EAST低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟

应用改进后的低杂波电流驱动程序对EAST进行了低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟。通过模拟发现,波注入位置、功率谱、等离子体温度和密度对低杂波的功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布有很大影响。通过选取合适的低杂波功率谱、等离子体温度和密度,可以实现对其功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布的控制。     

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应用改进后的低杂波电流驱动程序对EAST进行了低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟。通过模拟发现,波注入位置、功率谱、等离子体温度和密度对低杂波的功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布有很大影响。通过选取合适的低杂波功率谱、等离子体温度和密度,可以实现对其功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布的控制。     

托卡马克高场侧低杂波电流驱动模拟研究

利用GENRAY/CQL3D程序研究了EAST装置双零位形下高场侧和低场侧发射低杂波的电流驱动情况.模拟发现,电子密度较小时,高场侧低杂波电流驱动效果不如低场侧.随着电子密度的增加,高场侧低杂波电流驱动的优势逐渐显现,从高场侧发射的低杂波可以将能量沉积在更加靠近等离子体中心的位置.提高环向磁场强度有利于低杂波在高密度条...     

HT-7托卡马克大功率低混杂波电流驱动的实验研究

在HT-7超导托卡马克成功进行了大功率（P_LHW=100—800 kW,f=2.45 GHz）低混杂波电流驱动实验.研究了不同入射功率和等离子体密度下的低混杂波电流驱动效率.获得了以平均电子密度增加、氘阿尔法（D_α）线辐射减少为特征的粒子约束改善;粒子约束时间τ_p增加了约1.5倍.仔细研究了能量约束时间与等离子体密度和低混杂波功率的关系. 关键词： 托卡马克 低混杂波 约束改善 电流驱动效率     

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通过数值模拟研究了低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性。采用线型耦合理论,用艾黎函数计算了等离子体阻抗,推导出常规波导阵对等离子体的散射矩阵,并利用它和天线自身的散射矩阵研究了HT-7装置低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性;计算了其平均功率反射系数、方向性系数和功率谱与等离子体边缘密度和主波导相位差等参数的关系。结果表明,与常规波导阵相比,由于多结波导阵天线存在自匹配特性,其天线功率反射系数小,且对相位不敏感。但由于存在多余副瓣,驱动效率较低。     

低杂波多结波导阵天线耦合特性的数值分析

通过数值模拟研究了低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性。采用线型耦合理论,用艾黎函数计算了等离子体阻抗,推导出常规波导阵对等离子体的散射矩阵,并利用它和天线自身的散射矩阵研究了HT-7装置低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性;计算了其平均功率反射系数、方向性系数和功率谱与等离子体边缘密度和主波导相位差等参数的关系。结果表明,与常规波导阵相比,由于多结波导阵天线存在自匹配特性,其天线功率反射系数小,且对相位不敏感。但由于存在多余副瓣,驱动效率较低。     

Optimized calculation of the synergy conditions between electron cyclotron current drive and lower hybrid current drive on EAST

The optimized synergy conditions between electron cyclotron current drive(ECCD) and lower hybrid current drive(LHCD) with normal parameters of the EAST tokamak are studied by using the C3PO/LUKE code based on the understanding of the synergy mechanisms so as to obtain a higher synergistic current and provide theoretical reference for the synergistic effect in the EAST experiment. The dependences of the synergistic effect on the parameters of two waves(lower hybrid wave(LHW) and electron cyclotron wave(ECW)), including the radial position of the power deposition, the power value of the LH and EC waves, and the parallel refractive indices of the LHW(N) are presented and discussed.     

电子温度对HL－1托卡马克低杂波电流驱动的影响

本文利用较简单的计算模型计算低杂波沿射线轨迹的能量沉积和电流分布。结果表明，当等离子体中心电于温度不太高（Ｔｅ＜１ｋｅＶ）时，边缘冷等离子体区电子－离子碰撞吸收的能量占相当大的比例，因此电流驱动效率较低。提高中心和边缘电子温度，将较大幅度地增加低杂波电流驱动效率，从而可解释为什么在小托卡马克中低杂波电流驱动效率比在大、中型托卡马克中小得多。     

HT-6B托卡马克参数下低杂波驱动电流的密度窗口

在简晰的物理模型下,采用数值方法,研究了HT-6B托卡马克参数下的低杂波射线轨迹,波谱移动,功率吸收和驱动电流分布。结果表明,存在着驱动电流的密度窗口,即仅在一定的等离子体密度范围内才能驱动电流(通常在理论和实验上仅注意到驱动电流的密度上限)。文中对这种密度窗口的存在给予了物理解释,并进而讨论了影响驱动电流效率的主要因素。 关键词：     

新型低混杂波发射天线设计研究

描述了一种新型低混杂波天线／有源／无源波导间隔排列的阵列天线，给出了其物理模型和计算方法，对其发射波谱和反射特性进行了研究。计算了这种波导阵列中的有源波导的平均反射系数和发射波谱的方向性系数随等离子体参数和天线参数的变化关系，以及不同参数下的发射波谱，并对ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置上现有低混杂波天线特性做了更进一步的分析计算。     

Study of density fluctuation during low hybrid current drive on HT-7 tokamak

An experimental study of medium and high-k density fluctuations has been performed during low hybrid current drive (LHCD) in the HT-7 tokamak. Two series of plasma discharges in different plasma current with a limiter configuration were conducted in which the injected LHW power was gradually increased. The fluctuation level of the mode in channel kθ=12 cm−1 and kθ=20 cm−1 is related to the q profile, and the normalized frequency spectrum is found to be independent of the LHW power.     

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介绍了EAST低杂波系统天馈线保护的设计及其实现。针对EAST装置低杂波系统微波陶瓷窗破裂的原因,在低杂波系统天馈线上设置了高反射保护和打火保护两种保护措施,其中打火保护可以在打火发生后20μs以内迅速切断微波输出。实验结果表明,两种保护并行工作,能有效地保护整个波系统。     

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The synergy current drive by combining electron cyclotron wave (ECW) with lower hybrid wave (LHW) can be used to either increase the noninductive current drive efficiency or shape the plasma current profile. In this paper, the synergy current drive by ECW and LHW is studied with numerical simulation. The nonlinear relationship between the wave powers and the synergy current of ECW and LHW is revealed. When the LHW power is small, the synergy current reduces as the ECW power increases, and the synergy current is even reduced to lower than zero, which is referred as negative synergy in the this context. Research shows that the mechanism of the negative synergy is the peaking effect of LHW power profile and the trapped electrons effect. The present research is helpful for understanding the physics of synergy between electron cyclotron current drive and lower hybrid current drive, it can also instruct the design of experiments.     

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HT-7上用于低杂波电流驱动的相控波导阵天线采用的是标准波导,长和宽都是有限值。在考虑了天线上下排波导之间可能存在的极向相位差以及电磁干扰时,通过数值模拟的方法,分别得到了低杂波在环向方向的平行功率谱和在极向方向的极向功率谱。由于极向波矢的存在,低杂波进入等离子体的入射方向会发生改变。最后在不同极向相位差下对低杂波进入等离子体的入射方向进行了简要的计算和讨论。     

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HT-7上用于低杂波电流驱动的相控波导阵天线采用的是标准波导,长和宽都是有限值。在考虑了天线上下排波导之间可能存在的极向相位差以及电磁干扰时,通过数值模拟的方法,分别得到了低杂波在环向方向的平行功率谱和在极向方向的极向功率谱。由于极向波矢的存在,低杂波进入等离子体的入射方向会发生改变。最后在不同极向相位差下对低杂波进入等离子体的入射方向进行了简要的计算和讨论。     

Toroidal Effect on Lower Hybrid Current Drive in Tokamak

In the review paper of N. J. Fish, the topics concerning the basic theory of lower hybrid wave heating and current drive are presented. In the consideration of radio-frequency heating and current drive of tokamak plasma near the lower hybrid frequency, the parallel wave length is imposed by the coupling device parallel to the magnetic field and is modified by gradients along the field. The important effects are found on wave penetration and damping when the toroidal aspect ratio is low. It may be possible to change the plasma current via electron Landau damping with a coupler rf power spectrum.     

低杂波控制电流分布与改善约束研究

在HT-7超导托卡马克装置上利用低杂波电流驱动有效地控制了等离子体电流分布,并使等离子体约束性能改善。数值模拟与硬X射线测量结果均表明,低杂波的发射功率谱、纵场和等离子体密度对改变等离子体电流分布有明显的影响。在优化低杂波电流驱动实验参数的条件下,等离子体密度、温度分布发生了理想的变化。在电子和离子温度分布上出现了内部输运垒,同时等离子体的能量约束时间和粒子约束时间均有提高。     

AC operation and runaway electron behaviour in HT-7 tokamak

Operation of HT-7 tokamak in a multicycle alternating square wave plasma current regime is reported. A set of AC operation experiments, including LHW heating to enhance plasma ionization during the current transition and current sustainment, is described. The behaviour of runaway electrons is analysed by four HXR detectors tangentially viewing the plasma in the equatorial plane, within energy ranges 0.3--1.2~MeV and 0.3--7~MeV, separately. High energy runaway electrons (\sim MeV) are found to circulate predominantly in the opposite direction to the plasma current, while the number of low energy runaway electrons (\sim tens to hundreds of keV) circulating along the plasma current is comparable to that in the direction opposite to the plasma current. AC operation with lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) is observed to have an additional benefit of suppressing the runaway electrons if the drop of the loop voltage is large enough.     

Investigation of lower hybrid current drive during H-mode in EAST tokamak

H-mode discharges with lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) alone are achieved in EAST divertor plasma over a wide parameter range. These H-mode discharges are characterized by a sudden drop in D_α emission and a spontaneous rise in main plasma density. Good lower hybrid (LH) coupling during H-mode is obtained by putting the plasma close to the antenna and by injecting D₂ gas from a pipe near the grill mouse. The analysis of lower hybrid current drive properties shows that the LH deposition profile shifts off axis during H-mode, and current drive (CD) efficiency decreases due to the increase in density. Modeling results of H-mode discharges with a general ray tracing code GENRAY are reported.     

HL-2A装置的LHCD运行区域与驱动电流分布控制

讨论了低杂波电流驱动（LHCD）实验中电流驱动效率、电流分布控制与等离子体参数和入射波谱的关系,以及波的可近性对确定功率沉积分布的作用。讨论了控制电流密度分布的方法及在HL－2A装置上实现中心负剪切位形的可能性。