高双折射Lyot-Sagnac环型平顶梳状滤波器(英文)

为了获得高消光比、窄线宽、信道间隔均匀的高性能梳状滤波器,提出了一种基于高双折射光纤梳状滤波器的结构设计,并利用传输矩阵法对设计的滤波器的滤波特性进行了理论研究.数值分析了该梳状滤波器中高双折射光纤、耦合器以及偏振控制器对梳状谱特性的影响.仿真结果表明,该滤波器信道间隔为50GHz,0.5dB带宽约为0.12nm,消光比高达30dB,满足25/50GHz梳状滤波器的要求.实验验证了推导的传输函数和波长间隔表达式的正确性,测得光谱隔离度可以达到22dB,0.5dB带宽大于波长间隔的30%.由于器件连接中存在各种损耗,实验所测的光谱隔离度总要低于理论值.理论分析、仿真结果与实验结果验证了该滤波器方案的有效性和可行性.     

基于对称结构的光纤谐振环辅助马赫曾德尔干涉仪型梳状滤波器的研究

为了改善常规马赫曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)型滤波器的输出特性, 提出了一种由双耦合器和单模光纤构成的“8”字形谐振环,将该光纤谐振环与一个3 dB光纤方向耦合器相结合,利用光纤谐振环反馈回路引入的相位调节效应,选择合适的谐振环耦合角,设计出一种基于对称结构的光纤谐振环梳状滤波器,具有平坦滤波响应的输出光谱。与普通MZI型梳状滤波器和双级级联MZI型梳状滤波器相比,阻带抑制和过渡带滚降特性明显加强;与不对称结构的光纤谐振环辅助MZI型梳状滤波器相比,在考虑传输损耗的情况下,相干涉的两束光信号不存在幅度差异,降低了传输损耗对梳状滤波器消光特性的影响。     

一种全光纤型窄带梳状滤波器的特性分析

分析了由双光纤定向耦合器组成的梳状滤波器的透射特性。根据传输矩阵,推导出了该滤波器的输出光谱与有关参数之间的关系式。分析结果表明:该滤波器具有法布里_珀罗腔多光束干涉的特点,是一种窄带宽梳状滤波器;耦合器的耦合系数与法布里_珀罗腔中的反射率类似,通过控制耦合系数可以调节滤波器的通带半宽度、消光比、隔离度、输出光强等。     

基于3×3和2×2光纤耦合器的全光纤不等带宽梳状滤波器的设计

针对基于三个2×2单模光纤耦合器的全光纤级联Mach-Zehnder干涉仪型(CMZI)不等带宽光学梳状滤波器在实际制作过程中存在的问题,提出了由一个2×2和两个3×3单模光纤耦合器级联组成的全光纤不等带宽光学梳状滤波器,并进行了详细的分析.通过对光纤耦合器分光比、干涉仪臂长差等结构参量的选择,详细分析了其传输特性,并...     

CO2激光写入长周期光纤光栅的折变理论及实验研究

理论分析了利用高频CO₂激光脉冲在不同类型光纤中写入长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）时光纤包层和纤芯发生折射率改变的机理和计算方法.结果表明,残余应力释放、快速固化、光纤致密化和熔融变形是高频CO₂激光能成栅的主要原因,但采用不同的写入方法、不同的激光写入能量在不同的光纤类型上制作光栅时各种机理的重要性不同.利用长周期光纤光栅对构成的M-Z干涉仪实验测量了高频CO₂激光以不同辐射能量在光纤不同作用位置所引起的光纤纤芯或包层的折射率平均变化量,并通过实际制作光栅的过程来初步验证光纤折射率的变化情况.CO₂激光与光纤相互作用机理的分析和实验研究为利用这种方法制作折变型全光纤器件提供了实验制作的基础和完善工艺的方法. 关键词： 光纤器件 长周期光纤光栅 2激光脉冲')" href="#">CO₂激光脉冲 折变     

基于双芯光纤级联布拉格光纤光栅的温度与应力解耦双测量传感系统

提出了一种基于耦合型双芯光纤级联布拉格光纤光栅的温度与应力双参数解耦测量的全光纤型传感系统。实验制备了一系列不同长度的双芯光纤滤波器,并测量分析了其自由光谱范围与双芯光纤长度的关系,结果与理论基本一致。实验发现双芯光纤及布拉格光栅对施加应力与环境温度的变化具有不同的光谱响应。利用光谱分析仪实时监测双芯光纤透射光谱波谷处波长及光纤光栅透射谱的波长漂移量,方便地实现了温度与应力的解耦双测量。多次测试发现该传感器对应力与温度响应特性具有良好的重复性,波长误差低于实验所用光谱仪分辨率。对于0.01 nm波长分辨率的光谱仪,提出的全光纤型传感器可以分别实现4.3048με及0.4562℃的应力与温度传感测量分辨率。     

基于微光纤Sagnac环的可切换多波长掺铒光纤激光器

提出了一种基于微光纤Sagnac环的可切换多波长掺铒光纤激光器。微光纤Sagnac环梳状滤波器是由一个腰区直径为5.68μm的微光纤耦合器熔接一段5.5 cm的保偏光纤而成。将该滤波器熔接到光纤环形腔中,通过调节偏振控制器,实现了四波长激光输出。此外还分别实现了稳定可切换的单、双、三波长激光输出,且双波长和三波长激光的输出间隔可调谐。实验结果表明,所有输出激光光谱的3 dB线宽均小于0.027 nm,边模抑制比均大于40 dB,最大可达到58 dB。对输出三波长的激光进行稳定性测试,其在1 h内波长偏移量小于0.028 nm,峰值功率波动量小于0.9 dB。该激光器单色性好、稳定性好,可应用于波分复用及全光通信系统等领域。     

基于超长周期光纤光栅的高灵敏度扭曲传感器

利用高频CO₂激光脉冲写入的周期达数毫米的超长周期光纤光栅(ULPFG)，实验研究了这种新型ULPFG的扭曲特性，发现它的某些高阶谐振波长漂移与扭曲率之间具有良好的线性关系和方向相关性，其灵敏度可达0.2244nm/(rad/m)，是高频CO₂激光脉冲写入法写入的普通LPFG扭曲灵敏度的4倍.初步的理论分析表明，新型ULPFG横截面折变的非对称性以及导模与高阶包层模之间发生的耦合使得扭曲具有方向相关性和很高的灵敏度.基于这种ULPFG独特的扭曲特性，设计了一种可 关键词： 光纤传感 光纤光栅 2激光')" href="#">CO₂激光 扭曲测量 双折射     

一种通道数可变的光纤光栅梳状滤波器

利用级联长周期光纤光栅与具有宽带反射功能的啁啾光纤光栅,构成了一种反射型的光纤光栅梳状滤波器.由于光在输出前经过两次干涉滤波作用,所以该梳状滤波器的消光比与透射输出型(即反射前)相比,增加了一倍.而且,通过调节啁啾光纤光栅的反射带宽,可以改变滤波器输出信道的数目.实验中利用弹性梁弯曲的方法,获得了两个可调的光纤光栅梳状滤波器,其信道数可分别在1～5和3～9之间的奇数间调谐(如果改变啁啾光纤光栅的初始中心波长,也可以获得偶数信道间的调谐).     

基于光纤环形滤波器的双波长掺铒光纤激光器

提出并设计了一种基于光纤环形滤波器的环形腔掺Er3+光纤激光器,实现了稳定的单波长和双波长激光输出.采用保偏光纤布喇格光栅作为选频器件;两支分光比为20∶80的1×2耦合器结合2m保偏光纤构成环形滤波器,抑制模式跳变,提高激光输出稳定性,通过调节滤波器内偏振控制器实现波长选择性输出;采用长度为1m的饱和吸收体起到稳频作用.实验结果表明:该激光器工作阈值为71mW,在熔接滤波器后,光谱特性得到改善;调节偏振控制器可实现单波长激光可切换输出或双波长激光同时输出,双波长间隔0.88nm,1 535.5nm和1 534.7nm单波长切换输出时最大功率分别为0.078dBm和-2.585dBm,激光3dB线宽为0.16nm和0.15nm;在室温20min内,输出激光波长漂移小于0.06nm,功率变化小于1.3dB.     

Step-changed period chirped long-period fiber gratings fabricated by CO2 laser

A CO₂ laser and point-by-point method are used for fabricating step-changed period chirped long-period fiber gratings (LPFG). Several types of period chirped LPFGs have been demonstrated, such as, linearly chirp, peak-shape chirp, and cascaded linearly chirp. Unlike uniform LPFGs, the spectrum change such as multiple attenuation peaks, broader spectrum can be seen in these chirp gratings, and the spectral shape can be controlled by the grating period. Especially, the cascaded linearly chirped LPFGs performs a multi-peak as interference between the core mode and cladding mode, which can be used as multi-wavelength filters in fiber optic communication and fiber optic sensors. Also, a linear tuning range of 1.6 nm with -0.559 pm/με tuning rate is achieved in these types of devices by applying an axial strain.     

CO2激光写入旋转折变型长周期光纤光栅的制作及理论分析

提出了一种光纤横截面折射率变化呈旋转非对称变化的长周期光纤光栅（R-LPFG） 结构,并利用多层圆波导理论和横截面折射率离散分析方法,结合模式耦合方程组和数值求解方法理论分析了这种光栅的模式耦合特征.理论分析表明R-LPFG纤芯基模主要与一阶非对称包层模发生耦合,当光栅旋转度逐渐变大时,R-LPFG基模会与一阶非对称包层模的奇模和偶模同时发生耦合,这就会使原来单一的谐振峰逐渐分裂成双峰,这是常规光栅类型所不具有的透射谱特征.由于R-LPFG的双峰来自同一对耦合模式,它们对温度的响应很相似,因此可利用双峰间 关键词： 光纤传感 光纤光栅 2激光')" href="#">CO₂激光 旋转折变     

高灵敏度光纤应变传感器

提出一种基于锥形光纤和光纤F-P腔组合结构的光纤应变传感器。该传感器包含单模光纤拉锥形成的锥区和石英毛细管构建的F-P腔2个应变敏感区域。理论分析了光波在该传感器中的传播过程,获得了该传感器的光强传输函数。由于锥形光纤中激发出的包层高阶模参与干涉,导致传感器干涉光谱具有调制特性。实验获得了该传感器的干涉光谱,通过分析谐振波长偏移或消光比变化对应变实现独立测量,在0~500 με的测量范围内,该传感器的应变灵敏度为14.6 pm/με。利用锥形光纤引发的模式干涉和F-P腔的双光束干涉效应共同作用形成受调制的干涉谱型进行应变传感,应变灵敏度高,同时具备2种独立的应变检测手段(谐振波长和消光比检测)。     

Arbitrarily switchable multi-wavelength Yb-doped fiber lasers with phase-shifted long-period fiber grating

An arbitrarily switchable multi-wavelength Yb-doped fiber laser (YDFL) based on a phase-shifted long-period fiber grating (PS-LPFG) is proposed and demonstrated. The PS-LPFG, which was fabricated by a CO₂ laser under asymmetric exposure, acts as a spectral filter with anisotropic transmission spectrum at different states of polarization. The capability of arbitrary wavelength switching can be attributed to the combination of the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of the PS-LPFG and the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) effect. The method suggests a new possibility to achieve even more wavelengths output with an all-fiber format, arbitrarily switchable and tunable capability in the Yb-doped fiber laser system in a simple, stable and well controlled manner.     

Unique temperature sensing characteristics of CO2-laser-notched long-period fiber gratings

Long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) are written by use of a focused CO₂ laser beam to notch periodically on the surface of optical fibers. Temperature characteristics of the CO₂-laser-notched LPFG are investigated in detailed to develop its sensing applications. It is shown that, for such LPFG, temperature sensitivity of resonant wavelength can be increased by creating deeper notches. The coupling from the fundamental core mode to a cladding mode in the LPFG can be enhanced by increasing the ambient temperature. The polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of the LPFG depends strongly on the ambient temperature. Such unique temperature characteristics can be used to solve the cross-sensitivity problem between the temperature and the tensile strain. So, the LPFG is a promising temperature sensor based on the wavelength modulation, on the intensity modulation and/or on the PDL modulation.     

High-power transverse flow CW CO2 laser for material processing applications

A transverse flow transversely excited (TFTE) CW CO₂ with a maximum output power about 15 kW has been developed. This is excited by pulser sustained DC discharge applied between a pair of multi-pins anodes and a common tubular cathode. Though the laser power in convective cooled CO₂ laser scales proportionally with the volumetric gas flow, it did not increase in this laser when the volumetric gas flow was increased by increasing the electrode separation keeping the flow velocity constant. The discharge voltage too remained almost unchanged with increase of the electrode separation. These observations are explained considering the electrical discharge being controlled by ionization instability. Laser materials processing applications often demand programming facilities for laser power modulation. A four-stage cascaded multilevel DC–DC converter-based high-frequency switch mode power supply has been developed to modulate the output power of the laser. Laser was operated up to 15 kW output power in four different modes viz. continuous wave mode, pulse periodic mode, single shot mode and processing velocity-dependent power mode with 1.2 kHz modulation bandwidth. We describe briefly the laser system, the SMPS, and the temporal behavior of laser beam.     

Deep ultraviolet femtosecond laser tuning of fiber Bragg gratings

A deep ultraviolet femtosecond laser operating at wavelength 258 nm was demonstrated to be effective in trimming fiber Bragg gratings in telecommunication fibers. A smooth tunable resonance wavelength shift of up to 0.52 nm has been observed, corresponding to a refractive index change of ∼5 × 10⁻⁴ after an accumulated laser fluence of 63.3 kJ/cm² at a single pulse fluence of 124 mJ/cm². The ultrafast laser enhancement of ultraviolet photosensitivity response and modification of anisotropic index profile in silica fiber is a powerful technique to precise control of the performance of fiber Bragg grating devices for applications in optical filtering and polarization mode dispersion management.     

Low loss smart hollow waveguides with new polymer coating material

A new kind of cyclic olefin polymer COP-E48R has been selected as the dielectric material for a silver hollow glass tube. Owing to its lower extinction coefficient at the wavelength of 10.6 μm, transmission losses for the CO₂ laser light has been reduced significantly in the COP-E48R-coated silver (COP-E48R/Ag) hollow glass waveguide. By properly selecting the film thickness of COP, Er:YAG and CO₂ laser light are shown to be transmitted with low loss simultaneously or independently. Delivery properties of red and green pilot beams were also evaluated.     

Tunable filter based on a pair of special long-period fiber gratings and its application in fiber ring laser

A filter based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) formed by cascading a pair of longperiod fiber gratings (LPFGs) written by CO₂ laser in a twisted single-mode fiber is proposed. The transmission spectrum of the filter is tuned by modifying the bending curvature of the MZI, and thus wavelength tuning is achieved. And a tunable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser employing the filter as a wavelengthselection component is experimentally demonstrated. The laser can be tuned continuously from 1573.05 to 1595.75 nm with a side-mode suppression ration of ∼50 dB over the total tuning range.     

Effect of pump spectra and axial mode separation on the single longitudinal mode performance in end pumped solid-state lasers with semi-monolithic gain medium

We present a theoretical model to study the effect of the pump spectrum and axial mode separation on the single longitudinal mode operation of a laser with a homogeneously broadened semi-monolithic gain medium of short absorption depth. The characterizing parameter is the ratio of the pump power up to which single longitudinal mode is possible to the pump power at the lasing threshold and is denoted by r_max. A numerical study using a Gaussian-shaped pump spectrum reveals that, for a small value of the axial mode separation and for a crystal with short absorption depth at the pump wavelength, the value of r_max reduces significantly with increase in the FWHM of the pump spectrum and thereby results in degradation of the single longitudinal mode performance of the system. However, for large value of the axial mode separation, the SLM performance was found to be nearly independent of the variations in the spectral bandwidth of the pump beam, location of its peak emission wavelength and its polarization.