油料保障人员胜任特征指标筛选与评估模型构建

对已有油料保障人员胜任特征进行了实证研究,运用SPSS软件统计筛选出3个指标作为关键胜任特征指标并分别赋予权重,提出了评估方法,构建了油料保障人员胜任特征评估模型,并进行简单的应用.     

车辆油料调剂问题

近年来,在各类数学刊物遇到一类“车辆油料调剂问题”的数学题目.这类题目也可以归类为最佳方案设计型或极值问题. 例 在某沙漠地带,汽车每天行驶200     

再谈《车辆油料调剂问题》

《中学生数学·初中生版》2005年第1期刊登了丁学明老师的文章《车辆油料调剂问题》,文中用大段的文字,结合算术、方程的方法给出了问题的解,并总结了规律.笔者读完全文,认为文中存在的主要问题是:虽然找到了最优方案,但是没有说明最优的理由,即解决了“其然”未解决“所以然”.笔者细加揣摩,认为这个问题用一元一次不等式很容易完全解决,特提出如下解法,与丁老师和各位老师、同学探讨,不妥之处,敬请斧正.     

红水河龙滩水电工程库周区种植业灰色线性规划预测模型

本文用灰色线性规划的方法,对红水河龙滩水电工程库周区的种植业,按人均占有粮食300kg和400kg以及在无工程影响条件下和有工程影响条件下分别作出从2000年到2010年的四组规划.规划提供了种植业产值,粮食总产量、所需劳力数、总播种面积、粮食播面和经作播面等多种信息.其中包括稻谷、小麦、玉米、红薯、大豆、杂粮、棉花、油料、麻类、糖料、烟叶和蔬菜的亩产量和亩产值的预测值.为库区及库周区环境影响分析进而 为库区环境规划与保护设计提供定量的科学依据,从而为中央领导提供关于兴建红水河流域梯级开发中最大的龙滩水电站的决策支持。     

创业板税务秘籍

创业板企业需要符合税法对企业普遍征收的流转税、所得税及其他税收的要求,与此同时,由于创业板企业是我国需要特殊扶持的、具有创新能力的中小企业,还有一些特殊问题,需要特别重视。     

在解析几何教学中,培养学生的创造性思维

创造性思维是人类高级的心理活动,它是一种不依常规、寻求变异、沿着不同的方向去思考问题,从多方面寻求答案的思维形式,人们在进行创造性思维时,既需要分析,也需要综合;既需要发散,也需要集中;既需要直觉、形象思维,也需要分析、逻辑思维,因此,在数学教     

珠算心算与生俱来

一、记数、计算是生产力发展的客观需要人需要记事,人需要计算．这是生产力发展之需要,社会发展之需要,也是社会发展之必然。先有刻痕记事、磊石记事、结绳记事,后有河图、洛书、八卦等等,进而发展成文字记录。刘徽在《九章算术注》序中说“昔在庖羲氏始画八卦。以通神明之德,以类万物之情,作九九之术,以合六爻之变。     

符合某些条件的“点的个数”问题的探究

正探究满足某种条件的点的个数问题在近年的中考试卷频频亮相,不少同学深感困惑,常常顾此失彼造成漏解,解决此类问题除需要同学们具备较强的分析问题的能力,还需要动手实践操作的画图基本技能,同时还需要用数学思想——分类思想、对     

关于空间解析几何的学术形态和教育形态

空间解析几何知识需要形式化的表述,而学生掌握空间解析几何知识需要经过思考,需要追根求源．作为教师,必须善于将空间解析几何的学术形态转化为教育形态,激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性．结合自己在空间解析几何教学实践中的体会,给出了一些实例．     

我国古代的体积計算

由于实际生活的需要,在很早的时候人們就需要认識各种形状的体积,就需要对各种形状的体积进行計算。例如:兴修水利就需要計算水渠的容积和堤堰的体积;为了发展都市和防御敌人进攻,就需要筑城,就需要知道筑城时所需土方或石方的体积;为了貯藏粮谷,就需要知道各种形状的倉库的容积,例如方窖、圓窖……等粮倉的容积。在我国古代,关于体积的各种知識,关于計算各种形状体积时所应用的公式,也正是由于上述这些生活中的实际需要而产生的。     

The NATO strategic commanders' assessment of requirements for strategic sea and airlift

With the end of the Cold War and the adoption of a new NATO strategic concept, NATO nations now emphasize the use of mobile, flexible, and multinational military forces to be deployed for a myriad of crisis response operations outside the normal NATO treaty area. One critical shortfall for a number of NATO members has been the ready availability of strategic sea and airlift assets. Most NATO nations rely on the civilian transport market to provide dry cargo vessels and wide-body cargo aircraft. The two NATO strategic commands, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) and Headquarter Supreme Allied Command Atlantic (SACLANT), have been assessing the requirements for sea and airlift and have proposed to nations a variety of measures to improve their movement and transport capability. SACLANT staff has been developing the operations research methods to assist in this assessment. The current paper conveys the methodology and the mathematical programming model used in this analysis, using ship, aircraft, and port availability constraints. Furthermore, the paper presents a framework of the modeling and simulation capability of the NATO commands and agencies in the movement and transportation area. Additionally, the paper provides an example of the use of simulation models in follow-up activities such as high-level seminars in which national military force planners and movement and transport staff participate. During these events, participants are provided with the results from a number of transportation simulation models, in an attempt to steer the decision making process in NATO.     

Key potential-oriented criticality analysis for complex military organization based on FINC-E model

The complex social organizations, which can self-organize into the region “at the edge of chaos”, neither too ordered nor too random, now have become an interdisciplinary research topic. As a kind of special social organization, the complex military organization usually has its key entities and relations, which should be well protected in case of attacks. In order to do the criticality analysis for the military organization, finding the key entities or relations which can disrupt the functions of the organization, two problems should be seriously considered. First, the military organization should be well modeled, which can work well in the specialized military context; secondly it is critical to define and identify the key entities or relations, which should incorporate the topological centrality and weighted nodes or edges. Different from the traditional military organizations which are usually task-oriented, this paper proposes the Force, Intelligence, Networking, and C2 Extended (FINC-E) Model for complex military organization, with which a more detailed and quantitative analysis for the military organization is available. This model provides the formal representation for the nodes and edges in the military organization, which provides a highly efficient and concise network topology. In order to identify the critical nodes and edges, a method based on key potential is proposed, which acts as the measurement of criticality for the heterogeneous nodes and edges in the complex military organization. The key potential is well defined on the basis of topology structure and of the node’s or edge’s capability, which helps to transform the organization from the heterogeneity to the homogeneity. In the end, the criticality analysis case study is made for both small-world networked military organization and scale-free networked military organization, showing that the measure of key potential has the advantage over other classical measures in locating the key entities or relations for complex military organization.     

基于复合泊松过程战略石油储备天数的概率模型及其应用

为了明确国家或地区战略石油储备天数,在分析世界发生石油生产中断的历史数据的基础上,建立了战略石油储备天数的复合泊松过程的概率模型。把模型计算结果与国际能源机构确定的经合组织石油储备天数的标准及其实际石油储备数据进行对比分析,发现该模型具有相当的合理性,可以作为指导国家或地区进行战略石油储备的理论依据。     

A review of strategic mobility models supporting the defense transportation system

The complexity of military logistics and force deployment modeling requires the use of advanced computer models for analysis. The last 20 years have not only seen a concerted effort to improve the fidelity of these models, but development to improve their interconnectivity. The area of strategic mobility has received greater interest in the last decade as the U.S. Military has become more reliant on a force projection posture rather than prepositioning its forces outside the continental United States. Strategic mobility describes how forces within the continental U.S. are deployed in support missions outside the continental U.S. This posture combined with the ever shrinking military budget and force size has placed increased emphasis on the capability to efficiently deploy personnel, equipment, and support materiel. Mobility modeling is conducted at various levels of the mobility planning process. The result is a myriad of models addressing different aspects of the process. Current models addressing strategic mobility use aggregate network flow models, one-pass greedy approaches, and simple bounding techniques. This paper presents an overview of these models, their operating characteristics, and their advantages and disadvantages for mobility modeling applications.     

Complex Strategic Analysis: A Hypergame Study of the Fall of France

It is argued that a crucial element in decision-making in conflicts is the need for adequate conceptual complexity in problem formulation. This is illustrated by reference to a disastrous military failure—the fall of France in 1940. A formal model of the strategic situation is constructed using the Hypergame approach, in which the usual game-theoretic assumption that all "players" see the same "game" is discarded. Using this model, further features of the case are explored, and some general conclusions discussed. It is suggested that Hypergame analysis can be of assistance in achieving adequate levels of problem-perception in complex, conflict-prone environments, in particular by helping in the generation of multiple models.     

基于政府支持的军民合作技术创新演化博弈研究

如何促进军民合作技术创新是军民深度融合战略背景下军民双方亟需解决的重要问题。基于演化博弈的基本理论和方法,构建了包含民企、军企与政府在内的三方博弈模型,寻找出能使整个系统处于均衡状态的稳定策略,并利用数值仿真分析了政府支持不同方式对军民合作技术创新的影响。结果表明:在政府不同支持方式下,民企和军企相互促进,双方均向合作技术创新的方向演化,并最终保持稳定;随着时间的推进,政府最终均会选择退出支持,不同支持方式下退出速度不同;政府应对不同支持方式进行优化。     

On the optimization of supply chain networking decisions

Companies strive to position themselves to maximize the value they add to the supply chains in which they are embedded. This raises strategic questions such as: Which durable resources should be developed to enhance current core competencies? Which activities should be externalized and to which potential partner should they be given? Which internal activities should be preserved and developed? How should the resources of the enterprise be allocated to activities? The aim of this paper is to propose a mathematical programming model of the extended enterprise which can be used to investigate this type of strategic networking issues. A number of general network modeling constructs are first proposed. A model to optimize the supply chain structure under specific assumptions on the nature of production, cost and value functions in typical production/distribution companies is then derived. A heuristic to obtain solutions from the model is also presented. Finally, an example based on a refrigerator company is used to illustrate the usefulness of the approach.     

军民融合背景下地方政府支持与民企参军行为的演化博弈研究

民参军是军民融合的重要组成内容,政府支持对于民参军的顺利进行发挥着关键作用。本文通过建立军民融合背景下的地方政府支持与民企参军行为的演化博弈模型,考察了参与者的决策演化过程,分析了参与者的进化稳定策略及影响因素。研究表明,增加地方政府对民企的资金奖励、加大民企参军税收优惠、民企资金收益率的提升,以及积极参军成本的降低,会使民企策略选择向积极参军方向演化,但却使地方政府行为向弱力度支持策略演化;而提升中央政府对地方政府的资金补助,降低地方政府支持民企积极参军的服务成本,不仅促使民企选择积极参军策略,还能促使地方政府选择强力度支持策略。最后,对模型结果进行算例分析,验证了结论的合理性。研究结果可以为当前民参军实践提供一定的理论指导。     

Competitive dynamics and gaming simulation: lessons from a fishing industry simulator

Experiments with a gaming simulator of the fishing industry show that a wide range of firm and industry performance can arise from players’ differing perceptions of the competitive environment. When transferred into the arena of applied strategy development, the results suggest that modellers should give more attention to modelling alternative conceptualizations of strategic intent in the minds of rival business leaders and the firms they create. This new interpretive emphasis should complement the traditional modelling of cross-functional coordination that has been the hallmark of much published work in strategic modelling and simulation. When leaders and firms in the same industry adopt quite different views of the overall system of resources in the industry, it is important to model the heterogeneity of rival firms in order to understand the dynamic performance of the firm and the industry. We propose a modelling approach that captures heterogeneity among the strategic resources that rival firms seek to build and in the operating goals and coordinating processes they use to build them.     

A new look at the 3:1 rule of combat through Markov Stochastic Lanchester models

The 3:1 rule of combat states that in order that for the attacker to win the battle, his forces should be at least three times the force of the defender. This somewhat vague statement has resulted in numerous interpretations and discussions from historical and military science points of view. In this paper we attempt to examine this rule by utilising a number of Markov Stochastic Lanchester models that correspond to various basic combat situations and to draw some conclusions from their implementations. We identify general combat situations where the 3:1 rule is reasonable as well as situations where the force ratio should be either smaller or larger. Since the analysis is performed in the formal and somewhat ‘sterile’ setting of (pure) mathematical modeling, the results should be appropriately interpreted as reasoning of a certain abstraction of the battlefield.