硫原子在镍低指数表面和(311)台阶面的吸附

应用原子和表面簇合物相互作用的5参数Morse势方法(简称5-MP)构造了S-Ni表面簇合物体系的解析势函数.首先对S-Ni低指数表面体系进行了研究,并获得了全部临界点性质.计算结果表明:硫原子在Ni(100)面上的稳定吸附态为四重洞位,在Ni(111)面上,硫原子吸附于三重位,硫原子在Ni(110)面上的吸附位有所变化.第一与第二周期的原子在(110)面上的稳定吸附态大都为赝式三重位和长桥位,而硫原子却吸附在Ni(110)面的四重洞位.理论分析结果和实验推测结果符合得很好.同时,还对S-Ni(311)台阶面吸附体系进行了研究.理论结果表明:S-Ni(311)表面吸附体系只存在四重吸附态和hcp三重吸附态,fcc三重吸附态在和四重吸附态的竞争中完全湮灭.对于S-Ni表面吸附体系,理论结果给出S原子的表面吸附结合能和表面簇合物的粗糙度有关.结合能从小到大的顺序为(111)<(100)<(110)<(311).     

Ni(111)表面Pt原子对噻吩吸附影响的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法,运用平板模型对噻吩分子在PtNi2/Ni(111)表面的水平吸附进行了结构优化和能量计算.结果表明:bridge-hollow-1位的吸附最稳定,但是bridge位吸附对噻吩的影响最大.噻吩吸附在表面上时,S原子向上翘起,C原子与表面Ni原子的作用比与Pt原子紧密,表面原子与噻吩的匹配程度决定了吸附的强度和吸附后S—C键和C—C键的活泼性.噻吩以bridge-hollow-1和bridge位吸附时分子与表面之间的电子给予与反馈最多,分子最活泼,而且除了C(1)—S键以外,环上C(1)—C(2)键活化程度也较好,而bridgehollow-2位吸附后噻吩分子中C(2)—C(2)键比较容易发生断裂.     

氢原子在Pt及Pt系双金属催化表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(dFT)考察了Pt(100)、(110)、(111)三种表面氢原子的吸附行为, 计算了覆盖度为0.25 ML时氢原子在Pt 三种表面和M-Pt(111)双金属(M=Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pd)上的最稳定吸附位、表面能以及吸附前后金属表面原子层间弛豫情况. 分析了氢原子在不同双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化以及双金属表面d 带中心偏离费米能级的程度并与氢吸附能进行了关联. 计算结果表明, 在Pt(100), Pt(110)和Pt(111)表面, 氢原子的稳定吸附位分别为桥位、短桥位和fcc 穴位. 三种表面中以Pt(111)的表面能最低, 结构最稳定. 氢原子在不同M-Pt(111)双金属表面上的最稳定吸附位均为fcc 穴位, 其中在Ni-Pt 双金属表面的吸附能最低, Co-Pt 次之. 表明氢原子在Ni-Pt 和Co-Pt 双金属表面的吸附最稳定. 通过对氢原子在M-Pt(111)双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化的分析, 验证了氢原子吸附能计算结果的准确性. 掺杂金属Ni、Co、Fe 的3d-Pt(111)双金属表面在吸附氢原子后发生弛豫, 第一层和第二层金属原子均不同程度地向外膨胀. 此外, 3d金属的掺入使得其对应的M-Pt(111)双金属表面d带中心与Pt 相比更靠近费米能级, 吸附氢原子能力增强, 表明3d-Pt系双金属表面有可能比Pt具有更好的脱氢活性.     

水在HfO2(111)和(110)表面的吸附与解离

运用广义梯度近似密度泛函理论方法(GGA-PW91)结合周期平板模型, 研究水分子在二氧化铪(111)和(110)表面不同吸附位置在不同覆盖度下的吸附行为. 通过比较不同吸附位的吸附能和几何构型参数发现:(111)和(110)表面铪原子(top 位)是活性吸附位. 水分子与表面的吸附能值随覆盖度的变化影响较小. 在(111)和(110)表面, 水分子都倾向以氧端与表面铪原子相互作用. 同时也计算了羟基、氧和氢在表面的吸附, Mulliken 电荷布居, 态密度及部分频率. 结果表明, 在两种表面羟基以氧端与表面铪相互作用, 氧原子与表面铪和氧原子同时成键, 而氢原子直接与表面氧原子相互作用形成羟基. 通过过渡态搜索, 水分子在(111)和(110)表面发生解离, 反应能垒分别为9.7和17.3 kJ·mol^-1, 且放热为59.9和47.6 kJ·mol^-1.     

氯原子在Ag低指数面上的吸附位和吸附态

应用原子和表面簇合物相互作用的5参数Morse势方法(简称5-MP)对Cl-Ag低指数表面体系进行了研究, 并获得了全部的临界点特性, 如吸附位、吸附几何、结合能、正则振动等. 计算结果表明: 在Ag(100)面上, Cl原子吸附在四重洞位; 在Ag(111)面上, Cl吸附在三重洞位; 尽管第一与第二周期原子在(110)面上的稳定吸附态大都为赝式三重位和长桥位, 但在Ag(110)面上, 四重洞位是氯原子的稳定吸附态. 理论分析结果和实验推测结果符合得很好. 理论结果给出Cl原子在Ag表面的吸附结合能和表面簇合物的粗糙度有关, 结合能从小到大的顺序为(111)＜(100)＜(110).     

噻吩在Ni(111)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法,运用平板模型对噻吩分子在Ni(111)表面的水平吸附进行了结构优化和能量计算.结果表明,hcpA位的吸附最稳定,以bridgeB吸附最不稳定;噻吩吸附在表面上时,S原子向上翘起,4个C原子与边面Ni原子的作用更紧密,表面原子与噻吩的匹配程度决定了吸附的强度和吸附后S—C键的活泼性;噻吩以bridgeA吸附时分子与表面之间的电子给予与反馈最多,分子最活泼,而hcpA位吸附后噻吩分子轨道上电子的能量变稳定,分子并不活泼.     

氮原子在铁低指数面上的吸附位和吸附态

应用原子和表面簇合物相互作用的5参数Morse势方法(5-MP)对N-Fe低指数表面体系进行了系统的研究, 并获得了全部临界点特性, 如吸附位、吸附几何、结合能、正则振动频率等. 计算结果表明: 在Fe(100)面, N原子吸附在四重洞位; 在Fe(110)表面, 趋向于吸附在膺式三重位; 而在Fe(111)表面最稳定的吸附位是近似桥位.     

氧在CuCl(111)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

运用广义梯度密度泛函理论的PW91方法结合周期平板模型,在DNP基组下研究了氧分子和氧原子在CuCl(111)表面上的吸附.对氧分子在CuCl(111)表面吸附的相关计算和比较发现,覆盖度为0.25单层时的吸附构型为稳定的吸附构型,氧分子倾斜地吸附在CuCl(111)表面的顶位时比较稳定,吸附后O2分子的伸缩振动频率与自由O2分子相比发生了红移.态密度和Mulliken电荷布居分析结果表明,整个吸附体系发生了由Cu原子向O2分子的电荷转移.氧原子在CuCl(111)表面吸附的计算结果表明,氧原子倾向于以穴位(hollow)吸附在CuCl(111)表面,通过Mulliken电荷布居和态密度分析对氧原子在CuCl表面的吸附行为作了进一步探讨.     

NO分子在金表面吸附的理论研究

气体分子在过渡族金属表面吸附是异相催化过程中的一个重要步骤.研究其在金属表面的吸附特性是了解其催化性能的基础,多年来一直是表面科学领域的研究热点.理论研究在解释吸附机理、实验现象以及证实实验结论的可靠性方面发挥着越来越重要的作用.本文使用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了NO分子在中性及带正、负电荷的Au(111),Au(100),Au(310)和Au/Au(111)表面的吸附行为.研究结果表明,NO倾斜地吸附在金表面.在这种吸附构型中,Au原子的dz2轨道和NO分子的2π*轨道对称性匹配,并达到最大重叠.中性及带正、负电荷的Au(111),Au(100),Au(310)和Au/Au(111)表面不同吸附位对NO的反应活性不同,NO易吸附于各个金表面的顶位.计算结果显示,NO分子在Au(111)面几乎不吸附,而在Au/Au(111)的吸附能高达0.89eV.对表面金原子d态电子分波态密度分析表明,金表面对NO分子的吸附活性随着金原子配位数的减少而增强,这是由于低配位数的金原子的d态电子更靠近费米能级.当金表面增加或减少一个电子时,金表面对NO的吸附能有明显变化.正电荷的金表面对NO吸附的活性比中性的表面活性高,而带...     

氮原子在Ni平坦和缺陷表面上的吸附和振动

 构造了氮－镍相互作用的5－参数Morse势，研究了氮原子在Ni（\r\n100），Ni（110）和Ni（111）平坦表面的吸附和振动，获得了氮原子\r\n在三个低指数表面的吸附位、吸附构型、结合能和本征振动等数据，计\r\n算结果与实验结果非常吻合．同时，与Ni（100）表面对比，系统研究\r\n了氮原子在Ni（510）台阶面的吸附和扩散．计算结果表明，氮原子在\r\n台阶下部形成最稳定的吸附态，台阶对下台面上扩散的氮原子形成捕获\r\n势，对上台面上扩散的氮原子形成反射势．     

Adsorption and Vibration of Carbon on Low Index and Defect Nickel Surface

The 5‐parameter Morse potential of interaction between carbon and the nickel surface was constructed. We studied the adsorption and vibration of carbon atom on Ni(100), Ni(110) and Ni(111) single crystal low index surfaces and obtained the data of adsorption sites, adsorption geometry, binding energy and eigenvibration etc., which were in good agreement with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the influence of step defect on Ni(100) surfaces for carbon adsorption was also investigated.     

Theoretical investigation of formation mechanism of bipyridyl molecule on Ni(111) surface: implication for synthesis of N-doped graphene from pyridine

The formation mechanism of bipyridyl molecule catalyzed by nickel catalyst with pyridine precursor has been studied using density functional theory calculations. The formation of bipyridyl on Ni(111) surface from two pyridine molecules is considered as the initial process of N-doped graphene growth, and the minimum energy pathway for the formation has been investigated in detail. The whole formation processes mainly includes three steps, i.e., the dehydrogenation of the first pyridine, adsorption and dehydrogenation of the second pyridine, and formation of the bipyridyl molecule. It is found that the C-H bond of pyridine could be selectively dissociated while the C-C and C-N bond connections are retained during the catalytic processes. The N-doped graphene formed by pyridine only contains pyridine-like nitrogen atoms, suggesting a possible way to produce N-doped graphene with pure pyridine-like nitrogen atoms. The comparison of formation mechanisms between bipyridyl and biphenyl molecules was carried out, and the results imply a lower temperature process for synthesis of N-doped graphene from pyridine than that for graphene from benzene.     

The interaction of water with Ni(111) and H/Ni(111) studied by TPD and HREELS

We have used temperature-programmed desorption in combination with specular and off-specular high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy to study the interaction of H(2)O and D(2)O with the bare and hydrogen-covered Ni(111) surface. Our results for the bare metal surface agree with previous reports and we are able to relate two prominent features in vibrational spectra to nuclear motions at the surface. Pre-covering Ni(111) with hydrogen alters both adsorption and desorption of water significantly. The strong H-Ni bond does not allow for isotopic exchange with co-adsorbed D(2)O. Strong resemblance of desorption traces and vibrational spectra of submonolayer coverages on H-covered Ni(111) and multilayers on bare Ni(111) suggests that adsorption of hydrogen makes this nickel surface hydrophobic.     

First-principles study of C adsorption, O adsorption, and CO dissociation on flat and stepped Ni surfaces

The adsorption of atomic oxygen and carbon was studied with plane wave density functional theory on four Ni surfaces, Ni(110), Ni(111), Ni(210), and Ni(531). Various adsorption sites on these surfaces are examined in order to identify the most favorable adsorption site for each atomic species. The dependence of surface bonding on adsorbate coverage is also investigated. Adsorption energies and structural information are obtained and compared with existing experimental results for Ni(110) and Ni(111). In addition, activation barriers to CO dissociation have been determined on Ni(111) and Ni(531) by locating the transition states for these processes. Our results indicate that the binding energies of C are comparatively stronger on stepped surfaces than on flat surfaces, and the energy barriers associated with CO dissociation strongly favor reactions occurring near surface steps.     

Chemisorption of CO2 on nickel surfaces

CO2 chemisorption on the Ni(111), Ni(100), and Ni(110) surfaces was investigated at the level of density functional theory. It was found that the ability of CO2 chemisorption is in the order of Ni(110) > Ni(100) > Ni(111). CO2 has exothermic chemisorption on Ni(110) and endothermic chemisorption on Ni(111), while it is thermally neutral on Ni(100). It is also found that there is no significant lateral interaction between the adsorbed CO2 at 1/4 monolayer (ML) coverage, while there is stronger repulsive interaction at 1/2 ML. On all surfaces, the chemisorbed CO2 is partially negatively charged, indicating the enhanced electron transfer, and the stronger the electron transfer, the stronger the C=O bond elongation. The bonding nature of the adsorbed CO2 on nickel surfaces has been analyzed. The thermodynamics of CO2 dissociative chemisorption, compared with CO and O adsorption, has been discussed, and the thermodynamic preference is in the sequence Ni(100) > Ni(111) > Ni(110).     

A DFT theoretical study of CH_4 dissociation on gold-alloyed Ni(111)surface

A density-functional theory(DFT)method has been conducted to systematically investigate the adsorption of CHx(x=0～4)as well as the dissociation of CHx(x=1～4)on(111)facets of gold-alloyed Ni surface.The results have been compared with those obtained on pure Ni(111)surface.It shows that the adsorption energies of CHx(x=1～3)are lower,and the reaction barriers of CH4 dissociation are higher in the first and the fourth steps on gold-alloyed Ni(111)compared with those on pure Ni(111).In particular,the rate-determining step for CH4 dissociation is considered as the first step of dehydrogenation on gold-alloyed Ni(111),while it is the fourth step of dehydrogenation on pure Ni(111).Furthermore,the activation barrier in rate-determining step is higher by 0.41 eV on gold-alloyed Ni(111)than that on pure Ni(111).From above results,it can be concluded that carbon is not easy to form on gold-alloyed Ni(111)compared with that on pure Ni(111).     

Ni/Pt(111) bimetallic surfaces: unique chemistry at monolayer ni coverage.

We have utilized the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of cyclohexene as probe reactions to compare the chemical reactivity of Ni overlayers that are grown epitaxially on a Pt(111) surface. The reaction pathways of cyclohexene were investigated using temperature-programmed desorption, high-resolution electron energy loss (HREELS), and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Our results provide conclusive spectroscopic evidence that the adsorption and subsequent reactions of cyclohexene are unique on the monolayer Ni surface as compared to those on the clean Pt(111) surface or the thick Ni(111) film. HREELS and NEXAFS studies show that cyclohexene is weakly pi-bonded on monolayer Ni/Pt(111) but di-sigma-bonded to Pt(111) and Ni(111). In addition, a new hydrogenation pathway is detected on the monolayer Ni surface at temperatures as low as 245 K. By exposing the monolayer Ni/Pt(111) surface to D2 prior to the adsorption of cyclohexene, the total yield of the normal and deuterated cyclohexanes increases by approximately 5-fold. Furthermore, the reaction pathway for the complete decomposition of cyclohexene to atomic carbon and hydrogen, which has a selectivity of 69% on the thick Ni(111) film, is nearly negligible (<2%) on the monolayer Ni surface. Overall, the unique chemistry of the monolayer Ni/Pt(111) surface can be explained by the weaker interaction between adsorbates and the monolayer Ni film. These results also point out the possibility of manipulating the chemical properties of metals by controlling the overlayer thickness.     

Microkinetic Modeling of Ethane Hydrogenolysis on Metals

The microkinetic analysis of ethane hydrogenolysis in the framework of the Sinfelt-Taylor mechanism is carried out using UBI-QEP data on the energetics of elementary steps. On single-crystalline surfaces of Pd(111), Pt(111), and Ni(111), the reaction predominantly occurs via ethyl formation in which the C-C bond is cleaved. The surface concentration of ethylidyne is very low, and ethyl has the highest concentration among all hydrocarbon fragments. For the conditions studied in this work, the activity in ethane hydrogenolysis increases in the series Pd(111) < Pt(111) < Ni(111). According to the results of kinetic modeling, the reaction occurs via quasi-equilibrium steps of adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen and ethane and further, practically irreversible formation of methane.     

Ni adsorption on Stone-Wales defect sites in single-wall carbon nanotubes

Ni adsorption on Stone-Wales defect sites in (10,0) zigzag and (5,5) armchair single-wall carbon nanotubes was studied using the density functional theory. The stable adsorption sites and their binding energies on different Stone-Wales defect types were analyzed and compared to those on perfect side walls. It was determined that the sites formed via fusions of 7-7 and 6-7 rings are the most exothermic in the cases of (10,0) and (5,5) defective tubes. In addition C-C bonds associated with Stone-Wales defects are more reactive than the case for a perfect hexagon, thus enhancing the stability of the Ni adsorption. Moreover, the Ni adsorption was found to show a noticeable relationship to the orientation of the Stone-Wales defects with respect to the tube axis. The nature of the Ni adsorption on Stone-Wales defects that have the similar orientation is identical, in spite of the different chiralities.