衬底温度对氢化微晶硅锗薄膜生长的影响

采用VHF-PECVD技术在玻璃衬底上沉积微晶硅锗薄膜.研究了衬底温度对微晶硅锗薄膜的微结构和光电特性的影响.结果表明:随着衬底温度的升高,微晶硅锗薄膜的生长速率减小,(220)晶向强度增强;而同一衬底温度下,锗浓度的增加将抑制薄膜(220)晶向的生长,通过相应地提高衬底温度可以解决这一问题.利用生长基团在薄膜生长表面的扩散理论对实验结果进行了解释.     

PECVD低温制备微晶硅薄膜的研究

实验采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法在玻璃衬底上制备了微晶硅薄膜.研究了氢稀释比、衬底温度、射频功率等因素对薄膜晶化的影响,得出在一定范围内随着衬底温度的升高、射频功率和氢稀释比的增大,薄膜的晶化率得到提高;但进一步提高沉积温度、射频功率反而会使薄膜晶化效果变差,并对晶化硅薄膜低温生长的机理进行了初步的探讨.     

衬底温度对微晶硅薄膜微结构的影响

采用等离子体化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术,在不同衬底温度Ts下沉积了氢化微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜,并深入研究了衬底温度对微晶硅薄膜微结构的影响.研究结果表明随着衬底温度的升高,表征μc-Si:H 薄膜微结构的晶化率和平均晶粒尺寸均呈现了相似的变化规律,其临界温度点随着硅烷浓度的增加向高温方向移动.该实验结果可通过"表面扩散模型"得到合理解释.     

衬底温度对nc-Si∶H薄膜微结构和氢键合特征的影响

采用射频等离子体增强型化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术,以H2和SiH4作为反应气体源,在不同的衬底温度下沉积了nc-Si∶H薄膜.采用Raman散射、X射线衍射、红外吸收等技术分析了薄膜的微结构和氢键合特征.结果表明,随衬底温度的升高,nc-Si∶H薄膜的沉积速率不断增大,晶化率和晶粒尺寸增加,纳米硅颗粒呈现出Si(111)晶面的择优生长趋势.键合特性显示,薄膜中的氢含量随衬底温度升高而逐渐减小,薄膜均匀性先增大后减小.     

SiCl4浓度对微晶硅薄膜生长及光电特性的影响

研究了SiCl4浓度对等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)系统中以SiCl4/H2为反应气体的微晶硅薄膜生长及光电特性的影响.结果表明,微晶硅薄膜的沉积速率和晶化率均随SiCl4浓度的增加而增大,而晶粒平均尺寸在SiCl4浓度小于65;时呈增大趋势,在SiCl4浓度大于65;时呈减小趋势;此外,光照实验表明制备的微晶硅薄膜具有较稳定的微观结构,具有类稳恒光电导效应,且样品的电导率依赖于SiCl4浓度的变化.此外,还讨论了Cl基基团在微晶硅薄膜生长过程中所起的作用.     

热丝法低温制备多晶硅薄膜微结构的研究

采用热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD)在普通玻璃衬底上低温沉积多晶硅薄膜。利用XRD、拉曼光谱和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了灯丝与衬底间距(5~10mm),灯丝温度(1800~1400℃)和衬底温度(320~205℃)对薄膜晶体取向、晶化率、晶粒尺寸以及形貌的影响规律。结果表明,随着热丝与衬底间距增加,多晶硅薄膜的晶化率和晶粒尺寸明显减小;随热丝温度的降低,薄膜的晶化率都出现了大致相同的规律:先不断增大后突然大幅减小。     

不同衬底制备硅薄膜的微结构研究

本文用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术,在普通玻璃衬底、未织构的氧化锌掺铝(AZO)覆盖的普通玻璃衬底和石英衬底上室温下制备了微晶硅薄膜.然后用快速光热退火炉(RTP)在600℃下对样品进行了7min的退火处理, 借助Raman和SEM对退火前后硅薄膜微结构进行了研究,并用声子限域理论和纳晶表面效应对实验现象进行了分析.结果表明:(1) 薄膜沉积过程中,衬底结构对薄膜微结构有重要影响,相对来说石英衬底上沉积的硅薄膜最容易晶化,其次是玻璃衬底,再其次是未织构的AZO覆盖的玻璃衬底.初步分析认为,主要是因为衬底的无序结构与硅的晶体结构的失配程度不同造成的影响;(2)退火后,薄膜晶粒尺寸均增大.进一步推测, AZO薄膜微结构随退火的变化将导致硅薄膜微结构受到牵连影响.     

P型微晶硅薄膜材料性能的研究

本文讨论了P型微晶硅薄膜性能随硅烷浓度(SC)的变化.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),拉曼光谱仪和傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)对薄膜的结构进行了表征.随硅烷浓度的增加,微晶硅薄膜材料的生长速率和暗电导率(σd)逐渐增大,光学带隙逐渐降低.当硅烷浓度为2.0;时,硅基薄膜材料是以非晶硅为主并有散落的微晶硅颗粒的非晶硅结构.当硅烷浓度为1.5;时,硼的掺杂效率最大,同时可观察到硼抑制薄膜晶化的现象.     

VHF-PECVD制备微晶硅薄膜及其微结构表征研究

采用VHF-PECVD技术制备了系列不同衬底温度的硅薄膜.运用微区拉曼散射(Micro-Raman)和X射线衍射(XRD)对薄膜进行了结构方面的测试分析.Micro-Raman测试结果表明:随衬底温度的升高,薄膜逐渐由非晶向微晶过渡,晶化率(Xc)逐渐增大.XRD的结果显示样品的择优取向随衬底温度的升高而变化,(220)方向计算得出样品的晶粒尺寸逐渐变大.     

VHF-PECVD沉积本征微晶硅薄膜激活能特性研究

采用激活能测试装置测量VHF-PECVD高速沉积的本征微晶硅薄膜,并对不同晶化率的样品和不同沉积功率、不同沉积压强条件下沉积制备的样品的激活能进行了分析研究.结果表明:在非晶-微晶相变域附近,激活能随着晶化率的升高而降低;随着沉积功率的增大和沉积气压的增大,沉积速率提高,样品的激活能升高,通过提高沉积功率和沉积气压可以有效的抑制氧污染.     

等离子体增强CVD法沉积的微晶硅薄膜的微结构研究

本文系统研究了PECVD法沉积μc-Si薄膜中衬低温度、氢气稀释率和射频功率等参数对μc-Si薄膜结构特性的影响.表明:随着衬低温度的增加、氢气稀释率的增大、射频功率的提高,薄膜的晶化率增大.沉积薄膜的晶化率最大可达80;,表面粗糙度大约为30nm.通过对反应过程中的能量变化进行了分析,得到反应为放热反应,且非晶结构对沉积参数比较敏感.     

辉光功率对VHF-PECVD制备的硅基薄膜特性的影响

本文主要研究了用VHF-PECVD方法制备的不同辉光功率条件下系列硅薄膜样品.喇曼测试结果显示:在不同硅烷浓度(SC)条件下,非晶到微晶的过渡区发生在不同的功率点;暗电导随晶化率也体现出不同的变化,此结果表明不同SC、不同功率制备样品的结构特性和电学特性的内在规律是不同的;另外,扫描电子显微镜的测试结果表明样品的表面呈"菜花"状和剖面为柱状的结构特征.     

Temperature dependent formation of microcrystal and amorphous silicon by vacuum evaporation

In silicon films deposited in vacuum by electron beam evaporation of solid silicon, the substrate temperature dependence of the formation temperature of amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon is determined. On steel and alumina substrates, below 520°C, the silicon film is amorphous. Above this temperature, the film is crystalline with a pronounced optical band gap of 1.7 eV. With thermal treatment in vacuum, a transformation from an amorphous to a crystalline state is observed at 650°C.     

Characterization of HF-PECVD a-Si:H thin film solar cells by using OES studies

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films show considerable potential for the fabrication of thin film solar cells. In this study, the a-Si:H thin films have been deposited in a parallel-plate radio frequency (RF) plasma reactor fed with pure SiH₄. The plasma diagnostics were performed simultaneously during the a-Si:H solar cell deposition process using an optical emission spectrometer (OES) in order to study their correlations with growth rate and microstructure of the films. During the deposition, the emitting species (SiH*, Si*, H*) was analyzed. The effect of RF power on the emission intensities of excited SiH, Si and H on the film growth rate has been investigated. The OES analysis revealed a chemisorption-based deposition model of the growth mechanism. Finally, the a-Si:H thin film solar cell with an efficiency of 7.6% has been obtained.     

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon with substrate-dependent structure

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films grown at 250°C on (1 0 0) crystalline substrate using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with SiH₄/H₂ gas flow ratio equal to 5/1 (sccm) are investigated by transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the thin film is totally amorphous when grown on a glass substrate. But when the substrate is changed to crystalline silicon, some crystalline grains are found embedded in the amorphous structure in certain regions even if the thickness of the film reaches 600 nm. It is suggested that the amorphous silicon film grown on a crystalline silicon substrate at a temperature of 250°C without heavy H₂ dilution is a mixed network of a small amount of crystalline silicon and the major portion of amorphous silicon.     

Peculiarity of constant photocurrent method for silicon films with mixed amorphous–nanocrystalline structure

The results of conductivity, photoconductivity and constant photocurrent method absorption measurements by DC and AC methods in hydrogenated silicon films with mixed amorphous–nanocrystalline structure are presented. A series of diphasic silicon films was deposited by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique, using different hydrogen dilution ratios of silane. The increase of hydrogen dilution ratio results in five orders of magnitude increase of conductivity and a sharp increase of grain volume fraction. The comparison of the absorption spectra obtained by DC and AC methods showed that they are similar for silicon films with the predominantly amorphous structure and films with high grain volume fraction. However we found a dramatic discrepancy between the absorption spectra obtained by DC and AC constant photocurrent methods in silicon films deposited in the regime of the structure transition from amorphous to nanocrystalline state. AC constant photocurrent method gives higher absorption coefficient than DC constant photocurrent method in the photon energy range of 1.2–1.7 eV. This result indicates the possibility of crystalline grains contribution to absorption spectra measured by AC constant photocurrent method in silicon films with intermediate crystalline grain volume fraction.     

Influence of substrate temperature on the properties of vacuum evaporated InSb films

Indium Antimonide (InSb) thin films were grown onto well cleaned glass substrates at different substrate temperatures (303, 373 and 473 K) by vacuum evaporation. The elemental composition of the deposited InSb film was found to be 52.9% (In) and 47.1% (Sb). X‐ray diffraction studies confirm the polycrystallinity of the films and the films show preferential orientation along the (111) plane. The particle size (D), dislocation density (δ) and strain (ε) were evaluated. The particle size increases with the increase of substrate temperature, which was found to be in the range from 22.36 to 32.59 nm. In Laser Raman study, the presence of longitudinal mode (LO) confirms that the deposited films were having the crystalline nature. Raman peak located at 191.26 cm^–1 shift towards the lower frequencies and narrows with increase in deposition temperature. This indicates that the crystallinity is improved in the films deposited at higher substrate temperatures. Hall measurements indicate that the films were p‐type, having carrier concentration ≅10¹⁶ cm^–3 and mobility (4–7.7) ×10³ cm²/Vs. It is observed that the carrier concentration (N) decreases and the Hall mobility (μ) increases with the increase of substrate temperature. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Annealing effects of highly homogeneous a-Si1−xCx:H

We report the effect of annealing on the properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide thin films. The samples were deposited onto different substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at temperatures between 300 and 350 °C. The gaseous mixture was formed by silane and methane, at the ‘silane starving plasma regime’, and diluted with hydrogen. Rutherford backscattering and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were used, respectively, to determine the atomic composition and chemical bonds of the samples. The film’s structure was analyzed by means of X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray diffraction. For temperatures higher than 600 °C, amorphous silicon carbide films annealed under inert atmosphere (Ar or N₂) clearly changed their structural and compositional properties due to carbon loss and oxidation, caused by the presence of some oxygen in the annealing system. At 1000 °C, crystallization of the films becomes evident but only stoichiometric films deposited on single crystalline Si[1 0 0] substrates presented epitaxial formation of SiC crystals, showing that the crystallization process is substrate dependent. Films annealed in high-vacuum also changed their structural properties for annealing temperatures higher than 600 °C, but no traces of oxidation were observed or variations in their silicon or carbon content. At 1200 °C the stoichiometric films are fully polycrystalline, showing the existence of only a SiC phase. The XANES signal of samples deposited onto different substrates and annealed under high-vacuum also show that crystallization is highly substrate dependent.