On the diophantine equation

In this paper we prove that the equation , , , , , has only the solutions and with is a prime power. The proof depends on some new results concerning the upper bounds for the number of solutions of the generalized Ramanujan-Nagell equations.

     

Conjugacy Classes of

Let be a quadratic extension of a global field , of characteristic not two, and the integral closure in of a Dedekind ring of -integers in . Then is isomorphic to the spinorial kernel for an indefinite quadratic -lattice of rank 4. The isomorphism is used to study the conjugacy classes of unitary groups of primitive odd binary hermitian matrices under the action of .

     

The problem on domains with piecewise smooth boundaries with applications

Let be a bounded domain in such that has piecewise smooth boudnary. We discuss the solvability of the Cauchy-Riemann equation

where is a smooth -closed form with coefficients up to the bundary of , and . In particular, Equation (0.1) is solvable with smooth up to the boundary (for appropriate degree if satisfies one of the following conditions:

i)

is the transversal intersection of bounded smooth pseudoconvex domains.

ii)

where is the union of bounded smooth pseudoconvex domains and is a pseudoconvex convex domain with a piecewise smooth boundary.

iii)

where is the intersection of bounded smooth pseudoconvex domains and is a pseudoconvex domain with a piecewise smooth boundary.

The solvability of Equation (0.1) with solutions smooth up to the boundary can be used to obtain the local solvability for on domains with piecewise smooth boundaries in a pseudoconvex manifold.

     

Witten-Helffer-Sjöstrand theory for -equivariant cohomology

Given an -invariant Morse function and an -invariant Riemannian metric , a family of finite dimensional subcomplexes , , of the Witten deformation of the -equivariant de Rham complex is constructed, by studying the asymptotic behavior of the spectrum of the corresponding Laplacian as . In fact the spectrum of can be separated into the small eigenvalues, finite eigenvalues and the large eigenvalues. Then one obtains as the complex of eigenforms corresponding to the small eigenvalues of . This permits us to verify the -equivariant Morse inequalities. Moreover suppose is self-indexing and satisfies the Morse-Smale condition, then it is shown that this family of subcomplexes converges as to a geometric complex which is induced by and calculates the -equivariant cohomology of .

     

Building blocks for Quadratic Julia sets

We obtain results on the structure of the Julia set of a quadratic polynomial with an irrationally indifferent fixed point in the iterative dynamics of . In the Cremer point case, under the assumption that the Julia set is a decomposable continuum, we obtain a building block structure theorem for the corresponding Julia set : there exists a nowhere dense subcontinuum such that , is the union of the impressions of a minimally invariant Cantor set of external rays, contains the critical point, and contains both the Cremer point and its preimage. In the Siegel disk case, under the assumption that no impression of an external ray contains the boundary of the Siegel disk, we obtain a similar result. In this case contains the boundary of the Siegel disk, properly if the critical point is not in the boundary, and contains no periodic points. In both cases, the Julia set is the closure of a skeleton which is the increasing union of countably many copies of the building block joined along preimages of copies of a critical continuum containing the critical point. In addition, we prove that if is any polynomial of degree with a Siegel disk which contains no critical point on its boundary, then the Julia set is not locally connected. We also observe that all quadratic polynomials which have an irrationally indifferent fixed point and a locally connected Julia set have homeomorphic Julia sets.

     

Quasitriangular + small compact = strongly irreducible

Let be a bounded linear operator acting on a separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space. Let be a positive number. In this article, we prove that the perturbation of by a compact operator with can be strongly irreducible if is a quasitriangular operator with the spectrum connected. The Main Theorem of this article nearly answers the question below posed by D. A. Herrero.

Suppose that is a bounded linear operator acting on a separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space with connected. Let be given. Is there a compact operator with such that is strongly irreducible?

     

Embeddings of open manifolds

Let be the simplicial group of homeomorphisms of . The following theorems are proved.

Theorem A. Let be a topological manifold of dim 5 with a finite number of tame ends , . Let be the simplicial group of end preserving homeomorphisms of . Let be a periodic neighborhood of each end in , and let be manifold approximate fibrations. Then there exists a map such that the homotopy fiber of is equivalent to , the simplicial group of homeomorphisms of which have compact support.

Theorem B. Let be a compact topological manifold of dim 5, with connected boundary , and denote the interior of by . Let be the restriction map and let be the homotopy fiber of over . Then is isomorphic to for , where is the concordance space of .

Theorem C. Let be a manifold approximate fibration with dim 5. Then there exist maps and for , such that , where is a compact and connected manifold and is the infinite cyclic cover of .

     

Decomposition of

For any locally compact group , let and be the Fourier and the Fourier-Stieltjes algebras of , respectively. is decomposed as a direct sum of and , where is a subspace of consisting of all elements that satisfy the property: for any and any compact subset , there is an with and such that is characterized by the following: an element is in if and only if, for any there is a compact subset such that for all with and . Note that we do not assume the amenability of . Consequently, we have for all if is noncompact. We will apply this characterization of to investigate the general properties of and we will see that is not a subalgebra of even for abelian locally compact groups. If is an amenable locally compact group, then is the subspace of consisting of all elements with the property that for any compact subset , .

     

Classification of one -type representations

Suppose is a simple reductive -adic group with Weyl group . We give a classification of the irreducible representations of which can be extended to real hermitian representations of the associated graded Hecke algebra . Such representations correspond to unitary representations of which have a small spectrum when restricted to an Iwahori subgroup.

     

Capacity convergence results and applications to a Berstein-Markov inequality

Given a sequence of Borel subsets of a given non-pluripolar Borel set in the unit ball in with , we show that the relative capacities converge to if and only if the relative (global) extremal functions () converge pointwise to (). This is used to prove a sufficient mass-density condition on a finite positive Borel measure with compact support in guaranteeing that the pair satisfy a Bernstein-Markov inequality. This implies that the orthonormal polynomials associated to may be used to recover the global extremal function .

     

Compatible complex structures on almost quaternionic manifolds

On an almost quaternionic manifold we study the integrability of almost complex structures which are compatible with the almost quaternionic structure . If , we prove that the existence of two compatible complex structures forces to be quaternionic. If , that is is an oriented conformal 4-manifold, we prove a maximum principle for the angle function of two compatible complex structures and deduce an application to anti-self-dual manifolds. By considering the special class of Oproiu connections we prove the existence of a well defined almost complex structure on the twistor space of an almost quaternionic manifold and show that is a complex structure if and only if is quaternionic. This is a natural generalization of the Penrose twistor constructions.

     

On the number of terms in the middle of almost split sequences over tame algebras

Let be a finite dimensional tame algebra over an algebraically closed field . It has been conjectured that any almost split sequence with indecomposable modules has and in case , then exactly one of the is a projective-injective module. In this work we show this conjecture in case all the are directing modules, that is, there are no cycles of non-zero, non-iso maps between indecomposable -modules. In case, and are isomorphic, we show that and give precise information on the structure of .

     

Minimal lattice-subspaces

In this paper the existence of minimal lattice-subspaces of a vector lattice containing a subset of is studied (a lattice-subspace of is a subspace of which is a vector lattice in the induced ordering). It is proved that if there exists a Lebesgue linear topology on and is -closed (especially if is a Banach lattice with order continuous norm), then minimal lattice-subspaces with -closed positive cone exist (Theorem 2.5).

In the sequel it is supposed that is a finite subset of , where is a compact, Hausdorff topological space, the functions are linearly independent and the existence of finite-dimensional minimal lattice-subspaces is studied. To this end we define the function where . If is the range of and the convex hull of the closure of , it is proved:

(i)

There exists an -dimensional minimal lattice-subspace containing if and only if is a polytope of with vertices (Theorem 3.20).

(ii)

The sublattice generated by is an -dimensional subspace if and only if the set contains exactly points (Theorem 3.7).

This study defines an algorithm which determines whether a finite-dimensional minimal lattice-subspace (sublattice) exists and also determines these subspaces.

     

The nilpotence height of for odd primes

K. G. Monks has recently shown that the element has nilpotence height in the mod Steenrod algebra. Here the method and result are generalized to show that for an odd prime the element has nilpotence height in the mod Steenrod algebra.

     

Examples of Möbius-like groups which are not Möbius groups

In this paper we give two basic constructions of groups with the following properties:

(a)

, i.e., the group is acting by orientation preserving homeomorphisms on ;

(b)

every element of is Möbius-like;

(c)

, where denotes the limit set of ;

(d)

is discrete;

(e)

is not a conjugate of a Möbius group.

Both constructions have the same basic idea (inspired by Denjoy): we start with a Möbius group (of a certain type) and then we change the underlying circle upon which acts by inserting some closed intervals and then extending the group action over the new circle. We denote this new action by . Now we form a new group which is generated by all of and an additional element whose existence is enabled by the inserted intervals. This group has all the properties (a) through (e).

     

Characterizations of spectra with -injective cohomology which satisfy the Brown-Gitler property

We work in the stable homotopy category of -complete connective spectra having mod homology of finite type. means cohomology with coefficients, and is a left module over the Steenrod algebra .

A spectrum is called spacelike if it is a wedge summand of a suspension spectrum, and a spectrum satisfies the Brown-Gitler property if the natural map is onto, for all spacelike .

It is known that there exist spectra satisfying the Brown-Gitler property, and with isomorphic to the injective envelope of in the category of unstable -modules.

Call a spectrum standard if it is a wedge of spectra of the form , where is a stable wedge summand of the classifying space of some elementary abelian -group. Such spectra have -injective cohomology, and all -injectives appear in this way.

Working directly with the two properties of stated above, we clarify and extend earlier work by many people on Brown-Gitler spectra. Our main theorem is that, if is a spectrum with -injective cohomology, the following conditions are equivalent:

(A) there exist a spectrum whose cohomology is a reduced -injective and a map that is epic in cohomology, (B) there exist a spacelike spectrum and a map that is epic in cohomology, (C) is monic in cohomology, (D) satisfies the Brown-Gitler property, (E) is spacelike, (F) is standard. ( is reduced if it has no nontrivial submodule which is a suspension.)

As an application, we prove that the Snaith summands of are Brown-Gitler spectra-a new result for the most interesting summands at odd primes. Another application combines the theorem with the second author's work on the Whitehead conjecture.

Of independent interest, enroute to proving that (B) implies (C), we prove that the homology suspension has the following property: if an -connected space admits a map to an -fold suspension that is monic in mod homology, then is onto in mod homology.

     

Turnpike property for extremals of variational problems with vector-valued functions

In this paper we study the structure of extremals of variational problems with large enough , fixed end points and an integrand from a complete metric space of functions. We will establish the turnpike property for a generic integrand . Namely, we will show that for a generic integrand , any small and an extremal of the variational problem with large enough , fixed end points and the integrand , for each the set is equal to a set up to in the Hausdorff metric. Here is a compact set depending only on the integrand and are constants which depend only on and , .

     

Spherical functions and conformal densities on spherically symmetric -spaces

Let be a -space which is spherically symmetric around some point and whose boundary has finite positive dimensional Hausdorff measure. Let be a conformal density of dimension on . We prove that is a weak limit of measures supported on spheres centered at . These measures are expressed in terms of the total mass function of and of the dimensional spherical function on . In particular, this result proves that is entirely determined by its dimension and its total mass function. The results of this paper apply in particular for symmetric spaces of rank one and semi-homogeneous trees.

     

Isoperimetric Estimates on Sierpinski Gasket Type Fractals

For a compact Hausdorff space that is pathwise connected, we can define the connectivity dimension to be the infimum of all such that all points in can be connected by a path of Hausdorff dimension at most . We show how to compute the connectivity dimension for a class of self-similar sets in that we call point connected, meaning roughly that is generated by an iterated function system acting on a polytope such that the images of intersect at single vertices. This class includes the polygaskets, which are obtained from a regular -gon in the plane by contracting equally to all vertices, provided is not divisible by 4. (The Sierpinski gasket corresponds to .) We also provide a separate computation for the octogasket (), which is not point connected. We also show, in these examples, that , where the infimum is taken over all paths connecting and , and denotes Hausdorff measure, is equivalent to the original metric on . Given a compact subset of the plane of Hausdorff dimension and connectivity dimension , we can define the isoperimetric profile function to be the supremum of , where is a region in the plane bounded by a Jordan curve (or union of Jordan curves) entirely contained in , with . The analog of the standard isperimetric estimate is . We are particularly interested in finding the best constant and identifying the extremal domains where we have equality. We solve this problem for polygaskets with . In addition, for we find an entirely different estimate for as , since the boundary of has infinite measure. We find that the isoperimetric profile function is discontinuous, and that the extremal domains have relatively simple polygonal boundaries. We discuss briefly the properties of minimal paths for the Sierpinski gasket, and the isodiametric problem in the intrinsic metric.

     

Deformations of dihedral -group extensions of fields

Given a -Galois extension of number fields we ask whether it is a specialization of a regular -Galois cover of . This is the ``inverse" of the usual use of the Hilbert Irreducibility Theorem in the Inverse Galois problem. We show that for many groups such arithmetic liftings exist by observing that the existence of generic extensions implies the arithmetic lifting property. We explicitly construct generic extensions for dihedral -groups under certain assumptions on the base field . We also show that dihedral groups of order and have generic extensions over any base field with characteristic different from .