有时序的多属性席位分配模型及其应用

将经典席位分配模型推广到有时序多属性席位分配模型,给出了有时序多属性席位分配模型一个简单有效的算法.最后应用实例说明有时序多属性席位分配模型应用更加广泛和合理.     

多指标席位分配模型及其应用

将经典席位分配模型推广,建立了多指标席位分配模型,它是一个有界整数变量非线性规划模型。将模型转化为非线性连续规划模型,因而可用各种具有良好收敛性和收敛速度的求解非线性连续规划的算法求解。给出多指标席位分配模型的一个简单有效的算法。最后实例说明多指标席位分配模型应用更加合理、更加广泛。     

席位分配问题的相对尾数法

研究席位分配的公平性,给出了席位分配问题的一个新方法——相对尾数法,并在两部门情形下证明了该方法满足Young的两条公理,对多部门的情形,通过算例表明了其可行性和有效性.     

席位分配的数学规划模型研究

研究了席位分配的数学规划模型,在此基础上提出了48种席位分配数学规划模型,通过分析,模型之间有等价性,去除等价的模型,最后得到12种不同的数学模型.给出了解法,通过实例与先前的方法作了比较.     

席位分配的最大概率法

文章对席位公平分配问题进行了探索 ,提出了用最大概率作为公平分配的原则 ,给出了简单算法 ,并由此给出了一类组合数乘积最大值的计算方法 .     

席位分配的最大概率法

章对席位公平分配问题进行了探索,提出了用最大概率作为公平分配的原则,给出了简单算法,并由此给出了一类组合数乘积最大值的计算方法。     

预知工件大小上界的平行机排序问题

平行机排序问题广泛出现并应用于各领域,如通讯网信道分配的负载均衡,大型计算中的并行计算,柔性制造系统的任务编排等等.研究了预知工件大小上界的半在线平行机排序问题.考察了仅预知工件大小上界和既预知工件大小上界又预知最优目标值的两类半在线模型.基于资源分配公平性和提高服务质量的考虑,针对每类模型都分别考察了两个目标:C_(max)(极小化机器最大负载makespan)和C_(min)(极大化机器最小负载).在不同的目标下,针对m台平行机的一般情况均给出了问题的下界并设计了半在线算法,某些情况下设计的算法是最优算法.     

席位分配问题的数学模型

本文研究席位分配问题的求解方法及最优性评价标准 ,同时对现有方法的优缺点进行了分析 ,由此建立了充分体现所有成员平等的数学模型 ,并给出单位获得席位的检验数为 :bi=2 ni+ 1pi ,1 i m.     

关于代表席位公平分配问题

针对代表席位公平分配问题及Q值方法模型提出F值方法和G值方法的方差最小模型,可获得与Q值方法同样结果,但比Q值方法较为简便,因为无须用小数尾数优先的惯例先作出少1席的分配.实例说明在某些情况下Q值方法可能给出不正确的结果;或者不能作出决定.从理论上进一步证明只要所涉及的两个单位人数不相等,则在任何情况下F值方法和G值方法不可能同时失效.     

地方总教育投资分配的博弈分析

本文采用博弈论研究地方总教育投资分配的模型 ,该模型包含两个地方政府和一个中央政府 ,并分别为地方政府提供决策 .首先 ,描述了基本模型 ,分别给出了地方政府的效用函数 ;接着分析了地方政府同时行动时的总教育投资分配 ,然后分析了地方政府顺序行动时的总教育投资分配 ;最后给出了最优解的算法并举例说明地方政府怎样去做决策     

Parametric vs. divisor methods of apportionment

This paper formulates a new criterion that distinguishes the set of parametric methods within the set of all the divisor methods of apportionment. The criterion—that a method transfer seats as it “should”—asks that as population (or the votes of parties in a PR system) is shifted more and more from one state to another state (from one party to another party) at some point the first state (or party) is apportioned one less seat, the second state (or party) one more seat, and the remaining apportionments are as they were. It goes on to examine several properties of parametric methods.     

Apportionment methods

Most democratic countries use apportionment methods to transform election results into whole numbers, which usually give the number of seats in a legislative body that the parties obtained. Which apportionment method does this best can be specified by measuring the error between the allocated result and the ideal proportion. We show how to find an apportionment method which is best suited to a given error function. We also discuss several properties of apportionment methods that have been labelled paradoxa. In particular we explain the highly publicised “Alabama” Paradox for the Hare/Hamilton method and show that other popular apportionment methods come with their very own paradoxa.     

基于遗传算法的座位优化控制模型

座位优化控制是航空运输界增加利润的有效方法 .基于旅客的需求预测 ,可以利用数学规划模型为不同的航段和票价组合计算座位销售上限或者销售竞价 ,从而达到单个航班收入最大化的目的 .常用的方法可分为确定模型和概率模型 ,但对多航段多舱位的优化问题 ,由于出现了复杂的组合和约束 ,这些模型必须简化 .提出了基于遗传算法的座位优化控制模型 ,并和常用的优化方法进行了仿真对比 .研究结果表明 ,遗传算法应用于座位优化 ,可得到满意的解 ,同时 ,遗传算法简化了复杂的约束关系 ,易于实现 ,具有明显的优势 .     

Revenue impacts of fare input and demand forecast accuracy in airline yield management

Most airline yield management seat allocation models require inputs of the expected demand by fare class, the variance of this demand, and a revenue value associated with the bookings expected in each class. In this paper, we examine the impacts of errors in the demand forecasts and fare estimates on the revenue performance of some commonly used seat allocation heuristic decision rules. Through simulation analysis of scenarios in which the fare or demand inputs used by the models differ from the ‘actual’ values simulated in the flight booking process, we examine the effects of unexpected variability in the actual fare values, misestimation of the mean fare values of the different booking classes, and forecasting errors in the expected demand for each class. Our findings confirm previous studies that found the accuracy of the demand forecasts to be of greatest importance, but we also uncover some instances where misestimation of the mean demands and/or mean fare values used as inputs to the decision models can actually be beneficial. At the same time, we conclude that the variability of actual fare values around the mean fare values used as inputs does not have a significant impact, given the mathematical characteristics of existing EMSR seat allocation methods.     

Stability study of the human body-seat system into an autovehicle

The paper presents the study of the human body, as a mechanical system, seated inside an autovehicle and exposed under the vertical harmonic vibration action during the auto vehicle motion time. The human body may be roughly approximated by a linear lumped parameter at low frequencies and low vibration levels. Therefore, the model has 5 DOFs in translation, where 4 DOFs represents the human body and 1 DOF is for the seat cushion The mechanical model of the human body, in sitting position on the seat cushion of a vehicle seat, consists of four parts: pelvis, upper torso, viscera and head.. The eigenvalues for the human body – seat system and the damping ratio for the system was been calculate. The system stability analysis is given by the existence of a Lyapunov function for the system. The stability of a system can also be characterized by the eigenvalues of the system. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The Delimitation of Local Government Electoral Areas in Scotland: A Semi-Automated Approach

After the reorganisation of local government in Scotland in 1975, all councils were asked to make a comprehensive review of electoral areas. Although parity of population was a prime concern, attention had to be given also to the compactness and contiguity of districts. The Act also recommended that local communities should be kept intact and that boundaries should accord with ground features. The allocative part of the Törnqvist location-allocation technique was used in the first stage of partitioning in certain Regions to provide a basic framework for an apportionment pattern. Although this algorithm maximises compactness, it can produce sub-optimal results with a high degree of parity. Final adjustment of boundaries depended on detailed local knowledge.     

竞争环境下风险规避的航班动态定价

以同一航线上的多个竞争航班为研究对象,在假设各竞争航班之间具有完全信息的基础上,利用马尔可夫决策过程和博弈论,建立了竞争环境下风险规避的航班动态定价的数学模型,证明了均衡价格的存在性。在此基础上,进一步讨论了信息不完全情况下风险规避的竞争航班的动态定价问题。数值实验表明:在竞争环境下,各风险规避航班的均衡价格随自身剩余座位数量和风险规避系数的增加而下降,随其他竞争航班的剩余座位数量和风险规避系数的增加而提高。     

Study of human body stability under the vertical vibration action into an autovehicle using Laplace transforms

The paper presents a study for imagining of generalized mechanical model for the human body/seat assembly. The model will be used for the dynamics analyze of the human body constituent parts, under the vertical vibrations influence, transmitted by the vehicle seat during its displacement. Measures of the dynamic responses of the body are represented by the transfer functions. The human body stability is given by the found poles. The human body motion laws with four independent coordinates have been as graphical representations. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)