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Tuomas E. Tahko 《Metaphysica》2011,12(2):151-164
The distinction between a priori and a posteriori knowledge has been the subject of an enormous amount of discussion, but the literature is biased against recognizing the intimate relationship between these forms of knowledge. For instance, it seems to be almost impossible to find a sample of pure a priori or a posteriori knowledge. In this paper, it will be suggested that distinguishing between a priori and a posteriori is more problematic than is often suggested, and that a priori and a posteriori resources are in fact used in parallel. We will define this relationship between a priori and a posteriori knowledge as the bootstrapping relationship. As we will see, this relationship gives us reasons to seek for an altogether novel definition of a priori and a posteriori knowledge. Specifically, we will have to analyse the relationship between a priori knowledge and a priori reasoning, and it will be suggested that the latter serves as a more promising starting point for the analysis of aprioricity. We will also analyse a number of examples from the natural sciences and consider the role of a priori reasoning in these examples. The focus of this paper is the analysis of the concepts of a priori and a posteriori knowledge rather than the epistemic domain of a posteriori and a priori justification. 相似文献
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《Quaestiones Mathematicae》2013,36(4):347-370
Abstract In this note we obtain some extensions and an approximation of the Lyapunov convexity theorem by means of the bilinear integration of a set-valued function. The integration is performed successively with respect to a non-atomic, a direct sum and a Darboux vector measure. The necessary counterexamples are provided. 相似文献
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A CRACK PROBLEM WITH A BROKEN LINE INTERFACE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
§0.IntroductionConsiderableplanecrackproblemsofcompositemediaforthecaseinwhichtheinterfaceisaninfinitestraightlinewerestudied... 相似文献
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向开南 《数学物理学报(B辑英文版)》2000,20(4)
Let M = (Mt,Ft) be a uniformly integrable continuous martingale with MO = 0. For1 5 p < cot we setIIMllBMO. = '3p II[E[IMoo ~ MTIplFT]]'/Pll.,where the supremum is taken over all stopping times T.Set BMO. = {M: IIMllBMO. < co}. It is well known that BMO. = BMO, (VI S p 5 q).F'urthermore, all 11.llBMO. norms are equivalent andIIi ~~if;llMllBMO. = SUP T P(T < co)i'where the supremum is taken over all stopping times T satisfying P(T < co) > 0. In the laterwe shall simply … 相似文献
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<正> §1.如所周知,黎曼空间中关于平面公理的嘉当(E.Cartan)定理可以拓广到更一般的空间中去,满足平面公理的 m 维黎曼空间在它的每点容有∞~(m-1)张全测地超曲面.柏尔特拉米(Beltrami)给出常曲率空间的另一特征,只有常曲率空间才能与欧氏空 相似文献
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This paper is concerned with the solvability of a boundary value problem for a nonhomogeneous biharmonic equation. The boundary data is determined by a differential operator of fractional order in the Riemann-Liouville sense. The considered problem is a generalization of the known Dirichlet and Neumann problems. 相似文献
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异方差回归中的广义方差比检验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在同方差假设之下,线性模型在回归分析的理论与应用方面起着突出的作用,很受许多研究工作者的青睐.然而,回归模型中同方差性这一标准假设不一定总是成立的.因此我们考虑了用一类基于似残差的方法来检验异方差情形下线性模型拟合观测数据的情况.本文既给出了大量的模拟,又给出了实际数据作为应用的例子.效果都很好. 相似文献
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《Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications》2008,9(2):511-517
This study developed a near optimization immunochemoradiotherapy model, which has three objectives; maximizing total weighted damage of cancer cells, minimizing total weighted side effect and minimizing total dose related therapy costs, originated from the Weapon–Target Assignment problem (WTA) of military operations research. The multi-objective structure is transformed into a single-objective format via goal programming. The presented model is a mixed-integer nonlinear goal programming model. A non-clinical hypothetical illustrative example is solved using MS Excel's Solver tool as a powerful spreadsheet tool. The theoretical result is extremely impressive especially compared with result of the single-objective program. The model facilitates cancer therapists to act in a multi-objective frame. However, the model is extremely needed to have clinical experiments to validate its theoretical power. This theoretical model is a virtuous synthesis of military and medical operations research. 相似文献
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Under the framework of a real Hilbert space, we introduce a new iterative method for finding a common element of the set of solution of a general equilibrium problem and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive semigroup. Moreover, a numerical example is presented. This example grantee the main result of the paper. 相似文献
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一类凸规划的多项式预估校正内点法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1、引言 1990年由Mehrotra对线性规划问题提出了一个称为预估校正的方法,并在1992年给出了其数值算法.1993年Mizuno,Todd和Y.Ye.给出了改进的预估校正内点法,使得一个预估步后只跟一个校正步.1994年F.A.Potra给出了不可行预估校正内点法,使得可以从一个不可行的初始点开始算法的迭代,并证明了其为二次收敛. 相似文献
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A GENERALIZATION OF A PROPOSITION ON EXPONENTIAL DICHOTOMY 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1 Introduction and Statement of TheoremConsider systemx' = A(t)x f(t, x), (l.1)where x E R", A(t) is a continuous matrix function, f: R x R" - R" is acontinuous function.We say that the linear differential equation X' = A(t)x admits an exponential dichotomy, if it has a fundamental matrix X(t) such thatIX(t)PX--'(s)l 5 K' e--a(t--s) for s S t,(1.2)IX(t)(I -- P)X--'(s)I 5 K' e--a(s--t) for s 2 t, (1'2)where P is a projection (P' = P), K and a are positive constants.Remark Without … 相似文献
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将一个大的主问题分解成若干个小的子问题,一方面对子问题寻优,一方面逐步调整主问题与子问题之间、子问题与子问题之间的关系,最后达到主问题最优,这就是解大规模规划问题的主要手段之一——分解-调协法。本文将一个大规模规划问题分解成由若干个子规划组成的多目标规划的序列,并在后一问题的解集合序列上求出前一问题的最 相似文献
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In this commentary, we make a case for the explicit inclusion of combinatorial topics in mathematics curricula, where it is currently essentially absent. We suggest ways in which researchers might inform the field’s understanding of combinatorics and its potential role in curricula. We reflect on five decades of research that has been conducted since a call by Kapur (1970) for a greater focus on combinatorics in mathematics education. Specifically, we discuss the following five assertions: 1) Combinatorics is accessible, 2) Combinatorics problems provide opportunities for rich mathematical thinking, 3) Combinatorics fosters desirable mathematical practices, 4) Combinatorics can contribute positively to issues of equity in mathematics education, and 5) Combinatorics is a natural domain in which to examine and develop computational thinking and activity. Ultimately, we make a case for the valuable and unique ways in which combinatorics might effectively be leveraged within K-16 curricula. 相似文献
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1IntroductionManypracticalproblems,suchasnon--linearvibration,reactionofbiochemistrygandself-oscillatingsystem,etc.canbereducedtotheproblemsonthelimitcyclesofEjsystem.Therefore,thestudyoflimitcyclesforEjsystemhaspracticalsignificances.ThesocalledEdsystemi… 相似文献
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A graph G is a queens graph if the vertices of G can be mapped to queens on the chessboard such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding queens attack each other, i.e. they are in horizontal, vertical or diagonal position.We prove a conjecture of Beineke, Broere and Henning that the Cartesian product of an odd cycle and a path is a queens graph. We show that the same does not hold for two odd cycles. The representation of the Cartesian product of an odd cycle and an even cycle remains an open problem.We also prove constructively that any finite subgraph of the rectangular grid or the hexagonal grid is a queens graph.Using a small computer search we solve another conjecture of the authors mentioned above, saying that K3,4 minus an edge is a minimal non-queens graph. 相似文献
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本文中我们用等秩变换证明了连通图G的所有生成树的邻接矩阵的秩中最大者就是图G线独立数的两倍。特别,我们给出了连通图G具有完美匹配的一个新的充要条件。 相似文献