具有时滞的捕食食饵共生模型的稳定性分析

以棉蚜、蚂蚁、瓢虫的种间关系为生物背景,建立了具有时滞的捕食-食饵-共生的系统模型,利用时滞微分方程定性理论,研究了该系统的正性、持久性和各平衡点的局部渐近稳定性,探讨了棉蚜和蚂蚁的发育历期对种群系统的影响.研究结果表明:棉蚜发育历期对种群系统有影响,当发育历期大于16天的时候,种群系统会出现周期性振荡.最后利用Mathematica软件对各个种群的变化给出了数值模拟.旨在通过研究系统的稳定性条件,对棉田生态系统的生物防治提供一定的理论依据.     

大熊猫主食竹生态系统恢复力研究

大熊猫最主要的食物来源于主食竹,因此大熊猫-主食竹构成的生态系统较为脆弱.建立了带有主食竹环境容纳量的大熊猫-主食竹生态系统模型,分析了系统具有正平衡点、正平衡点稳定的条件,讨论了生态系统恢复率与主食竹环境容纳量的关系,临界松弛出现的阈值,及Hopf分支等问题.最后将研究结果应用于黄龙自然保护区,并根据数值模拟的结果对大熊猫保护工作提供理论指导.     

生物斑图中Gray-Scott模型的数值求解及参数反演

生物斑图中反应扩散模型数值解及其参数反演的研究是非常有趣和重要的.主要以生物斑图中Gray-Scott模型为研究对象,对其正、反问题进行研究,提出了一种新的算法-DE-ME算法,并通过数值算例模拟验证了其在求解Gray-Scott模型参数反演问题中的可行性及有效性.结果表明此混合算法能快速有效地解决此类反应扩散模型参数反演问题.     

具有捕获项的三种群浮游生态系统的动力学分析

研究了三种群NP-P-Z浮游生态系统,考虑捕获和扩散的影响.重点考察了无扩散系统正平衡点的局部和全局渐近稳定性,最优捕获策略和扩散系统的图灵不稳定性.最后,利用数值模拟验证了理论的正确性.     

一类具有脉冲反馈控制的福寿螺-水稻综合防控数学模型

福寿螺作为入侵生物,已经对农业生产和生态环境等方面产生了一系列危害.研究一类具有相互干扰的状态脉冲反馈控制福寿螺-水稻的生态系统,通过在田中插一些毛竹片诱集成螺附着产卵,然后对卵进行集中销毁结合脉冲喷洒天然植物制剂-茶麸水的方法综合防治福寿螺.首先,运用稳定性理论,得到无脉冲作用系统正平衡点的全局稳定性结论;其次,对具有状态反馈控制的脉冲系统,用微分方程几何理论和后继函数的方法得到系统阶1周期解的存在唯一性,并给出了阶1周期解轨道渐近稳定的条件;最后,利用数值模拟验证主要结论.     

“合作”还是“寄生”？考虑政府规制的众创空间创业生态系统共生机制研究

共生机制是推进众创空间创业生态系统螺旋式上升发展的关键,基于共生理论构建了以创业企业、利益相关者和政府为主体的众创空间创业生态系统三方共生行为策略演化博弈模型,并通过数值模拟分析探究了各主体不同行为策略的影响因素及演化路径。研究结果表明:创业企业、利益相关者以及政府选择合作的初始意愿对彼此行为的影响程度有所差异;相较于利益相关者,创业企业对政府的补贴政策和惩罚力度更为敏感;制定合理的收益分配机制能够促进系统向互利共生方向演化。     

一类具有脉冲出生与食饵脉冲捕获的时滞捕食-食饵模型的动力学分析[英文]

考虑到生物管理中不同时刻的脉冲出生和脉冲生物控制问题,我们研究了一类脉冲出生与食饵脉冲捕获的捕食-食饵模型,证明该系统的所有解是有界的,研究得到捕食者灭绝周期解的相关性质(解的存在性、解的稳定性和全局吸引性)和系统持久性,同时通过数值模拟验证相关理论结果.此外,当捕食者之间有相互干扰时,通过数值模拟进一步讨论系统的持久性,揭示了干扰因素对系统持久性的影响.     

作物害虫天敌微生物系统的动力学研究

以棉田生态系统能量流动分析为基础,建立了作物害虫天敌微生物的种群动力学模型,对作物害虫天敌微生物系统进行了初步的研究.对系统的能量流动使用微分方程进行了模拟,并对系统正平衡点的存在性及局部渐近稳定性给出了相关条件.最后使用MATLAB软件对模型进行了动态模拟,对正平衡点的存在性条件和稳定性进行了验证.     

一维He与超短强激光脉冲相互作用的经典模型

采用经典理论研究了一维氦原子与超短强激光脉冲相互作用的动力学过程 .利用经典理论中的系综平均方法 ,对氦原子的一阶和二阶电离几率的时间演化进行了数值模拟 .并对模拟结果进行了分析 .     

二元海水液滴对心碰撞过程数值模拟

为研究海水循环冷却系统中液滴碰撞的基本规律及碰撞结果预测模型,采用流体体积函数(volume of fluid,VOF)方法捕捉两相交界面,利用动态网格自适应技术提高求解精度,对二元海水液滴的对心碰撞过程进行直接数值分析与模拟.首先对氮气中正十四烷液滴的碰撞实验进行数值模拟,验证了数值模型的可靠性.开展了常温常压下等尺寸二元海水液滴对心碰撞数值研究,分析了液滴碰撞过程流场结构及流动机理,研究了不同液滴直径和不同海水浓度对碰撞过程的影响规律,得到了聚合和自反分离两种碰撞结果类型以及二者的临界Weber数.总结出不同Ohnesorge数下海水液滴碰撞结果诺模图.     

Impulsive systems and their applications

A brief survey is made of impulsive systems. In particular, models such as population of a species in a given ecosystem under rapid changes and the impulsive analogue of simple epidemiological model are considered and results confirming the general broadness of impulsive systems over ordinary differential equations are discussed.     

Complex Lie symmetries for scalar second-order ordinary differential equations

A scalar complex ordinary differential equation can be considered as two coupled real partial differential equations, along with the constraint of the Cauchy–Riemann equations, which constitute a system of four equations for two unknown real functions of two real variables. It is shown that the resulting system possesses those real Lie symmetries that are obtained by splitting each complex Lie symmetry of the given complex ordinary differential equation. Further, if we restrict the complex function to be of a single real variable, then the complex ordinary differential equation yields a coupled system of two ordinary differential equations and their invariance can be obtained in a non-trivial way from the invariance of the restricted complex differential equation. Also, the use of a complex Lie symmetry reduces the order of the complex ordinary differential equation (restricted complex ordinary differential equation) by one, which in turn yields a reduction in the order by one of the system of partial differential equations (system of ordinary differential equations). In this paper, for simplicity, we investigate the case of scalar second-order ordinary differential equations. As a consequence, we obtain an extension of the Lie table for second-order equations with two symmetries.     

三阶线性常微分方程Sinc方程组的结构预处理方法

三阶线性常微分方程在天文学和流体力学等学科的研究中有着广泛的应用.本文介绍求解三阶线性常微分方程由Sinc方法离散所得到的线性方程组的结构预处理方法.首先, 我们利用Sinc方法对三阶线性常微分方程进行离散,证明了离散解以指数阶收敛到原问题的精确解.针对离散后线性方程组的系数矩阵的特殊结构, 提出了结构化的带状预处理子,并证明了预处理矩阵的特征值位于复平面上的一个矩形区域之内.然后, 我们引入新的变量将三阶线性常微分方程等价地转化为由两个二阶线性常微分方程构成的常微分方程组, 并利用Sinc方法对降阶后的常微分方程组进行离散.离散后线性方程组的系数矩阵是分块2×2的, 且每一块都是Toeplitz矩阵与对角矩阵的组合.为了利用Krylov子空间方法有效地求解离散后的线性方程组,我们给出了块对角预处理子, 并分析了预处理矩阵的性质.最后, 我们对降阶后二阶线性常微分方程组进行了一些比较研究.数值结果证实了Sinc方法能够有效地求解三阶线性常微分方程.     

Criteria for fourth-order ordinary differential equations to be linearizable by contact transformations

Solution of linearization problem of fourth-order ordinary differential equations via contact transformations is presented in the paper. We show that all fourth-order ordinary differential equations that are linearizable by contact transformations are contained in the class of equations which is at most quadratic in the third-order derivative. We provide the linearization test and describe the procedure for obtaining the linearizing transformations as well as the linearized equation. Moreover, we obtain the general form of ordinary differential equations of order greater than four linearizable via contact transformations.     

Complete group classification of systems of two linear second-order ordinary differential equations

We give a complete group classification of the general case of linear systems of two second-order ordinary differential equations excluding the case of systems which are studied in the literature. This paper gives the initial step in the study of nonlinear systems of two second-order ordinary differential equations. It can also be extended to systems of equations with more than two equations. Furthermore the complete group classification of a system of two linear second-order ordinary differential equations is done. Four cases of linear systems of equations with inconstant coefficients are obtained.     

Fourth-order diagonally implicit schemes for evolution equations

New fourth-order methods are proposed for solving both ordinary and partial differential equations. The derivation of the methods is based on the form of diagonally implicit schemes applied to stiff ordinary differential equations. The methods are absolutely and unconditionally stable. Test computations are presented.     

New origins of hidden symmetries for partial differential equations

Hidden symmetries of differential equations are point symmetries that arise unexpectedly in the increase (equivalently decrease) of order, in the case of ordinary differential equations, and variables, in the case of partial differential equations. The origins of Type II hidden symmetries (obtained via reduction) for ordinary differential equations are understood to be either contact or nonlocal symmetries of the original equation while the origin for Type I hidden symmetries (obtained via increase of order) is understood to be nonlocal symmetries of the original equation. Thus far, it has been shown that the origin of hidden symmetries for partial differential equations is point symmetries of another partial differential equation of the same order as the original equation. Here we show that hidden symmetries can arise from contact and nonlocal/potential symmetries of the original equation, similar to the situation for ordinary differential equations.     

Efficient hybrid method for solving special type of nonlinear partial differential equations

In this article, an efficient hybrid method has been developed for solving some special type of nonlinear partial differential equations. Hybrid method is based on tanh–coth method, quasilinearization technique and Haar wavelet method. Nonlinear partial differential equations have been converted into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation by choosing some suitable variable transformations. Quasilinearization technique is used to linearize the nonlinear ordinary differential equation and then the Haar wavelet method is applied to linearized ordinary differential equation. A tanh–coth method has been used to obtain the exact solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. It is easier to handle nonlinear ordinary differential equations in comparison to nonlinear partial differential equations. A distinct feature of the proposed method is their simple applicability in a variety of two‐ and three‐dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations. Numerical examples show better accuracy of the proposed method as compared with the methods described in past. Error analysis and stability of the proposed method have been discussed.     

一类二阶非线性常微分方程的初值问题

本文建立了一类二阶非线性常微分方程初值问题的一个定理,给出了它的关于解的周期性、振动性和估计式的三个推论及对应于它们的例子,指出由Thomas、DeSpantz和Lerman、Klamkin和Reid及Stare等人所考察过的一些二阶非线性常微分方程都是本文方程的特例。     

Group properties of the extended Green–Naghdi equations

The group analysis method is applied to the extended Green–Naghdi equations. The equations are studied in the Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates. The complete group classification of the equations is provided. The derived Lie symmetries are used to reduce the equations to ordinary differential equations. For solving the ordinary differential equations the Runge–Kutta methods were applied. Comparisons between solutions of the Green–Naghdi equations and the extended Green–Naghdi equations are given.