金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第四讲金属材料中钛的测定(续)

2.4　铝钛中间合金中钛的测定(此方法由上海材料研究化学分析研究室提供)测定范围:w(Ti)≥1%方法提要:试样0.5000g,置于500ml锥形瓶中,加入盐酸(1+1)20ml,作用缓慢时加热至试样全溶,滴加过氧化氢(ρ1.11g·ml-1)3～5滴,煮沸。如溶液不清,过滤至另个500ml锥形瓶中,用盐酸(5+95)洗涤沉淀及滤纸。如沉淀中有不溶性钛的化合物存在,须将沉淀及滤纸置于铂坩埚中灰化,用焦硫酸钾熔融,熔块用稀硫酸浸出后并入于主液中。加硫酸(ρ1.84g·ml-1)5ml,加热蒸发至冒硫酸烟,冷却,加盐酸(1+1)100ml,加热溶解盐类,加水至约150ml,加入碳酸氢钠2g和铝片2g,随即…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行——第四讲 金属材料中钛的测定（续）

(1)变色酸光度法测定钛量(摘自GB/T223 16-1991)适用范围:生铁、碳钢等铁基合金测定范围:w(Ti)0.010%～2.50%方法提要:①试样溶解　按表19所示称取试样并置于250ml锥形瓶中,加入HCl HNO3(3+1)混合酸20～30ml,加热溶解试样。含硅高的试样,在溶解时向溶液中滴加氢氟酸(ρ1.15g·ml-1)数滴助溶。高碳钢试样则需加入高氯酸(ρ1.67g·ml-1)3～5ml。待溶解完全后加入硫酸(1+1)10ml,加热蒸发至冒硫酸烟。如在溶样时曾滴入氢氟酸助熔,须将溶液冷却,用水冲洗锥形瓶内壁后再冒烟一次。表19　试样称取量及试液分取量Tab.19　Massofsampleandal…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行——第四讲 金属材料中钛的测定（续）

(2)高纯铝(纯度99.99%)中痕量钛的测定(摘自上海材料研究所1964年研究报告)适用范围:高纯铝测定范围:w(Ti)0.001%～0.010%方法提要:①试样的溶解及钛的分离　称取试样1 000～2 000g,置于聚四氟乙烯烧杯中,按每克试样6g氢氧化钠的比例加入氢氧化钠后分次加入水10ml,待自发溶解反应缓慢时加热至试样溶解完全,加水稀释至约200ml,加入铁溶液(ρFe5mg·ml-1)4ml,充分搅拌,加热至沸并保温约30min,冷却,过滤,用10g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液洗涤烧杯及沉淀。弃去滤液。分次用热盐酸(1+3)20ml将沉淀从滤纸上溶解并接受于原烧杯中。必要时在稀盐酸中加…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行——第四讲 金属材料中钛的测定（续）

(2)过氧化氢光度法测定铝合金钛含量(摘自美国ASTM标准E34-68,在之后修订的标准中钛的测定已改为二安替比林甲烷光度法)适用范围:铝合金测定范围:w(Ti)0.01%～0.50%方法提要:称取0.300～1.000g试样(估计含钛0.15～3.0mg),置于400ml烧杯中,分次加入200g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液30ml,待剧烈反应趋于平静时加入硫酸硝酸混合酸[硝酸(1+5)300ml与硫酸(1+1)700ml混合]50ml使溶液酸化,温热使盐类溶解并驱除黄烟,冷却,将溶液移入100ml容量瓶中,加水稀释至标线,摇匀。用紧质滤干过滤,弃去最初流出的几毫升滤液。保留滤液25ml作为参比溶液。在剩余的…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第三讲钢铁中钼的测定(续)

2 .11　钢铁中钼的原子吸收光谱测定法 (摘自ГОСТ12 35 4- 81)适用范围 :合金钢、高合金钢测定范围 :0 .0 1% 5 .0 0 %方法提要 :(a)试样溶解 :称取 0 .5 0 0 0g试样 ,置于 2 5 0ml烧杯中 ,加入盐酸 硝酸 (3+ 1)混合酸 30ml ,加热溶解 ,再加硫磷混合酸 (每升溶液中含浓硫酸 15 0ml及浓磷酸 15 0ml) 30ml,蒸发至冒硫酸烟 ,冷却 ,加水4 0ml,加热溶解盐类 ,冷却 ,移入 10 0ml容量瓶中 ,加水至刻度 ,摇匀。如溶液呈混浊 ,则用干滤纸过滤 ,弃去初始的滤液。(b)测定溶液的准备 :根据试样含钼量的高低从 (a)节的澄清滤液中分取部分试液 ,置于 …     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第五讲金属材料中钨的测定

2.1.2　GB 7731.1-1987 钨酸沉淀重量法测定钨铁中钨量适用范围:钨铁中钨的测定测定范围:钨量w(W)>65%方法提要:(1) 试样的溶解　称取通过 0.088 mm筛孔的试样1.000 0 g置于铂坩埚中,加入浓氢氟酸5 mL,滴加浓硝酸分解试样。加入硫酸(1+1) 15 mL,小心蒸发至冒浓三氧化硫白烟,冷却,加入浓盐酸10 mL及热水30 mL使可溶的盐类溶解。用紧密滤纸过滤,滤液接受于600 mL烧杯中,用盐酸(1+9)洗涤沉淀及滤纸。滴加适量氨水(1+1)将滤纸上的钨酸沉淀溶解,用 20 g·L-1 氯化铵溶液洗涤残渣及滤纸。以上的盐酸洗液、溶解钨酸的氨水及氯化铵洗液均与600 m…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第六讲金属材料中稀土元素的测定(续)

2.萃取分离-CPA-mA分光光度法测定稀土总量(摘自国家标准GB/T 223.49-1994)[适用范围]:碳钢、合金钢、高温合金及精密合金[测定范围]:w(∑RE)0.001%~0.20%[方法提要](1)试样溶解:按试样中总稀土的估计含量称取0.100 0~1.000 0 g试样,置于烧杯中,溶于适量的浓盐酸和浓硝酸的混合     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行 第六讲 金属材料中稀土元素的测定（续）

镍铬合金试样的溶解:称取试样0.1000g置于125 mL锥形瓶中,溶于王水3～5 mL中,加入浓高氯酸1～1.5 mL,蒸发至冒烟并呈重铬酸盐的砖红色,随即乘热滴加浓盐酸使铬(Ⅵ)以氯化铬酰(CrO2Cl2↑)形态挥发除去.     

还原预分离-硫代硫酸钠滴定法测定粗硒中硒

将粗硒中硒用还原法预分离后用硫代硫酸钠滴定法测定硒的含量。称取试样0.100 0g溶于硝酸中,加硫酸3mL,蒸发至刚冒白烟。加入盐酸(1+1)溶液100mL,酒石酸1~2g,加热溶解盐类,缓慢加入盐酸羟胺4~6g,于80~90℃下保温1.5~2h后,将还原为单质硒的沉淀滤出。在沉淀及滤纸中加盐酸10 mL及硝酸0.5 mL,并加热使硒单质溶解,加入水100mL,脲2g,煮沸3min,冷却至室温,以硫代硫酸钠标准滴定溶液为滴定剂,在碘化钾存在下,以淀粉溶液为指示剂滴定其硒的含量。取2件实样进行精密度试验,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)为0.22%,0.23%。另以2件实样为基体用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率分别为99.8%,100%。     

光度法快速测定锰铁中锰

锰铁中锰元素的测定一般都是选用磷酸-三价锰滴定法.用光度法测定锰铁中锰尚未见报道.本文采用在硫酸、磷酸介质中,用高碘酸钾将锰氧化成七价,用等滴光度法测量其吸光度.该方法使用试剂种类少,溶样氧化速度快,且操作简便快速.1 试验部分1.1 仪器72G型分光光度计(上海分析仪器厂)1.2 试验方法称取试样10mg于150ml三角瓶中,加磷酸5ml,加热溶解,稍冷,加入硫酸(1+20)80ml,高碘酸钾1g,继续加热煮沸4～5min,使锰显色完全.停止加热,流水冷至室温,移入100ml量瓶中,以水稀释至刻度,摇匀.     

Generation and detection of levuglandins and isolevuglandins in vitro and in vivo

Levuglandins (LGs) and isolevuglandins (isoLGs), formed by rearrangement of endoperoxide intermediates generated through the cyclooxygenase and free radical induced oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are extraordinarily reactive, forming covalent adducts incorporating protein lysyl ε-amino groups. Because they accumulate, these adducts provide a dosimeter of oxidative injury. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the generation of LG/isoLG in vitro and in vivo and the detection methods for the adducts of LG/isoLG and biological molecules in vivo.     

Enthalpies of solution of purine and adenine in water and in dimethylsulfoxide

Journal of Solution Chemistry - Enthalpies of solution of purine and adenine in water and in demethylsulfoxide were measured calorimetrically in the temperature range 25–40°C. ΔH s...     

Coassembly of Nanorods and Nanospheres in Suspensions and in Stratified Films

The entropically driven coassembly of nanorods (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs) and nanospheres (dye‐labeled spherical latex nanoparticles, NPs) was studied in aqueous suspensions and in solid films. In mixed CNC‐latex suspensions, phase separation into an isotropic latex‐NP‐rich and a chiral nematic CNC‐rich phase took place; the latter contained a significant amount of latex NPs. Drying the mixed suspension resulted in CNC‐latex films with planar disordered layers of latex NPs, which alternated with chiral nematic CNC‐rich regions. In addition, fluorescent latex NPs were embedded in the chiral nematic domains. The stratified morphology of the films, together with a random distribution of latex NPs in the anisotropic phase, led to the films having close‐to‐uniform fluorescence, birefringence, and circular dichroism properties.     

Determination of diazepam and nordazepam in milk and plasma in the presence of oxazepam and temazepam

For studies on the excretion of drugs into milk a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed to quantitate diazepam and nordazepam in the milk and plasma of humans and rabbits in the presence of their major metabolites, oxazepam and temazepam. Flurazepam was used as an internal standard. The assay involves extractions with diethyl ether and an additional acid clean-up step. Chromatographic separation was achieved by a LiChrospher 60 RP-select B (5 microns) column and KH2PO4- acetonitrile (69:31, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.80 as a mobile phase. The same extraction and chromatographic conditions were suited to both types of samples, milk and plasma. The limits of determination using ultraviolet detection at 241 nm was for diazepam 20 ng/ml and for nordazepam 15 ng/ml. The absolute recoveries of diazepam, nordazepam and flurazepam in human milk were 84, 86 and 92% and in human plasma 97, 89 and 94%, respectively. The within- and between-day accuracy and precision for diazepam and nordazepam in milk and plasma at all concentrations tested (20-1500 ng/ml) were better than 8%. The high fat content which occurs in rabbit milk presented no limitation for the extraction of lipophilic diazepam: the method was successfully used to monitor milk and plasma concentrations of diazepam and nordazepam in lactating New Zealand White rabbits during 26-h infusions of diazepam (1.4 mg/h).     

Comparison and correlation of in vitro, in vivo and in silico evaluations of alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrin complexes of curcumin

In the present study investigated the effect of curcumin (CUR) alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on its solubility and bioavailability. CUR the active principle of turmeric is a natural antioxidant agent with potent anti-inflammatory activity along with chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive properties. Poor solubility and poor oral bioavailability are the main reasons which preclude CUR use in therapy. Extent of complexation was β-CD complex (82 %) > γ-CD (71 %) > α-CD (65 %). Pulverization method resulted in significant enhancement of CUR (0.002 mg/ml) solubility with CUR α-CD complex (0.364 mg/ml) > CUR β-CD complex (0.186 mg/ml) > CUR γ-CD complex (0.068 mg/ml). Gibbs-free energy and in silico molecular docking studies favour formation of α-CD complex > β-CD complex > γ-CD complex. With reference to CUR, relative bioavailability of CUR α-CD, CUR β-CD and CUR γ-CD complexes were 460, 365 and 99 % respectively. CUR–CD complexes exhibited increased bioavailability with an increase in t_½, tmax, Cmax, AUC, Ka, and MRT; and a decrease in Ke, clearance and Vd values. AUC increase was CUR α-CD complex > CUR β-CD complex > CUR γ-CD complex. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between CUR α-CD complex and CUR γ-CD complex by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc test for multiple comparison analysis. Correlation observed between in vitro, in vivo and in silico methods indicates potential of in silico and in vitro methods in CD selection.     

Homo- and hetero-complexes of exchangeable apolipoproteins in solution and in lipid-bound form

The self-association state of human plasma apolipoprotein E (apoE) in solution and in complexes with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) varying in stoichiometry was studied in sub-micromolar concentration range by gel filtration, fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence quenching and energy transfer measurements with apolipoprotein labeled with lysine-specific fluorescent dyes. Together, these results confirm the equilibrium scheme for various apoE structures in solution: oligomer (in aged preparations) <==> 'closed' tetramer <==> 'open' tetramer ('molten globule' state) <==> native or partially denatured monomer <==> fully denatured monomer. Within DMPC:apoE discoidal complex (125:1) the apolipoprotein association state seems to be intermediate between that in solution and in larger vesicular complex (1000:1); for both complexes, the degree of exposure of fluorescein chromophores into water phase decreased. Hetero-associates of apoA-I and apoC-III-1 in solution and in the complexes with DMPC appear to behave similarly to apoE. When extrapolated to native HDL particles, 'molten globule' state seems to be a structure responsible for the interaction of exchangeable apolipoproteins with phospholipid. For a first time, the location of various apolipoprotein molecules on disc periphery was confirmed. The lysine residue(s) seems to locate closely to reacting residue(s) within apolipoprotein molecules in associates, however, with different package constraints for discoidal versus vesicular complexes with phospholipid.     

Structure of dimethoxyamine in the crystalline and gaseous phases and in solution

Conclusions It has been established by the methods of x-ray diffraction analysis and electron diffraction analysis and measurements of the dipole moments and the birefringence that in the crystalline and gaseous phases, as well as in solution, N,N-dimethoxyamine has a gauche-gauche conformation, which is stipulated by a stabilizing nO-N-O* orbital interaction. The geometric parameters of the molecule have been determined.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2235–2242, October, 1986.     

Fluorimetric quantification of clodronate and alendronate in aqueous samples and in serum

The bisphosphonates clodronate and alendronate are drugs in the therapy of osteoporosis or Paget's disease. They are highly hydrophilic and therefore of low oral bioavailability. Determination methods for bisphosphonates are often laborious and expensive equipment is needed. The presented quantification method based on kinetic measurement of the fluorescence decrease of an Al³⁺-morin complex can be used to determine the bisphosphonate content in aqueous and plasma samples. The intra- and inter-assay accuracies were found to be within 98.8% and 102.3% of the target samples for clodronate and within 97.2% and 105.0% of the target samples for alendronate. The LOQ was defined as 15.6 ng/ml for clodronate and 62.5 ng/ml for alendronate. In serum samples, intra- and inter-assay accuracy was found to be within 99.0% and 101.6% of the target samples for clodronate and within 97.8% and 102.6% of the target samples for alendronate. In serum samples, the LOQ was defined as 1.55 mg/ml for clodronate and 0.39 mg/ml for alendronate. Though less sensitive in serum, the presented method could support research on the development of drug delivery systems in vitro and in vivo for the investigated and other structurally related bisphosphonates.