Role of Prehistories in the Initial Value Problems of Fractional Viscoelastic Equations

The fractional viscoelastic equation (FVE), which is a second-order differential equation with fractional derivatives describing the dynamical behavior of a single-degree-of-freedom viscoelastic oscillator, is considered. Some viscoelastic damped mechanical systems may be described by FVEs. However, FVEs with conventional nonzero initial values cannot generally be solved. In this paper, the prehistories of the unknown functions before the initial times, referred to as the initial functions, are taken into account to solve FVEs. Mathematically, appropriate initial functions are essential for unique solutions of FVEs. Physically, the initial functions reflect the processes of giving the initial values. FVEs are solved for some initial functions both by analytical and numerical methods. The initial functions affect the solutions of FVEs. It is discussed how the solutions depend on the initial functions. Implication of the solutions to viscoelastic materials will be discussed.     

General solutions to a class of time fractional partial differential equations

A class of time fractional partial differential equations is considered, which in- cludes a time fractional diffusion equation, a time fractional reaction-diffusion equation, a time fractional advection-diffusion equation, and their corresponding integer-order partial differential equations. The fundamental solutions to the Cauchy problem in a whole-space domain and the signaling problem in a half-space domain are obtained by using Fourier- Laplace transforms and their inverse transforms. The appropriate structures of the Green functions are provided. On the other hand, the solutions in the form of a series to the initial and boundary value problems in a bounded-space domain are derived by the sine- Laplace or cosine-Laplace transforms. Two examples are presented to show applications of the present technique.     

Plane surface suddenly set in motion in a viscoelastic fluid with fractional Maxwell model

The fractional calculus approach in the constitutive relationship model of viscoelastic fluid is introduced. The flow near a wall suddenly set in motion is studied for a non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluid with the fractional Maxwell model. Exact solutions of velocity and stress are obtained by using the discrete inverse Laplace transform of the sequential fractional derivatives. It is found that the effect of the fractional orders in the constitutive relationship on the flow field is significant. The results show that for small times there are appreciable viscoelastic effects on the shear stress at the plate, for large times the viscoelastic effects become weak. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10002003), Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education, Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education     

分数导数型本构关系描述粘弹性梁的振动分析

本文研究粘弹性梁在周期激励作用下的受迫振动问题。梁的材料满足Kelvin-Volgt分数导数型本构关系。基于动力学方程、本构关系和应变－位移关系建立了小变形粘弹性梁的振动方程。采用分离变量法分析粘弹性梁的自由振动,导出模态坐标满足的常微分－积分方程和模态函数满足的常微分方程,对于两端简支的截面梁给出了固有频率和模态函数。对于简谐激励作用下粘弹性梁的受迫振动,利用模态叠加得到了稳态响应。最后给出数值算例说明本文方法的应用。     

Solution for a Fractional Diffusion-Wave Equation Defined in a Bounded Domain

A general solution is given for a fractional diffusion-wave equation defined in a bounded space domain. The fractional time derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The finite sine transform technique is used to convert a fractional differential equation from a space domain to a wavenumber domain. Laplace transform is used to reduce the resulting equation to an ordinary algebraic equation. Inverse Laplace and inverse finite sine transforms are used to obtain the desired solutions. The response expressions are written in terms of the Mittag–Leffler functions. For the first and the second derivative terms, these expressions reduce to the ordinary diffusion and wave solutions. Two examples are presented to show the application of the present technique. Results show that for fractional time derivatives of order 1/2 and 3/2, the system exhibits, respectively, slow diffusion and mixed diffusion-wave behaviors.     

A numerical method for fractional integral with applications

IntroductionThefractionalcalculushasalonghistoryandthereareamassofworkstodiscussthefractionalderivativesandfractionalintegralswitharbitrary (realorcomplex)order[1- 3 ].Thefractionalcalculushasawideapplicationbackground ,especiallyinthefieldsofchemistry ,electromagnetics,materialscienceandmechanics.Forexample,Gement[4 ]proposedthefractionalderivativeconstitutivemodelsofaviscoelasticmaterialatfirst.Themodelshavereceivedincreasingattention[5 - 7].Onlyafewparametersarecontainedinthemodelsandthemo…     

FE formulation for the viscoelastic body modeled by fractional constitutive law

This paper presents finite element (FE) formulation of the viscoelastic materials described by fractional constitutive law. The time-domain three-dimensional constitutive equation is constructed. The FE equations are set up by equations are solved by numerical integration method. The numerical algorithm developed by the authors for Liouville-Riemann's fractional derivative was adopted to formulate FE procedures and extended to solve the more general case of the hereditary integration. The numerical examples were given to show the correctness and effectiveness of the integration algorithm. The project supported by the Ministry of Education of China for the returned overseas Chinese scholars     

黏弹性准饱和土中球空腔动力特性

在频率域内研究了内水压力作用下分数导数型黏弹性准饱和土中球空腔的稳态动力响应. 通 过引入与孔隙率有关的应力系数合理地确定了介质和孔隙水共同承担的内水压力值. 将土骨 架和衬砌分别视为具有分数导数本构模型的黏弹性体和多孔柔性材料, 基于Biot两相介质模 型, 通过引入位移势函数解耦得到了内水压力作用下分数导数型黏弹性准饱和土中半封闭球 形空腔的位移、应力和孔隙水压力解析表达式. 考察了物性和几何各参数对球形空腔动力响 应的影响, 结果表明: 分数导数本构模型更合理地描述了土体的动力学行为; 饱和度对应力 和孔隙水压力影响较大, 而对位移影响较小.     

广义Maxwell黏弹性流体在两平板间的非定常流动

将分数阶微积分运算引入Maxwell黏弹性流体的本构方程，研究了黏弹性流体在两平板问的非定常流动．对于广义Maxwell黏弹性流体的分数阶导数模型，导出了对时间具有分数阶导数的特殊运动方程，利用分数阶微积分的Laplace变换理论，得到了流动的解析解．     

A fractional differential constitutive model for dynamic stress intensity factors of an anti-plane crack in viscoelastic materials

Fractional differential constitutive relationships are introduced to depict the history of dynamic stress inten- sity factors （DSIFs） for a semi-infinite crack in infinite viscoelastic material subjected to anti-plane shear impact load. The basic equations which govern the anti-plane deformation behavior are converted to a fractional wave-like equation. By utilizing Laplace and Fourier integral transforms, the fractional wave-like equation is cast into an ordinary differential equation （ODE）. The unknown function in the solution of ODE is obtained by applying Fourier transform directly to the boundary conditions of fractional wave-like equation in Laplace domain instead of solving dual integral equations. Analytical solutions of DSIFs in Laplace domain are derived by Wiener-Hopf technique and the numerical solutions of DSIFs in time domain are obtained by Talbot algorithm. The effects of four parameters α, β, b1, b2 of the fractional dif- ferential constitutive model on DSIFs are discussed. The numerical results show that the present fractional differential constitutive model can well describe the behavior of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in viscoelastic materials, and the model is also compatible with solutions of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in elastic materials.     

Correcting the initialization of models with fractional derivatives via history-dependent conditions

Fractional differential equations are more and more used in modeling memory(history-dependent,nonlocal,or hereditary) phenomena.Conventional initial values of fractional differential equations are define at a point,while recent works defin initial conditions over histories.We prove that the conventional initialization of fractional differential equations with a Riemann–Liouville derivative is wrong with a simple counter-example.The initial values were assumed to be arbitrarily given for a typical fractional differential equation,but we fin one of these values can only be zero.We show that fractional differential equations are of infinit dimensions,and the initial conditions,initial histories,are define as functions over intervals.We obtain the equivalent integral equation for Caputo case.With a simple fractional model of materials,we illustrate that the recovery behavior is correct with the initial creep history,but is wrong with initial values at the starting point of the recovery.We demonstrate the application of initial history by solving a forced fractional Lorenz system numerically.     

三种分形和分数阶导数阻尼振动模型的比较研究

标准的整数阶导数方程不能准确描述粘弹性材料的记忆性参考文献[1]和阻尼的分数次幂频率依赖[2],因此分形导数、分数阶导数及正定分数阶导数被用于描述粘弹性介质中的阻尼振动.该文通过分析模型和数值模拟,比较了三种模型描述的振动过程.结果显示,当p小于约O.75或大于约1.9时(p为非整数阶导数的阶数),分形导数模型衰减最快;当P大于约0.75且小于约1.9时,正定分数阶导数模型衰减最快,衰减最慢的分别为分数阶导数模型(p<1)和分形导数模型(p>1).且正定分数阶导数模型衰减快于分数阶导数模型,当p接近2时,两种模型较为相近.     

非线性粘弹性Timoshenko梁动力学行为的分布

本文讨论了有限变形粘弹性Timoshenko梁的动力学行为。首先由Timoshenko梁的理论和分数导数型本构关系给出了梁的控制方程。其次为了便于求解,采用Galerkin方法对系统进行了简化,并比较了1阶和2阶截断系统的动力学性质,它们具有相同的定性性质,说明Galerkin方法的合理性。给出了求解包含分数积分的积分－微分方程的一种新方法,以便求解系统的长时间的解。综合利用非线性动力系统中的经典方法,揭示了梁在有限变形情况下丰富的动力学行为,并分别考察了载荷参数的材料参数对结构的动力学行为的影响。     

纤维加强复合材料的总体粘弹性响应

在某些纤维增强复合材料(FRC)中使用金属或高分子聚合物作为基体材料。在高温等情况下,这类材料具有明显的粘弹性特性。本文采用Riemann—Liouville形式的分数阶导数模型描述基体的粘弹性特性。通过渐近均匀化方法给出了预测FRC整体三维本构关系的解析表达式。给出了应用于基体具有Makris粘弹性关系的具体形式。以圆截面纤维正方形排列的情形为例,给出了等效模量随纤维体积比的变化曲线。结果说明,这类复合材料仍具有粘弹性特性,其整体粘弹性本构关系的弹性部分综合了纤维弹性和基体弹性的贡献,粘性部分来自基体粘性的贡献,复合材料具有和基体相同的粘性系数和分数阶。为分析微结构特征对整体特性的贡献,须求解两类局部问题。可以看出,在整体的等效模量中包含了局部变形的贡献,局部变形增加了复合材料的耦合刚度。     

分数阶黏弹性土层中分数阶三维轴对称桩的竖向振动

将桩基和土体视为三维连续介质,桩基和土体的应力一应变关系采用分数阶黏弹性模型描述。在三维轴对称情况下,利用三维弹性理论和连续介质力学理论,运用分离变量法和分数阶导数的性质,得到了分数阶黏弹性土层中分数阶黏弹性桩基的三维轴对称解;并分析了相关参数对桩顸动态刚度和等效阻尼的影响。研究结果表明：与土体相比,桩基的相关参量对桩顶复刚度的影响较大;桩基和土体的密度比、模量比对桩顶复刚度都有较大的影响。     

Fractional relaxation and the time-temperature superposition principle

Relaxation processes in complex systems like polymers or other viscoelastic materials can be described by equations containing fractional differential or integral operators. In order to give a physical motivation for fractional order equations, the fractional relaxation is discussed in the framework of statistical mechanics. We show that fractional relaxation represents a special type of a non-Markovian process. Assuming a separation condition and the validity of the thermo-rheological principle, stating that a change of the temperature only influences the time scale but not the rheological functional form, it is shown that a fractional operator equation for the underlying relaxation process results.     

超高分子量聚乙烯材料的应力松弛研究

采用实验方法研究超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)材料,在不同温度、应变率和初始应变的条件下进行单轴压缩应力松弛实验,得出松弛应力与时间成非线性关系,且温度越高、应变率越大、初始应变越小,则最终稳定的应力值越小的结论．采用时间分数阶粘弹性模型,结合Boltzmann叠加原理推导出UHMWPE材料在整个加载段及松弛段的应力响应函数,并与实验数据最小二乘拟合．结果表明,时间分数阶Scott-Blair模型能很好地描述UHMWPE材料的粘弹性行为．     

Nonlinear Fractional Order Viscoelasticity at Large Strains

In this paper, we formulate a fractional order viscoelastic model for large deformations and develop an algorithm for the integration of the constitutive response. The model is based on the multiplicative split of the deformation gradient into elastic and viscous parts. Further, the stress response is considered to be composed of a nonequilibrium part and an equilibrium part. The viscous part of the deformation gradient (here regarded as an internal variable) is governed by a nonlinear rate equation of fractional order. To solve the rate equation the finite element method in time is used in combination with Newton iterations. The method can handle nonuniform time meshes and uses sparse quadrature for the calculations of the fractional order integral. Moreover, the proposed model is compared to another large deformation viscoelastic model with a linear rate equation of fractional order. This is done by computing constitutive responses as well as structural dynamic responses of fictitious rubber materials.     

基于Caputo导数的分数阶非线性振动系统响应计算

研究了含分数阶Caputo导数的非线性振动系统响应的数值计算方法。首先,由Caputo分数阶导数算子的叠加关系,得到含分数阶导数项非线性振动系统状态方程的标准形式。其次,基于Caputo导数与Riemann-Liouville导数和Grunwald-Letnikov导数间的关系,推导计算了Caputo导数的一般数值迭代格式。本文方法不要求状态方程中各分数阶导数阶数相等,弱化了已有算法中对分数阶导数阶数的限制,并可推广到多自由度的情形。随后,选择若干有解析解的算例验证了本文方法的正确性。最后,以多吸引子共存的分数阶Duffing振子系统为例,比较Caputo和GL两种算法所得结果,说明了用GL算法求解存在的问题。