3, 4-乙烯二氧噻吩单体用作锂离子电池安全性改善添加剂的研究

安全性是制约锂离子电池向电动汽车领域应用拓展的主要障碍. 本工作提出了一种能够有效改善锂离子电池安全性的电解液添加剂-3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩单体（EDOT）,研究了其在有机电解液中的电氧化聚合行为,以及对LiCoO₂电极高温热行为和电池安全性、电化学性能的影响. 循环伏安（CV）和透射电镜（TEM）表征结果表明,单体添加剂能够在电池充电过程发生电氧化聚合,在正极表面形成一层聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）（PEDOT）导电聚合物膜;差示扫描量热（DSC）分析结果显示,PEDOT隔离了电解液与正极表面的直接接触,减少了过热条件下电解液在正极表面的分解放热. 安全性测试结果表明,在电解液中仅添加0.1%的EDOT单体,即可将电池在150 ^oC高温热冲击下发生热失控的时间推迟13.8分钟. 电化学性能测试结果表明,聚合产物良好的电子导电性能有效改善正极的电子传导能力,在一定程度上提高电池的倍率性能和循环稳定性,而容量、低温性能等基本不受影响,展示出良好的应用前景.     

吡唑基镁卤化物/四氢呋喃可充镁电池电解液

将不同配比的吡唑与格氏试剂反应制得的吡唑基镁卤化物/四氢呋喃(THF)溶液用作可充镁电池电解液,采用循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试研究了该电解液的镁沉积-溶出性能和氧化分解电位;并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对沉积物的组分和形貌进行了分析.结果表明,吡唑上的取代基、吡唑与格氏试剂的反应配比对电解液的电化学性能都有影响.1 mol·L-11-甲基吡唑-PhMgCl(1:1摩尔比)/THF反应配制的电解液在不锈钢(SS)集流体的阳极氧化分解电位达到2.4 V(vs Mg/Mg2+),并具有镁沉积-溶出电位低、循环稳定性高、配制方便的特点,有希望应用于实际的可充镁电池体系中.     

可充镁电池正极材料PTMA/石墨烯

本文制备了聚4-甲基丙烯酸-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氮氧自由基酯(PTMA)/石墨烯纳米复合材料,并报道了其作为可充镁电池正极材料的电化学性能.通过傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)表征复合材料的结构和形貌;循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试其电化学性能.粒径10 nm左右的PTMA颗粒分散在具有导电作用的石墨烯表面;在"一代"电解液Mg(AlCl2BuEt)2/四氢呋喃(THF)(0.25 mol L-1)中,22.8mA g-1充放电电流密度下,PTMA/石墨烯复合材料的起始放电容量可达到81.2 mAh g-1.研究结果表明,含有自由基的有机化合物可以作为可充镁电池的一类新型正极材料,可以进一步通过使用具有高氧化分解电压的电解液来提高其放电容量.     

LiF和LiCl对石墨电极电化学性能的影响

六氟磷酸锂是目前商品化锂离子电池中使用最广泛的电解质锂盐,LiF和LiCl是除水和酸之外六氟磷酸锂产品中最重要的杂质.运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、充放电、循环伏安法（CV）以及电化学阻抗谱测试（EIS）等研究了LiF和LiCl对石墨电极电化学性能的影响.充放电结果表明,在1 mol/L LiPF₆-EC：DEC：DMC电解液中添加饱和的LiF,可以显著提高石墨电极的充放电可逆容量并改善其循环性能,而在1 mol/L LiPF₆-EC：DEC：DMC电解液中添加饱和的LiCl,虽也可提高石墨电极的首次充电容量,但严重恶化石墨电极的充放电循环稳定性.CV结果表明,电解液中LiF、LiCl的存在对EC的还原分解过程影响较小.但SEM和EIS的结果指示,LiF、LiCl对石墨电极表面SEI膜的形成过程影响较大.在添加饱和LiF的电解液中石墨电极表面形成的SEI膜较薄且电阻较小,进而提高了石墨电极的可逆循环容量及改善了其循环稳定性;但在饱和的LiCl电解液中石墨电极表面形成的SEI膜较厚且电阻较大,严重恶化石墨电极的电化学循环稳定性.     

金属锂在含(亚)硫酰基添加剂电解液中电化学可逆性研究

分别以亚硫酰氯(SOCl2)、硫酰氯(SO2Cl2)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、苯磺酰氯(BSC)和苯基乙烯基亚砜(PVSO)作为添加剂, 加入至1 mol•L－1 LiPF6/碳酸乙烯酯(EC)＋碳酸二甲酯(DMC)(体积比为1∶1)电解液中, 采用恒电流沉积-溶出法、循环伏安法(CV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试技术, 研究了添加剂对电化学金属锂沉积-溶出可逆性以及金属锂负极/电解液界面性质的影响. 电化学测试结果表明, 添加SO2Cl2和BSC能显著改善金属锂电极的循环性能, 100% DOD(锂全溶出)条件下, 循环效率稳定在90%左右. 电化学测试、添加剂分子电子亲和能计算并结合XPS测试结果表明, 较早反应成膜的SO2Cl2和BSC添加剂可以在一定程度上抑制电解液溶剂的分解, 使锂电极循环效率和寿命得以提高. 洞察和比较添加剂的结构揭示, 含磺酰基的化合物明显优于含亚磺酰基的化合物.     

添加剂氟代碳酸乙烯酯对锂离子电池性能的影响

在1 mol·L-1 LiPF6/碳酸乙烯酯(EC)+碳酸二甲酯(DMC)+碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)(EC、DMC、EMC体积比为1:1:1)电解液中加入体积比为2%的添加剂氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC), 用循环伏安法(CV)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能量散射光谱(EDS)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法, 研究了FEC 对锂离子电池性能及石墨化中间相碳微球(MCMB)电极/电解液界面性质的影响. 结果表明, 体积比2%FEC的添加可以抑制部分电解液溶剂的分解, 在MCMB电极表面形成一层性能优良的固体电解液相界面(SEI)膜, 降低了电池的阻抗, 明显提高了电池的比容量和循环稳定性.     

溶剂热合成Cu2O微球及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为添加剂,利用溶剂热法合成了Cu2O微球.考察了PVP用量以及反应温度对产物形貌的影响,并在反应时间为2.5与4.5h时分别合成了直径为100-200nm和1μm的Cu2O微球.同时,利用差热分析(DTA)技术考察了不同直径的Cu2O微球对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化效果,结果表明:添加2%(w)的直径为100-200nm和1μm的Cu2O微球使得AP的高温分解温度分别降低了116和118°C,AP在低温阶段的分解量也明显提高.     

可充镁电池有机电解液Mg(SnPh3)2的研究

合成了可用于可充镁电池的一种新型电解液Mg（SnPh3）2,其分解电压为1.2V（相对Mg参比）。循环伏安、交流阻抗和电化学性能测试结果表明用它作为可充镁电池的电解液,电池有较好的循环性能。     

二氟二草酸硼酸锂对LiFePO4/石墨电池高温性能的影响

研究了二氟二草酸硼酸锂(LiODFB)作为锂盐加入到碳酸丙烯酯(PC)+碳酸乙烯酯(EC)+碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)(质量比为1:1:3)混合溶剂中对LiFePO4/石墨电池高温(60 ℃)循环性能的影响. 用线性扫描伏安法(LSV)测试了电解液的电化学窗口. 通过等离子发射光谱(ICP)和能量散射光谱(EDS)对LiFePO4材料高温条件下在不同电解液中的稳定性进行了研究; 并用扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)分析了石墨负极表面的固体电解液相界面(SEI)膜的热稳定性. 结果表明: 一方面LiODFB基电解液能抑制LiFePO4材料在高温条件下Fe(II)的溶解, 防止溶解的Fe(II)在石墨上还原, 有效地降低电池阻抗; 另一方面, 在LiODFB基电解液中形成的石墨负极表面SEI膜具有更好的热稳定性, 能显著提高LiFePO4/石墨电池的高温循环性能.     

锂离子电池锡薄膜负极制备及电化学性能研究

应用真空蒸发法在泡沫铜基底上制备锡薄膜负极.XRD、SEM分析表征薄膜的物相结构及其微观形貌,并测试了材料的电化学性能.结果表明,泡沫铜基底的三维结构增强了活性物质与基底的结合力.在同一基底温度下,锡颗粒随蒸发时间延长逐渐增大,电池电化学性能降低;而在同一时间内,升高基底温度,颗粒无明显变化,电池循环寿命有了很大提高.样品A″电池(基底温度:200℃,蒸发时间:0.5 h)经100次充放电循环后比容量仍达407.3 mAh·g-1.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.