锂离子电池安全性能研究

随着锂离子电池能量密度进一步提高,成本进一步降低,其应用领域越来越广泛,特别是最近几年来在电动汽车和储能领域的应用被寄予厚望.然而,锂离子电池的安全性是目前制约其应用领域扩展的主要瓶颈之一.锂离子电池的安全性归根结底取决于锂离子电池材料的热稳定性,本文综述了锂离子电池材料热稳定性的理解和提高方面的最新进展.过充、热箱、...     

锂离子电池的安全性技术

锂离子电池兼具高比能和高比功率特性,是目前最为理想的动力与储能电源体系.然而,由于存在安全隐患,大容量和高功率锂离子电池的商业化应用受到了很大程度的限制.因此,发展自激发安全保护技术,提高锂离子电池的使用安全性,是近年来锂离子电池的研究热点之一.本文简要介绍了几种旨在提高锂离子电池安全性的自激发安全保护技术的作用原理,...     

高性能纤维素基复合锂离子电池隔膜研究进展

随着锂离子电池单体容量及模块容量的提高,电池的安全性问题愈发严峻.传统的聚烯烃隔膜尺寸耐热性能较差,因而迫切需要开发高安全性的锂离子电池隔膜.纤维素是一种热固性高分子材料,具有耐热性能优异的优点,而且其天然产量大,成本低,易于抄纸加工,特别适用于制造尺寸热稳定性好的新型锂离子动力电池隔膜.本文主要综述了近年来纤维素基锂离子电池隔膜的研究进展,并对该领域的未来应用和挑战进行了展望.     

锂离子电池高电压和耐燃电解液研究进展

电解液作为锂离子电池的重要组成部分,起着传输离子的作用,电解液的性质对电池的容量、循环性能及安全性能等影响巨大.近年来,随着高电压、高能量密度锂离子电池的开发应用,现有常规碳酸酯电解液存在正极稳定性差、闪点低、易燃烧等问题.因此,发展高电压耐燃电解液是应用高电压高容量正极材料、发展高电压高容量高安全性锂离子电池的迫切需要.主要综述了高电压电解液、耐燃性电解液及兼具抗氧化性和耐燃性的高浓度电解液的研究进展和现状.在此基础上,对锂离子电池新型电解液的发展方向进行了展望.     

锂离子电池安全性添加剂*

作为锂离子电池的一个重要组成部分,电解质对电池的性能有重要影响。有机电解液功能添加剂是近年来锂离子电池研究中的一个热点。本文介绍了锂离子电池有机电解液阻燃剂和过充电保护剂改善电池安全性的作用机理、特点以及它们的研究应用现状,并对各种添加剂的优缺点作了简要评价。     

影响锂离子电池安全性的因素

锂离子电池的安全性一直是锂离子电池 ,特别是大型锂离子电池研制、生产、使用中的关键性问题 ,通过对锂离子电池的材料、制造工艺以及使用条件等方面的探讨 ,分析影响锂离子二次电池安全性的各种因素     

锂离子电池的过充安全保护技术研究

锂离子电池由于兼具高比能量和高比功率的显著优势,被认为是最具发展潜力的动力电池体系.目前制约大容量锂离子动力电池应用的最主要障碍是电池的安全性,即电池在过充、短路、冲压、穿刺、振动、高温热冲击等滥用条件下,极易发生爆炸或燃烧等不安全行为.其中,过充电是引发锂离子电池不安全行为的最危险因素之一.     

锂离子电池安全性保护措施研究进展

锂离子电池最常见的安全性问题主要出现在电解液和隔膜.热失控是导致锂离子电池产生安全事故的主要原因.改变电解液组分、增加电解液组分、引入阻燃添加剂等措施,能够有效缓解并抑制热效应,降低可燃性.改性聚烯烃隔膜是提高隔膜热稳定性的简单方法,使用高熔点的聚合物或无机材料对隔膜进行修饰,其本质类似于给隔膜穿上一层“外骨骼”,用来抵御热冲击和机械冲击.隔膜在保证具备基本功能的同时,还要更加环保,逐步转向可持续的生物质材料.本文针对近年来锂离子电池的安全保护措施进行了综述,主要包括近几年内部保护措施和外部保护措施的相关研究和探索方面的成果.详细介绍了最近报道的不易燃电解液、阻燃添加剂、隔膜、正极材料、限流设备和电池管理系统的作用机理和研究进展,并展望了未来锂离子电池安全性研究的发展方向.     

锂离子电池自修复聚合物电解质的研究进展

自修复材料可以修复其在外界环境因素作用下产生的局部创伤或微裂纹,大大延长材料的使用寿命.将自修复聚合物作为固态聚合物电解质应用于锂离子电池,可以显著提高锂离子电池的循环稳定性和安全性,延长使用寿命.本文首先概述了自修复聚合物材料的发展历程和修复机理,然后按超分子相互作用和动态共价键分类总结了本征型自修复聚合物电解质应用于锂离子电池的研究进展,最后对自修复聚合物电解质存在的问题和未来的发展方向做出了展望,为下一代高安全性、高性能和长使用寿命的锂离子电池的研究提供借鉴.     

聚合物锂离子电池界面相容性的研究进展

聚合物锂离子电池作为储能装置在电子产品中具有广泛的应用前景。电极/聚合物电解质(E/P)界面相容性是影响聚合物锂离子电池电导率、安全性、机械性能的重要影响因素之一。研究E/P界面的电化学反应及形成机理,是解决相容性问题的关键。本文综述了近年来有关聚合物锂离子电池E/P界面相容性及相关研究技术的进展,并对聚合物锂离子电池界面相容性的相关研究进行了展望。     

有机磷酸酯阻燃电解液的研究进展

随着锂离子电池的市场拓展,安全性问题已成为电动汽车、大规模储能等应用领域关注的首要问题. 目前商品化的锂离子电池普遍采用低沸点碳酸酯类电解液,其易燃性成为电池不安全性的主要隐患. 为了提高锂离子电池的本征安全性,阻燃或不燃性电解液成为近年来研究的热点,其中以磷酸酯为溶剂的阻燃型或不燃型电解液受到广泛关注. 本文主要介绍磷酸酯阻燃和不燃电解液的研究状况,分析了这类电解液与锂离子电池正负极的兼容性问题,讨论了改善磷酸酯电解液电化学兼容性的途径,提出了发展高效、安全、稳定的不燃电解液的一些思路.     

原子力显微镜在锂离子电池界面研究中的应用

近几年,电动汽车市场的飞速发展对锂离子电池的能量密度和安全性提出了更高的要求. 然而,过去近30年,在应用终端市场的大力推动下,锂离子电池的电极材料、电池结构设计和生产工艺都已经发展得比较成熟,容量提升空间已经比较小,想要进一步提高现有锂离子电池的能量密度,需要对锂离子电池的整个系统和工作原理有更深刻和全面的理解. 存在于锂离子电池电极材料和电解液之间的固态电解质中间相（solid electrolyte interphase,SEI）已被证明是一个影响电池性能的重要因素,目前学术界和产业界对其认识还不是很全面,尤其是高分辨、工况下以及多技术联合的界面表征工作较少见到报道. 原子力显微镜（atomic force microscopy,AFM）通过探测针尖与样品之间的相互作用力,能够在原子尺度上原位表征液态电池界面的形貌以及力学特性,对于电极界面的理解和调控非常重要. 本文作者通过总结近几年AFM在锂离子电池SEI研究的中的应用,并结合本课题组在该领域的工作,对AFM技术在锂离子电池SEI研究中的应用做了总结和展望,对加深锂离子电池界面的理解,以及构建稳定锂电池界面的相关研究有参考意义.     

High safety separators for rechargeable lithium batteries

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) are presently dominant mobile power sources due to their high energy density, long lifespan, and low self-discharging rates. The safety of LIBs has been concerned all the time and become the main problem restricting the development of high energy density LIBs. As a significant part of LIBs, the properties of separators have a significant effect on the capacity and performances of batteries and play an important role in the safety of LIBs. In recent years, researchers devoted themselves to the development of various multi-functional safe separators from different views of methods, materials, and practical requirements. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress in the development of high-safety separators with high thermal stability, good lithium dendritic resistance, high mechanical strength and novel multifunction for high-safety LIBs and have in-depth discussions regarding the separator's significant contribution to enhance the safety and performances of the batteries. Furthermore, the future directions and challenges of separators for the next-generation high-safety and high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries are also provided.     

Rational design on separators and liquid electrolytes for safer lithium-ion batteries

As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to increase,their safety has become a great concern for further practical large-scale applications.One of the ultimate solution of the safety issue is to develop intrinsically safe battery components,where the battery separators and liquid electrolytes are critical for the battery thermal runaway process.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the rational materials design on battery separators and liquid electrolyte towards the goal of improving the safety of LIBs.Also,some strategies for further improving safety of LIBs are also briefly outlooked.     

Research Progress of Lithium Plating on Graphite Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Lithium plating on graphite anode is triggered by harsh conditions of fast charge and low temperature, which significantly accelerates SOH (state of health) degradation and may cause safety issues of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). This paper has reviewed recent research progress of lithium plating on graphite anode. Firstly, we summarize the forming mechanisms of Li plating with corresponding influence factors, the detecting methods and hazard of Li plating. Then, approaches to suppress Li plating are discussed, including anode surface modification, electrolyte composition optimization and development of optimal charge strategies. Finally, we conclude and propose the remaining challenges and prospects in terms of mechanism research, detecting approaches, and suppressing methods of Li plating. This review highlights the development of Li plating research and plays a guiding rule of further study on Li plating in LIBs.     

锂离子电池低温性能改善研究进展

锂离子电池因其能量密度高,循环寿命长等优点已成为新型动力电池领域的研究热点,但其温度特性尤其是低温性能较差制约着锂离子电池的进一步使用. 本文综述了锂离子电池低温性能的研究进展,系统地分析了锂离子电池低温性能的主要限制因素. 从正极、电解液、负极三个方面讨论了近年来研究者们提高电池低温性能的改性方法. 并对提高锂离子电池低温性能的发展方向进行了展望.     

Nonflammable nonaqueous electrolytes for lithium batteries

As the energy density of state-of-the-art lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) increases, the safety concern of LIBs using liquid electrolytes is drawing increasing attention. Flammability of electrolytes is a critical link of the overall safety performance of LIBs and Li metal batteries. For this reason, intensive efforts have been devoted to suppressing the flammability of liquid electrolytes. In this short review, the common approaches to reduce the flammability of the nonaqueous liquid electrolytes will be summarized. The advantages and limitations of these approaches will also be discussed.     

Strategies towards Low‐Cost Dual‐Ion Batteries with High Performance

Rocking‐chair based lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have extensively applied to consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs) for solving the present worldwide issues of fossil fuel exhaustion and environmental pollution. However, due to the growing unprecedented demand of LIBs for commercialization in EVs and grid‐scale energy storage stations, and a shortage of lithium and cobalt, the increasing cost gives impetus to exploit low‐cost rechargeable battery systems. Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs), in which both cations and anions are involved in the electrochemical redox reaction, are one of the most promising candidates to meet the low‐cost requirements of commercial applications, because of their high working voltage, excellent safety, and environmental friendliness compared to conventional rocking‐chair based LIBs. However, DIB technologies are only at the stage of fundamental research and considerable effort is required to improve the energy density and cycle life further. We review the development history and current situation, and discuss the reaction kinetics involved in DIBs, including various anionic intercalation mechanism of cathodes, and the reactions at the anodes including intercalation and alloying to explore promising strategies towards low‐cost DIBs with high performance.     

Cathodes for Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries: Materials,Mechanisms, and Kinetics

As concerns about the safety of lithium-ions batteries (LIBs) increases, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) with a lower cost, higher safety, and higher co-efficiency have attracted more and more interest. However, finding suitable cathode materials is still an urgent problem in ZIBs. In recent years, a lot of significant works have been reported, including manganese-based cathodes, vanadium-based cathodes, Prussian blue analog-based materials, and sustainable quinone cathodes. In this review, some typical cathode materials are introduced. The detailed storage mechanisms and methods for improving the reaction kinetics of the zinc ions are summarized. Finally, the issues, challenges, and the research directions are provided.     

Application of Guar Gum and its Derivatives as Green Binder/Separator for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries

Since their first commercialization in the 1990s,lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become an indispensible part of our everyday life in particular for portable electronic devices. LIBs have been considered as the most promising sustainable high energy density storage device. In recent years, there is a strong demand of LIBs for hybrid electric and electric vehicles to lower carbon footprint and mitigate climate change. However, LIBs have several issues, for example, high cost and safety issues such as over discharge, intolerance to overcharge, high temperature operation etc. To address these issues several new types of electrodes are being studied. Traditional binder PVDF is costly, difficult to recyle, undergoes side reactions at high temperature and cannot stabilize high energy density electrodes. To overcome these challenges, diiferent binders have been introduced with these electrodes. This minireview is focused on the application of guar gum as a binder for different electrodes and separator. The electrochemical performance of electrodes with guar gum has been compared with other binders.