴而生.当前高校毕业生就业形势紧张,且呈多元化趋势.与应用学科学生比较,基础学科学生就业竞争力相对较弱,就业情况更加不容乐观.这与基础学科本身基础性强、成才所需教育年限长等因素密切相关.本文调查了高校基础学科毕业生就业的流向,并从学科定位、课程设置、学生自身因素等方面分析了制约基础学科学生就业的具体因素,提出了扩大基础学科毕业生就业空间的对策.     

数据包络分析在高等教育绩效测评中的应用研究综述

数据包络分析自从20世纪70年代末被著名运筹学家Charnes等人提出以来,与层次分析法一样被广泛应用到各种生产领域的评价问题中,尤其是对多输入和多输出系统的绩效评价问题.而高等教育就是一个典型的多输入和多输出系统.通过总结数据包络分析法在大学整体办学效益评估、大学内部院系绩效评价、大学科学研究绩效评价、大学人才培养绩效评价等方面的应用成果,指出了应用数据包络分析研究高等教育绩效的不足并展望了未来可能的研究重点.     

基于解释结构模型的大学生就业能力因子分析——以工业工程专业为例

运用调查法从用人单位和应届大学毕业生两个视角提取20个就业能力因子,发现不同视角下,就业能力因子存在较大差异.构建大学生就业能力因子解释结构模型,结果显示,20个因子可分为4层,一些处于模型底层的因子没有得到大学生足够的重视,这也是导致应急式的大学生就业能力培养模式和用人单位招聘困境的根本原因.注重"循序渐进"的提高、强化"专业技术"和"个性心理"两个方面核心能力的培养、用人单位介入培养过程是提升大学生就业能力的有效途径.     

我国研究生教育规模影响因素分析及预测

灰色关联度方法对我国研究生教育规模相关影响因素的定量分析结果表明,高等教育规模、科技教育投入和经济发展水平因素与我国研究生教育规模存在显著的影响关系,而就业状况和人口总规模并未对我国研究生教育规模变化产生显著影响. GM(1,1)模型对未来研究生在学人数和每千人在学研究生数的预测结果显示,在保持现状的情况下,研究生教育规模在未来一定时期内仍将低速稳定增长.实证研究结论给我们以一些重要启示.     

动态投入产出模型及其在高等教育成本分析中的应用

高等院校教育成本核算一直是人们关心的重要问题.把高等院校大学生培养过程,看作人才的生产与加工过程,投入高中毕业生(原材料)以及教学、办公楼等固定资本与教职员工等劳动工时,生产或毕业高校大学毕业生,从而建立高等教育的动态投入产出模型,并由此推导高等院校大学生教育成本的计算公式,指出在计算教育成本时,固定资本租金率与高校规模扩张速度之间的关系,指出进一步深入研究的方向.     

“深化数学基础课程教学改革研讨会”召开

由全国高校教学研究中心、教育部非数学类专业数学基础课程教指委、高教出版社和上海交大国家工科数学教学基地联合举办的“深化大学非数学专业类数学基础课程教学改革”研讨会 ,于 2 0 0 3年 10月 18日～ 2 0日在上海交大举行 来自全国 5 0余所学校近 10 0名代表参加了会议 中国高教学会周远请会长在会上做了题为“应对小康社会 ,建设高等教育强国”的报告 ,他从规模、质量、结构、效益和思想等方面详细阐述了对建设高等教育强国的思考 上海交大叶取源副校长就“一流的理科 ,强大的工科”办学理念和该校数学系的发展 ,在开幕式上讲了话…     

我国东西部高等教育布局结构研究

关于我国东西部高等教育布局均衡性问题,目前国内的研究观点和结论大相径庭,研究方法各不相同.一种观点认为,东西部高等教育无论从规模还是从质量上都有相当大的差距;另一种观点认为,在某种意义下,高等教育并不存在东西部分布的不均衡.本文针对我国高等学校地理(空间)布局的不平衡问题及目前研究方法的缺陷,采用国际上通用的衡量分布不平衡的G IN I模型,对基本衡量指标作相对化处理,分析了东西部高等教育的差异及变化趋势;提出西部高等教育发展的对策及建议.     

关于在大学数学教学中加强几何教学的几点意见

在大学数学教学中比较普遍地存在着几何课程和内容萎缩的现象 .这种现象的出现已经有相当的时间了 ,包括相当一部分高等学校的数学专业 (除了某些师范院校 ) ,以及几乎全部高等学校的非数学专业的数学课程教学计划 ,都有这种情况发生 .在大学数学教学中几何教学的内容只剩下空间解析几何 ,而其目标也缩减成对于空间中简单形体的了解和描述 ,满足于使学生能够示意性地画出积分区域 .这种状况与当代数学发展的现状完全是脱节的 ,和提高学生数学素质的要求也是不符合的 .因为几何学过去是、而现在仍然是人类认识客观世界的一门重要学科 ,数学的…     

信息与计算科学专业社会适用型人才培养模式探讨

信息与计算科学专业是为适应社会经济发展需要设置的新专业.但随着办学时间的增加和社会需求的变化,该专业的人才培养模式出现一些不足,需要进行改革.我们根据多年的教学和办学经验,在分析了该专业存在问题的基础上,从专业定位、专业课程体系改革、实践教学体系改革和学生创业能力的培养等四个方面探讨了如何构建该专业社会适用型人才培养模...     

Mathematica™ in context

Aspects of the problem of teaching introductory undergraduate mathematics are considered in the context of both an increased participation rate in higher education as well as increasingly sophisticated computational technology. In particular, some of the changes in student and governmental expectations of course outcomes are canvassed, and an ongoing project initiated as a response both to these changes and to the availability of modern computational algebra systems that have sophisticated user interfaces is described. The project's aim is to develop students' mathematical understanding by undertaking practical laboratory work focused on applications that are perceived by students to be relevant to their social context and employment aspirations.     

改进BP神经网络及其在陕西就业预测中的应用

就业是一个非常重要的社会和经济统计指标.世界各国政府都非常重视就业问题,将增加就业率作为政府的工作目标.要想解决就业矛盾,就应该对就业问题的未来发展趋势有一个清醒的认识,从而做出正确的决策.本文提出了一种基于因果关系理论、协整理论用于控制与预测的改进BP神经网络,并将其应用于陕西省就业的控制和预测中.     

Widening participation in higher education: student quantitative skills and independent learning as impediments to progression

The UK government's widening participation strategy, and the concomitant development of a mass higher education system, has imposed a variety of pressures on higher education institutions. Not least of these is the changing nature of the student population, and the assumptions that can be made about its skills and knowledge base. It should not be surprising that this rapid expansion of the higher education system has resulted in declining student progression and retention rates. This paper takes a case study approach and attempts to identify the range of factors that might explain the variability of student performance on a first year undergraduate introductory statistics module. The paper concludes that there are no simple predictors of success or failure. However, there is evidence to suggest that any innovations in delivery need to take account of individual student development and that the presumption that students can rapidly become independent learners upon initial entry to higher education is an unrealistic one.     

Mathematics students’ next steps after graduation

This article is about what happens to newly minted mathematics graduates. It explores data from the first destination statistics from the perspective of mathematics lecturers and others involved in institutions that provide a higher education in mathematics. It also looks at reasons why this issue is important to those engaged in the higher education of mathematics undergraduates. A key finding is that the employment of mathematics graduates is concentrated in the sector of the economy that includes banking, property and financial services which makes the employment prospects for new graduates in mathematics vulnerable to recession in that sector.     

Costs and efficiency of higher education institutions in England: a DEA analysis

As student numbers in higher education in the UK have expanded during recent years, it has become increasingly important to understand its cost structure. This study applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to higher education institutions in England to assess their cost structure, efficiency and productivity. The paper complements an earlier study that used parametric methods to analyse the same panel data. Interestingly, DEA provides estimates of subject-specific unit costs that are in the same ballpark as those provided by the parametric methods. The paper then extends the previous analysis and finds that further student number increases of the order of 20–27% are feasible through exploiting operating and scale efficiency gains and also adjusting student mix. Finally the paper uses a Malmquist index approach to assess productivity change in the UK higher education. The results reveal that for a majority of institutions productivity has actually decreased during the study period.     

山东省三次产业就业需求结构分析与预测研究

本文采用成分数据建模方法,构建了山东省三次产业就业结构预测模型和偏最小二乘通径分析模型,并利用所构建的模型对山东省2007年～2010年三次产业就业结构进行了预测分析,分析了山东省三次产业就业需求结构与产业投资结构、三次产业产值结构之间的关联关系.研究发现,山东省第一、二、三次产业就业需求结构由2000年的(53.1%:23.6%:23.3%)逐步优化,到2010年将演变为(23.6%:43.5%:32.9%),与现代产业发展规律相比还滞后很多.第二产业就业需求呈增长趋势,与我国经济发展处于工业化中期相符,为适应这种发展,第三产业就业比重尚显不足,急需大力发展第三产业以促进就业需求.通径分析模型测算结果显示,山东省产业就业需求结构发展呈现出较明显的投资拉动模式.其中,第一、三产业的投资对GDP,GDP对就业均有较强的拉动作用,且拉动效率较高;第二产业的投资对GDP有较强的拉动作用,随着制造产业的技术进步,第二产业产值的增大将通过促进第三产业的发展拉动就业.加大对三次产业的投资特别是第三产业的投资以增强第三产业吸纳就业的能力是提高就业需求的有效途径.     

Integrated market selection and production planning: complexity and solution approaches

Emphasis on effective demand management is becoming increasingly recognized as an important factor in operations performance. Operations models that account for supply costs and constraints as well as a supplier’s ability to influence demand characteristics can lead to an improved match between supply and demand. This paper presents a class of optimization models that allow a supplier to select, from a set of potential markets, those markets that provide maximum profit when production/procurement economies of scale exist in the supply process. The resulting optimization problem we study possesses an interesting structure and we show that although the general problem is ${\mathcal{NP}}$ -complete, a number of relevant and practical special cases can be solved in polynomial time. We also provide a computationally very efficient and intuitively attractive heuristic solution procedure that performs extremely well on a large number of test instances.     

Interpreting supply chain dynamics: A quasi-chaos perspective

Chaotic phenomena, chaos amplification and other interesting nonlinear behaviors have been observed in supply chain systems. Chaos can be defined theoretically if the dynamics under study are produced only by deterministic factors. However, deterministic settings rarely present themselves in reality. In fact, real data are typically unknown. How can the chaos theory and its related methodology be applied in the real world? When the demand is stochastic, the interpretation and distribution of the Lyapunov exponents derived from the effective inventory at different supply chain levels are not similar to those under deterministic demand settings. Are the observed dynamics of the effective inventory random, chaotic, or simply quasi-chaos? In this study, we investigate a situation whereby the chaos analysis is applied to a time series as if its underlying structure, deterministic or stochastic, is unknown. The result shows clear distinction in chaos characterization between the two categories of demand process, deterministic vs. stochastic. It also highlights the complexity of the interplay between stochastic demand processes and nonlinear dynamics. Therefore, caution should be exercised in interpreting system dynamics when applying chaos analysis to a system of unknown underlying structure. By understanding this delicate interplay, decision makers have the better chance to tackle the problem correctly or more effectively at the demand end or the supply end.     

受教育程度与就业之间的对应分析

利用对应分析理论和方法,对受教育程度与就业之间进行综合数据分析,从理论上研究了受教育程度与就业之间的对应关系,并为教育政策和就业政策制定者提供数据分析方法和合理的、可行的促进就业的建议.     

高校公共就业服务个人自愿供给对就业水平影响机理的实证研究

“多中心治理”框架下完善的公共就业服务体系应该是政府供给、市场供给和自愿供给的有效融合,公共就业服务自愿供给机制能否有效弥补政府供给和市场供给的相对不足。文章构建了公共就业服务个人自愿供给影响就业的逻辑回归模型,基于4所高校3336份问卷调查的实际数据进行了实证检验,实证结果表明,无论是基于个体自选择信息还是利用个体志愿者多维行为特征的整合来确定个体志愿者的身份,大学生公共就业服务自愿供给均对就业产生显著正向影响,而且不同类型的公共就业服务自愿供给对就业影响存在显著差异,提供就业信息、传授求职经验、介绍面试技巧3类自愿供给服务对就业影响最显著,而介绍简历制作技巧类自愿供给对提升就业无影响。