一种新型凝胶态聚合物电解质的制备和性能

采用一种新型胶联剂新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(noepentyl glycol diacrylate, NPGDA)和聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), PVDF-HFP), 液态电解液组成电解质混合溶液, 然后加入引发剂并加热引发聚合反应制备了一种具有互穿聚合物网络结构的凝胶态聚合物电解质, 可以用于制备聚合物锂离子二次电池. 考察了不同PVDF-HFP/NPGDA质量比对凝胶态聚合物电解质性能的影响. 结果表明, PVDF-HFP/NPGDA质量比可以影响凝胶态聚合物电解质的结构形貌、电化学特性以及聚合物锂离子二次电池的性能. 研究发现, 当m(PVDF-HFP)/m(NPGDA)＝1:1时制备的凝胶态聚合物电解质具有较高的离子电导率和电化学稳定窗口, 室温下分别为6.99×10^-3 S•cm^-1和4.8 V(vs Li⁺/Li), 以其为电解质制备的聚合物锂离子二次电池具有较好的电化学性能.     

Effect of polyaniline (PANI) on Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexaflouro propylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) polymer electrolyte membrane prepared by breath figure method

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexaflouro propylene) is a well-known material for polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) due to its low cost, high mechanical integrity and excellent chemical resistance; however, its pure form has limited characteristics that require further modification to achieve optimum results. Therefore, the different dosages of polyaniline (PANI) (10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt% and 50 wt%) were incorporated into PVDF-HFP blend to fabricate PVDF-HFP/PANI polymer electrolyte membrane by using breath-figure method. The FTIR peaks of PVDF-HFP and PVDF-HFP/PANI membrane confirms the successful incorporation of PANI into PVDF-HFP blend, while TGA, DSC and XRD analysis shows the PANI effect on stability and ionic conductivity of PVDF-HFP membrane. The PVDF-HFP/PANI membrane with 30 wt% PANI found superior with the highest porosity of 83%, electrolyte uptake of 270% and ionic conductivity of 1.96 mS cm⁻¹; however, the other concentrations of PANI were also effective and enhanced the performance of PVDF-HFP membrane. This shows the improved performances of PVDF-HFP membrane were attributed to successful incorporation of PANI and the proposed membrane can be a suitable alternative PEM or a separator for energy devices.     

Safety-enhanced Polymer Electrolytes with High Ambient-temperature Lithium-ion Conductivity Based on ABA Triblock Copolymers

Liquid electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries suffer from leakage,flammability,and lithium dendrites,making polymer electrolyte a potential alternative.Herein,a series of ABA triblock copolymers(ABA-x)containing a mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymer(MJLCP)with a polynorbornene backbone as segment A and a second polynorbornene-based polymer having poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)side chains as segment B were synthesized through tandem ring-opening metathesis polymerizations.The block copolymers can self-assemble into ordered morphologies at 200℃.After doping of lithium salts and ionic liquid(IL),ABA-x self-assembles into cylindrical structures.The MJLCP segments with a high glass transition temperature and a stable liquid crystalline phase serve as physical crosslinking points,which significantly improve the mechanical performance of the polymer electrolytes.The ionic conductivity of ABA-x/lithium salt/IL is as high as 10-3 S·cm-1 at ambient temperature owing to the high IL uptake and the continuous phase of conducting PEO domains.The relationship between ionic conductivity and temperature fits the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher(VTF)equation.In addition,the electrolyte films are flame retardant owing to the addition of IL.The polymer electrolytes with good safety and high ambient-temperature ionic conductivity developed in this work are potentially useful in solid lithium-ion batteries.     

离子液体凝胶聚合物电解质的三元组分相互作用研究

采用Raman光谱、傅里叶转换红外光谱和X-射线衍射光谱研究N-甲基-N-丙基哌啶双三氟甲磺酸亚胺离子液体（PP13TFSI）和双三氟甲磺酸亚胺锂盐（LiTFSI）对PVDF-HFP聚合物聚合方式的影响,结果表明,PP13TFSI、LiTFSI和PVDF-HFP是共混存在的,同时加入PP13TFSI和LiTFSI会使聚合物的聚合方式由晶体结构转变为无定形结构. 通过对电解质及其各组分的线性扫描伏安曲线和热重曲线分析可知,溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）容易残留在凝胶聚合物电解质（ILGPE）中,这会降低ILGPE的电化学稳定性和热稳定性. 作者对固态LiFePO₄|ILGPE|Li电池的倍率性能进行了研究,实验结果表明其具有较好的倍率性能,当电池倍率由C/10增大至2C,然后再回到C/10时,其容量可以恢复到原来的90.9%左右. 该研究结果对理解PP13TFSI和LiTFSI在ILGPE中的作用机理具有重要的意义.     

Li-SGO掺杂半互穿网络型多孔单离子传导聚合物复合电解质的制备

本文成功制备了磺酸锂功能化石墨烯,通过原位聚合方式成功将其添加到单离子传导聚合物电解质中制备出磺酸锂功能化石墨烯改性半互穿网络型多孔单离子传导聚合物复合电解质。与未掺杂磺酸锂功能化石墨烯半互穿网络型多孔单离子传导聚合物电解质相比,该电解质具有更高的孔隙率、吸液率、机械拉伸强度和离子电导率。电化学测试结果表明,掺杂磺酸锂功能化石墨烯后,单离子传导聚合物电解质表现出与电极界面更好的相容性,组装的Li|LiFePO₄锂离子电池表现出良好的循环性能和更高的倍率性能。对氧化石墨烯磺酸锂功能化可应用于对单离子传导聚合物电解质的改性,有助于提升单离子传导聚合物电解质的综合性能,获得更高的电池性能。     

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-based membranes for lithium batteries

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) copolymer membranes were prepared by a phase inversion technique with poly(ethylene glycol) as an additive and tetrahydrofuran or acetone or dimethylformamide as solvent. The morphology, ionic conductivity and uptake of electrolyte solution by the polymer membranes were studied. The amount of intake of electrolyte solution by the polymer membranes increases with the increase of PEG content. The morphology and ionic conductivity of the polymer membranes (PM) are correlated with the physical properties of the solvents used in the phase inversion process. The cycling behavior of the membrane was examined with Li/LiCoO₂ cells.     

Fabrication and evaluation of a polymer Li-ion battery with microporous gel electrolyte

This paper introduces an easy method for the fabrication of polymer Li-ion batteries with microporous gel electrolyte (MGE). The MGE is a multiphase electrolyte, which is composed of liquid electrolyte, gel electrolyte, and polymer matrix. The MGE not only has high ionic conductivity and good adhesion to the electrodes at low temperatures, but also retains good mechanical strength at elevated temperatures. Therefore, the MGE batteries are able to operate over a wide temperature range. During battery fabrication, the MGE is formed in situ by introducing liquid electrolyte into a swellable microporous polymer membrane and then heating or cycling the battery. In this work, the chemical compatibility of MGE with metal lithium during 60 °C storage and with LiMn₂O₄ cathode during cycling was studied. In addition, graphite/MGE/LiMn₂O₄ Li-ion batteries were made and evaluated.     

高锂离子电导的有机-无机复合电解质的渗流结构设计

固态聚合物电解质被认为是解决传统液态锂金属电池安全隐患和循环性能的关键材料,但仍然存在离子电导率低,界面兼容性差等问题。近年来,基于无机填料与聚合物电解质的高锂离子电导的有机-无机复合电解质备受关注。根据渗流理论,有机-无机界面被认为是复合电解质离子电导率改善的主要原因。因此,设计与优化有机-无机渗流界面对提高复合电解质离子电导率具有重要意义。本文从渗流结构的设计出发,综述了不同维度结构的无机填料用于高锂离子电导的有机-无机复合电解质的研究进展,并对比分析了不同渗流结构的优缺点。基于上述评述,展望了有机-无机复合电解质的未来发展趋势和方向。     

A novel sandwiched membrane as polymer electrolyte for application in lithium-ion battery

A novel kind of sandwiched polymer membrane was prepared, which consists of two outer layers of electrospun poly(vinyl difluoride) (PVDF) fibrous films and one inner layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film. Its characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The membrane can easily absorb non-aqueous electrolyte to form gelled polymer electrolytes (GPEs). The resulting gelled polymer electrolytes had a high ionic conductivity up to 1.93 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at room temperature, and exhibited a high electrochemical stability potential of 4.5 V (vs. Li/Li⁺). It is of great potential application in polymer lithium-ion batteries.     

辐照交联法制备锂离子电池用凝胶聚合物电解质及其性能

采用γ-射线辐照交联法制备了具有网络结构的聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯/新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(PVDF-HFP/NPGDA)基凝胶聚合物电解质(GPE). 考察了不同辐照剂量对凝胶电解质形貌结构、热稳定性和电化学性能的影响以及不同辐照剂量和不同温度下电导率的变化. 结果表明, 随辐照剂量的增加, 凝胶电解质的固化程度提高, 电导率下降. 电导率随温度的变化符合VTF方程. 当辐照剂量为5 kGy 时, 制备的凝胶电解质具有较高的离子电导率和电化学稳定窗口, 室温下分别为7.8×10-3 S·cm-1和4.7 V(vs Li/Li+). 以其为电解质制备的LiMn2O4∣GPE∣Li聚合物锂离子电池具有较好的循环性能.     

纳米Al2O3填充的PVDF-HFP复合电解质的导电性

用真空蒸发法制备了不同配方的PVDF-HFP复合电解质膜,通过交流阻抗测试,优选出机械和电化学性能较好的PVDF-HFP复合电解质的工艺参数,m(纳米Al₂O₃)∶m(增塑剂DBP)∶m(PVDF-HFP)=10∶45∶45.用丙酮抽提制得的PVDF-HFP聚合物膜中的增塑剂,再于1mol/LLiPF₆/DEC-EC(体积比1∶1)的液态电解质中浸渍,浸渍后聚合物膜的电导率达到10-3S/cm数量级.     

聚合物电解质界面性质交流阻抗研究

合成了一种新型聚合物基质材料聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸锂)(简记为PMAML),并以PMAML/PVDF-HFP(偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚合物)复合物为基质制备了聚合物电解质.利用FTIR对合成的PMAML进行结构表征,并用扫描电镜观察聚合物基质膜的表面形貌.聚合物电解质由聚合物基质膜浸渍电解质溶液得到,其室温电导率可达到2.6×10－3 S• cm－1.利用交流阻抗技术研究了聚合物电解质与锂电极间的界面性质,并考察了开路放置时间、循环伏安及恒流充电对界面阻抗的影响.结果表明,聚合物电解质与锂电极界面阻抗随放置时间的延长而增加,更新锂电极表面可降低界面阻抗,PMAML能提高界面稳定性.     

聚苯并咪唑-锂盐-聚乙二醇单甲醚共混全固态聚合物电解质的制备及性能

使用共混后浇铸成膜的方法,制备了聚苯并咪唑-锂盐-聚乙二醇单甲醚组成的锂离子电池共混全固态聚合物电解质。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、拉伸与交流阻抗测试表征了共混全固态电解质的结构与性能。研究了不同锂盐以及各组分含量对共混全固态电解质的力学性能与电导率的影响。结果表明:聚苯并咪唑与聚乙二醇单甲醚之间存在氢键;共混全固态电解质中聚乙二醇单甲醚处于无定形态;锂盐的加入使聚乙二醇单甲醚的玻璃化转变温度下降;聚乙二醇单甲醚含量越高,共混膜强度越低,电导率越高,并且使用三氟甲磺酸锂作为锂盐时其电导率最高,室温下可以达到3.58×10~(-5) S/cm,高温下可以达到3.3×10~(-3) S/cm,高温下满足对锂离子电池的使用需求。     

A novel ternary polymer electrolyte for LMP batteries based on thermal cross-linked poly(urethane acrylate) in presence of a lithium salt and an ionic liquid

A new ternary polymer electrolyte based on thermally cross-linked poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA), lithium bis(trifluoromethansulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and the ionic liquid N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium TFSI (PYR₁₄TFSI) was developed and tested for application in LMP batteries. The polymer electrolyte was a transparent yellow self-standing material with quite good mechanical properties, i.e., comparable to that of a flexible rubber. The room temperature ionic conductivity of the dry polymer electrolyte was found to be as high as 0.1 mS cm⁻¹ for the compound containing 40 wt% of ionic liquid (PYR₁₄TFSI) and a O/Li ratio of 15/1 (Li⁺ from LiTFSI). The thermal analysis of the new cross-linked electrolyte showed that it was homogeneous, amorphous and stable over a wide temperature range extending from −40 °C to 100 °C. The homogeneity of the polymer electrolyte was also confirmed by SEM analysis.     

Preparation of PVDF/PEO-PPO-PEO blend microporous membranes for lithium ion batteries via thermally induced phase separation process

Microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyethylene oxide-co-polypropylene oxide-co-polyethylene oxide (PVDF/PEO-PPO-PEO, or PVDF/F127) blend membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process using sulfolane as the diluent. Then they were soaked in a liquid electrolyte to form polymer electrolytes. The effects of F127 weight fraction on the morphology, crystallinity and porosity of the blend membranes were studied. It was found that both electrolyte uptake of blend membranes and ionic conductivity of corresponding polymer electrolytes increased with the increase of F127 weight fraction. The maximum ionic conductivity was found to reach 2.94 ± 0.02 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 20 °C. Electrochemical stability window was stable up to 4.7 V (vs. Li⁺/Li). The testing results indicated that the PVDF/F127 blend membranes prepared via TIPS process can be used as the polymer microporous matrices of polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries.     

MICROPOROUS PVDF-HFP-BASED POLYMER MEMBRANES FORMED FROM SUPERCRITICAL CO2 INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION

Microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)membranes following supercritical CO_2 induced phase separation process were prepared using four solvents.The solid electrolytes of PVDF-HFP were formed by microporous PVDF-HFP membranes filled and swollen by a liquid electrolyte.The effect of the solvents on the morphology and structure,electrolyte absorptions and lithium ionic conductivity of the activated membranes were investigated.It was approved that all the membrane had the simi...     

一种新型聚合物电解质的研制

合成了聚 (甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丙烯腈 甲基丙烯酸锂 ) (简记为PMAML)新型聚合物电解质基质材料 ,把它与聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)共混制备了凝胶化的聚合物电解质 .通过核磁共振波谱确定了PMAML的组份含量 ,并用扫描电镜观察了该聚合物基质膜的表面形貌 .利用交流阻抗技术测试了其电导率 ,室温下电导率可达2 5× 10 - 3S·cm- 1 .采用线性伏安扫描方法研究了该聚合物电解质的电化学稳定性 ,其电化学稳定窗口为4 5V .通过受限扩散实验测得电解质中离子的扩散系数为 8 12× 10 - 7cm2 ·s- 1 .组装的聚合物电解质锂离子电池首次充放电效率为 89% ,前 5次循环容量基本稳定 .     

P(VDF-HFP)-PMMA/CaCO3(SiO2)复合聚合物电解质的电化学性质

采用激光扫描共焦显微镜、X射线衍射、循环伏安和交流阻抗等方法对由聚(偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯)(P(VDF-HFP))、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)以及纳米碳酸钙(二氧化硅)制备的几种复合聚合物电解质(CPE)膜P(VDF-HFP)-PMMA/CaCO3(SiO2)的性能进行了研究. 结果表明, PMMA的加入能提高CPE的吸液率, 从而增大其离子导电率. 在P(VDF-HFP)与PMMA质量比为1:1条件下制得的CPE性能最佳. 用P(VDF-HFP)-PMMA为聚合物基体与纳米级SiO2、CaCO3进行复合制成的聚合物膜, 无机粒子的加入没有破坏原来聚合物非晶结构; 室温下CPE的电导率达到3.42 mS·cm-1; 电化学稳定窗口为4.8 V. 电池Li/CPE/GMS(石墨基材料)的测试证明, CPE与石墨负极有很好的相容性. 聚合物电池Li/CPE(CaCO3)/LiCoO2比Li/CPE)(SiO2)/LiCoO2具有更优越的倍率放电性能.     

新型锂离子电池聚合物电解质的制备

应用倒相法,以PVDF-HFP(偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯)的混合物为基体制备锂离子电池电解质基质,制得的多孔PVDF基质薄膜具有优良的化学性能及机械性能,其拉伸强度为10²kg/cm²,吸附锂离子电池电解液(1mol/LLiPF₆的EC/DEC溶液)的能力达到自身重量的350%以上,吸液后其室温电导率在10-3S/cm以上,用它组装成原理电池以后呈现了良好的电化学性能.     

P(VdF-HFP)-基离子液体复合聚合物电解质的阴极稳定性及热稳定性

以聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯P(VdF-HFP)聚合物为基体, 制备了含离子液体1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(EMIPF6)、用于锂离子电池的离子液体复合聚合物电解质[P(VdF-HFP)/LiPF₆/EMIPF₆/EC(碳酸乙烯酯)-PC(碳酸丙烯酯)]. 采用热重分析法以及燃烧实验测试了复合聚合物电解质的热稳定性. 离子电导率测试表明, 离子液体的存在显著改善了复合聚合物电解质的离子传输; 循环伏安测试表明, 添加剂EC和PC的加入提高了复合电解质的阴极稳定性, 制得的离子液体复合聚合物电解质在0.3-4.3 V 电压范围内稳定存在. Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ 和LiCoO₂为电极材料、P(VdF-HFP)/LiPF₆/EMIPF₆/EC-PC 为电解质的半电池表现出优良的循环性能, 0.1C充放电倍率下, Li/LiCoO₂和Li/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂半电池的可逆容量分别为130和144 mAh·g^-1. 但EC、PC在一定程度上降低了离子液体复合聚合物电解质的热稳定性.