回归分析在指导考生填报高考志愿中的应用

近年来我国高等教育蓬勃发展 ,在高考指导中估计高校的录取分数线对于考生理性填报志愿尤为重要 .建立回归模型可以预测院校录取线对于当地分数线的相对水平 ,在此谨希望能对拓宽高招改革思路 ,提高考务部门管理水平有所帮助 .     

回归分在指导才生填报高考志愿中的应用

近年来我国高等教育蓬勃发展,在高考指导中估计高校的录取分数线对于考生理性填报志愿尤为重要. 建立回归模型可以预测院校录取线对于当地分数线的相对水平,在此谨希望能对拓宽高招改革思路,提高考务部门管理水平有所帮助.     

例谈高考对数学个性品质差异的甄别

高考作为选拔性考试,需要甄别考生个性数学品质的差异.<2004年普通高等学校全国统一考试大纲>又明确提出对考生个性品质的要求,可见其重要性.本文谈谈高考对数学品质的个性差异的考查,期望对复习备考有所帮助.     

利用模型学好立体几何

高考对立体几何考查的重点是空间想象能力、看图、画图、理解图的能力.在高考出现了很多与典型空间模型相关的,甚至很难的大型立体几何题时,考生做得并不顺利,感觉到     

高考染色问题的解法探究

染色问题是排列组合中的难点问题,它灵活有趣,以往多见于数学竞赛,随着数学竞赛对数学知识的普及,现在“染色”已渗透到高考,2003年全国高考即有这类题.2003年新课程卷高考数学(理)第15题,虽未表述为区域染色,但实质上也是这类问题的典型题,许多考生对此题手足无措,回答五花八门.下面以此题为例进行探讨. 题目某城市在中心广场建造一个花圃,     

高考题中课本题源研究

高考数学试题的题源很广,而其中有一定量的试题“来源于课本又不拘泥于课本”.这些试题体现高考“贴近考生、背景公开、控制难度”的原则和“以课本为本”的原则.研究这些以课本为题源的高考试题,有助于提高复习效率,提升考生考试成绩.本文试对高考中以课本为题源的试题作一研究.     

数理统计方法在教学效率评价中的应用

众所周知,考生的高考成绩除了受学校的教学,管理质量等因素的影响外,还与他们从初中考入高中的入学成绩有密切的关系。单纯地根据高考升学率对教学效率作出评价,而不考虑考生基础差异的影响,得到的结果不一定能反映实际的教学效率,其结论难以令人信服。为了能够反映实际的教学效率,必须排除考生的基础差异这一因素。基于上述分析,本文用协方差分析法结合四所中学的数据对如何根据高考成绩正确地评价中学教学效率的问题作了有益的尝试。 1.样本数据的说明 本研究收集了某市四所重点中学所有考生,共893人的高中入学成绩和1994年的高考成绩作为分析的原始数据(见表1)。     

三个选修系列备考解读

新的《考试说明》最大的亮点就是在考试范围和要求中增加了"指定选考"和"自由选考"的内容,自由选考是新高考的最大亮点."自由选考"试题在高考中给考生更多的选择权,让考生有了选择的机会.自由选考的引入使高考与考生之间有     

探寻一道髙考填空题的切人点

<正>高考中填空题的最后一题,一般具有较好的区分度,充分考查考生的数学能力,因而考生是比较畏惧的.如何找到其切入点,才能将问题解决呢?下面举例说明:题目(2015年高考新课标Ⅰ卷理科第16题)在平面四边形ABCD中∠A=∠B=∠C=75°,BC=2,则AB的取值范围是切入点1从函数的角度思考,构造函数模型,将问题转化为求值域问题.     

"老"的问题 "新"的视野——一道高考试题的结论推广

近年来,随着高考形势的不断变化,对考生的创新意识和创新能力的要求逐渐提高,每年的高考试题中都推出一些背景新颖、构思精巧、情境别致,具有相当深度和明确导向的创新题型,使高考数学题充满活力和魅力.它要求考生对新颖的信息、情境和设问,选择有效的方法和手段,综合与灵活地应用所学的数学知识、思想和方法,进行独立的思考、探索和研究,提出解决问题的思路,创造性地解决问题.由此可见,在今后的高考试题中,创新题型将具有越来越重的地位.     

普通高中教育投入绩效评估实证研究——基于江门市47所高中调查的多层数据

基于江门市47所高中调查的多层数据,运用多层统计分析模型,进行普通高中教育投入绩效评估的实证研究,结果表明:中考成绩与学校绩效之间呈负相关态势;高考成绩最重要的决定因素是学生先前的知识储备和起始能力水平;教育经费投入对高考成绩有显著正影响;学校师资质量对提高学生学业成就有正影响;在47所学校中,有18所学校教育绩效较好,有27所学校教育绩效还有待进一步提高,相应的教育资源的配置需要进一步优化等,并提出相应的政策建议.     

新中考中的排课问题

为提高初中学业水平和综合素质教育,近几年有些地方中考进行改革,要求学生进行学科选择。新中考课程分为选修和必修两大类。必修课程为语文、数学、英语,选修课程为其他六门课程,从中选出三项。把最后总成绩作为中考录取的标准。跟传统排课不同,这里排课要求每人一张课表,问题变得复杂困难。本文以北京某初三课程为例,研究了新中考的排课问题。一般情况下约束和变量是上百万级的,无法求解。本文利用整数规划建模,然后把该问题转化成多阶段问题,每个阶段给出小问题的解,这样使得问题的求解变得可行。最终的排课结果,仅比预期增加三位老师就可以实现新中考的排课问题。本文的求解过程给新中考排课带来了新的启发。     

Solving a school bus scheduling problem with integer programming

In many rural areas in Germany pupils on the way to school are a large if not the largest group of customers in public transport. If all schools start more or less at the same time then the bus companies need a high number of vehicles to serve the customer peak in the morning rush hours. In this article, we present an integer programming model for the integrated coordination of the school starting times and the public bus services. We discuss preprocessing techniques, model reformulations, and cutting planes that can be incorporated into a branch-and-cut algorithm. Computational results show that in our test counties a much lower number of buses would be sufficient if the schools start at different times.     

Understanding STEM‐focused elementary schools: Case study of Walter Bracken STEAM Academy

Increasingly, STEM focused high schools are used prepare students for college STEM majors and launch them into STEM careers. Yet a new focus on STEM education at the elementary levels suggests that the importance of STEM education is much broader than a preparation for workforce needs in high school or college. This paper describes a case study designed to articulate the mission and design of an effective and nationally recognized STEM‐focused elementary school. As described through the six most impactful components of STEM‐focused elementary school design at Walter Bracken STEAM Academy, the case study emphasizes the school's strong and inclusive school leadership, with staff organized into grade level groups empowered to innovate and honing their teaching practices. External partnerships are leveraged to broaden student learning opportunities. Students at Bracken engage in active learning opportunities and multidisciplinary lessons where STEM is used as a way of thinking and as a way to coherently combine content into active learning opportunities that are engaging for learners. By organizing the structural components of an exemplary STEM‐focused elementary school, we hope to deliver actionable reforms for elementary schools wanting to increase their STEM‐focused offerings.     

Implementing Coteaching and Cogenerative Dialoguing in Urban Science Education

Over the past 7 years the authors have been involved in the development of a new model for the education of science teachers that has the potential to address teacher education in challenging urban settings characterized by problems such as teacher turnover and retention, low job satisfaction, and contradictions arising from cultural and ethnic diversity. An intensive research program accompanied the development effort; the research results were used as resources in redesigning the evolving model to make it more appropriate for the situations at hand. The science teacher education program at an urban university was built around a yearlong field experience, during which all prospective teachers learned to teach in an urban high school while coteaching, that is, while teaching at the elbow of a mentor teacher or one or more peers. Over this period, a number of different configurations of coteaching and the associated cogenerative dialoguing were tried, tested, and investigated. The paper describes the historical development of the different configurations of the model and the emergent contradictions that led the researchers to enact changes to their approach. The central idea in the development effort was the creation of an environment that (a) best affords the learning of how to teach in urban high schools, (b) decreases teacher isolation, (c) mitigates turnover and retention, and (d) addresses contradictions arising from the cultural and ethnic diversity of students and teachers. Most importantly, this model of teacher education and enhancement simultaneously multiplies the resources and opportunities to support the learning of students.     

On centralized resource utilization and its reallocation by using DEA

The standard DEA model allows different DMU units to set their own priorities for the inputs and outputs that form part of the efficiency assessment. In the case of a centralized organization with many outlets, such as an education authority that is responsible for many schools, it may be more sensible to operate in the most efficient way, but under a common set of priorities for all DMUs. The algorithm that is used to do this, the centralized resource allocation model, does just this. We show that the centralized resource allocation model can be substantially simplified and we interpret the simplifications and show how the model works using real data of Spanish public schools. Apart from finding the best way to reallocate resource among the schools, it is shown that the most desirable operating unit is found to be a by-product of the estimation. This is useful information when planning new schools.     

Non-parametric estimation of the cost of adequacy in education: the case of Dutch schools

Adequacy is defined in education as a minimum set of outcome standards. Schools that are unable to achieve these goals are not providing an adequate education. This failure could arise from insufficient spending on productive resources and/or inefficient use of existing resources. The purpose of this paper is to build on previous research to provide estimates of the cost of adequacy. We introduce a non-parametric measure of the cost of adequacy that controls for the socio-economic environment and resource prices. For illustrative purposes, we apply this model to analyse Dutch schools. Our results show that the costs of achieving the minimum standard of performance are very different for schools with different levels of environmental harshness. Furthermore, the additional costs of achieving a higher standard are much higher for schools with a harsh environment than for schools with a favourable environment.     

Rhetoric,Reality, and Possibilities: Interdisciplinary Teaching and Secondary Mathematics

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics has proposed a broad core mathematics curriculum for all high school students. One emphasis in that core is on “mathematical connections” both among mathematical topics and between mathematics and other disciplines of study. It is suggested that mathematics should become a more integrated part of all students' high school education. In this article, working definitions for the terms curriculum, interdisciplinary, and integrated and a model of three categories of curriculum design based on the work of Harold Alberty are developed. This article then examines how a “connected” mathematics core curriculum might be situated within the different categories of curriculum organization. Examples from research on interdisciplinary education in high schools are presented. Issues arising from this study suggest the need for a greater emphasis on building and using models of curriculum integration both to frame and to give impetus to the work being done by teachers and administrators.     

基于平行DEA模型的我国小学教育资源配置效率分析

小学教育是教育阶段的基础,也是我国强制教育的一部分。但如何在各省份性别比例相差较大的情况下,更加有效的提高各省份小学教育资源配置效率是一个值得思考的问题。为了避免性别带来的影响,可以通过平行结构DEA模型根据学生性别分为两个平行子系统,来衡量我国2012~2018年各省份小学教育的资源配置情况。研究发现大部分省份小学教育资源配置的总系统效率未达到有效边界,仍有需要改进的地方。男学生在小学教育阶段的效率通常优于女学生在小学教育阶段的效率,但随着近些年我国教育体制的日益完善,女学生在小学教育阶段的效率呈上升趋势。此外,我国西部地区的小学教育资源配置效率在一些年份普遍优于东部和中部地区,而中部地区和东部地区小学教育总系统效率相对稳定,西部地区小学教育总系统效率波动较大。