近红外光谱法快速分析葛根中的有效成分

本文应用近红外光谱技术建立了快速检测葛根中有效成分的方法。研究了优化分析葛根总异黄酮、葛根素和大豆苷含量数学模型的各种条件，包括建模样品集的选择、化学值的定标、测量的方法及条件等，结果表明：建模样品集的化学值（又称真值）与近红外预测值的相关系数分别为：葛根总异黄酮r=0.975，葛根素r=0.984，大豆苷r=0.966；检验样品集的化学值与近红外预测值的相关系数分别为：0.982,0.975和0．981。说明所建模型具有实际应用价值。     

棉籽油分含量近红外无损检测分析模型与应用

棉花是一种重要的油料作物。建立快速、无损检测棉花种子含油量的方法,对于棉花油分育种工作中的材料鉴定、筛选具有重要意义。利用近红外光谱仪采集118份不同油分含量棉花种籽的近红外漫反射光谱,结合化学方法测定验证,建立了棉籽油分含量快速无损检测的近红外模型。光谱预处理方法采用一阶导数＋多元散射校正(MSC),光谱范围5 446～8 848 cm-1,主成分维数为5,以基本覆盖陆地棉棉籽含油量范围的106份试验材料为校正样品集,利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了棉籽仁油分含量近红外反射光谱(NIR)校正模型。校正模型决定系数R2=0.975,校正标准差SEC=0.67。用外部验证样品集进行外部验证,对所建模型的实际预测能力进行检验。结果表明,油分含量预测值与化学值相关系数r=0.978,预测结果误差范围0.1%～1.7%,建立的模型具有很好的预测性。利用建立的模型对784份育种材料进行了油分含量预测,结果显示,该模型应用可以加快棉花育种材料的油分鉴定。     

土壤金属元素近红外光谱定量校正模型适应性初步研究

为研究土壤金属元素近红外光谱定量校正模型适应性,采用近红外光谱结合偏最小二乘算法,针对风干土壤中的K,As,Hg,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd元素,在剔除异常值后,建立定量校正模型;并对风干、烘干处理的外部验证集样品分别预测上述元素含量。结果表明,风干外部验证集样品的预测值-参考值相关系数皆大于相应烘干外部验证集样品的预测值-参考值相关系数;风干外部验证集各元素的预测值-参考值均具有显著的相关关系,烘干外部验证集中K,Hg,Cr的预测值-参考值之间不具有显著的相关关系。对土壤金属元素近红外光谱定量校正模型的适应性进行了初步研究,可为土壤中金属元素快速定量监测方法以及农产品产地环境监测等提供一定的参考。     

近红外漫反射光谱法测定黄芩中总黄酮及黄芩苷的含量

文章建立了近红外漫反射光谱技术快速测定中药黄芩中主要活性成分黄芩苷和总黄酮含量的方法.对黄芩苷含量在12.24%～21.34%,总黄酮含量在16.08%～26.52%范围内的61个不同产地的黄芩,选择在8 000～4 000 cm-1范围内的近红外吸收光谱,采用偏最小二乘算法(PLS)比较不同光谱预处理方法建市的校正模型,结果表明一阶导数和最小最大归一化的数据预处理方法分别为黄芩苷和总黄酮最优预处理建模方法.黄芩苷校正集相关系数(r)为0.902 4,校正集标准偏差(SEC)为1.01,预测集标准偏差(SEP)为0.876 4;总黄酮校正集相关系数(r)为0.952 7,校正集标准偏差(SEC)为0.785,预测集标准偏差(SEP)为0.521 1,该方法快速简便,适合于黄芩中主要活性成分的快速分析.     

近红外光谱用于杉木木材强度分等的研究

利用近红外光谱技术对木材强度分等进行了研究.选择 1000～1400 nm波段,结合偏最小二乘法,在木材强度和近红外光谱数据间建立了校正模型,校正模型的相关系数(r)为0.89,校正标准误差(SEC)为6.30 MPa.利用校正模型对35个未知样品的强度进行预测,根据近红外预测值和实测值分别对木材样品进行分等,A级预测...     

近红外光谱法快速测定植物油中脂肪酸含量

应用近红外光谱技术建立了快速测定植物油中4种脂肪酸含量的方法。应用气相色谱法测定52个植物油样品中棕榈酸(C16：0)、硬脂酸(C18：0)、油酸(C18：1)和亚油酸(C18：2)的含量作为其化学值(真值)。建模集样品数为41,检验集样品数为11,通过对模型的优化,结果表明建模样品集脂肪酸的化学值(真值)与近红外预测值的相关系数r分别为：r(C16：0)=0.891,r(C18：0)=0.837,r(C18：1)=0.982,r(C18：2)=0.971。检验样品集脂肪酸的化学值与近红外预测值的相关系数分别为0.921,0.891,0.946和0.949。实验结果表明气相色谱法测得的植物油中四种脂肪酸含量与近红外预测值之间存在较好的线性关系。应用近红外光谱法测定植物油中主要脂肪酸的含量是可行的。该方法既快速、方便,又可进行同一样品的多组分分析,有很好的应用前景。     

不确定度评估在中药近红外定量分析中的应用

采集六一散混合过程中样品近红外光谱,建立甘草酸含量近红外(NIR)偏最小二乘(PLS)定量模型。结果校正集相关系数r_cal=0.998 5,RMSEC=0.044 0 mg·g-1,预测集r_val=0.947 4,RMSEP=0.124 mg·g-1,表明近红外光谱法可作为六一散混合过程中甘草酸含量的快速测定方法。在定量模型建立的基础上,设计验证试验,采用由Liao等提出的基于蒙特卡罗仿真的方法,估计β-容度-γ-置信容许区间,并计算NIR定量分析不确定度,绘制不确定度轮廓。结果表明甘草酸含量高于1.56 mg·g-1时,测量不确定度在可接受范围(λ=±20%)内,表明所建不确定度评估方法可有效评价不同浓度水平下的甘草酸含量NIR定量模型的准确性和可靠性,可为其他中药NIR定量分析方法的不确定度评估提供借鉴。     

短波近红外光谱法同时定量分析水溶液中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖

用通用紫外-可见分光光度计的短波近红外光谱区域(800～1 100 nm),测量了葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖混合水溶液的近红外光谱,并用偏最小二乘方法建立了同时定量分析水溶液中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的模型。用正交设计法配制了25个校正集样品和9个预测集样品,通过对校正集样品的建模和对预测集样品的检验,结果良好。对浓度范围分别在12.23～61.14 mg·mL-1,12.50～62.50 mg·mL-1,12.09～60.44 mg·mL-1的葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖水溶液,校正集的相对标准偏差分别为1.43%,4.51%和1.59%,预测集的相对标准偏差分别为3.40%,3.73%和2.80%。该方法对同时定量分析多组分体系,具有简便、快速价廉、易于推广应用等优点。     

六味地黄丸指纹图谱的近红外光谱分析方法的建立

建立了一种近红外光谱测定六味地黄丸指纹图谱的方法。应用毛细管电泳法建立六味地黄丸指纹图谱,计算其相似度,同时测定其近红外光谱,建立六味地黄丸指纹图谱相似度与近红外光谱之间的数学模型。通过对模型的优化,建模集样品的相关系数(r)、校正标准差和平均相对误差分别为0.9046,0.058和6.12%,表明六味地黄丸指纹图谱相似度实测值与预测值之间有较好的线性关系。研究结果表明以基于指纹图谱的近红外光谱法用于六味地黄丸的质量控制具有可行性。     

基于遗传算法的安溪铁观音品质快速评价研究

为探究一种快速无损的安溪铁观音品质评价方法,利用遗传算法(GA)对茶样的近红外光谱特征波长进行筛选,结合偏最小二乘(PLS),建立全谱段的PLS定量模型与GA-PLS模型。结果表明,傅里叶变换近红外(FT-NIR)全谱段光谱在经过平滑+二阶导数+归一化处理后,PLS模型预测性能最高,建模结果为：校正集相关系数R_C=0.921,校正集均方根误差RMSEC=0.543,验证集相关系数R_P=0.913,验证集均方根误差RMSEP=0.665。选用近红外光谱6 670～4 000 cm-1谱区,采用遗传算法进行特征波长筛选,参与建模数据点数从1 557缩减到408个。优选波段后,GA-PLS建模结果为：校正集相关系数R_C=0.959,校正集均方根误差RMSEC=0.413,验证集相关系数R_P=0.940,验证集均方根误差RMSEP=0.587。可见,GA-PLS模型的校正集和验证集的预测结果均优于全谱段PLS模型。结果说明,在传统的近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法的建模基础上,加入遗传算法进行波长筛选,能有效提高模型预测能力,实现方法学的创新研究,且GA-PLS品质评价模型具有较强的参考和推广价值,为提高我国茶叶品质的检测技术水平提供新的方法借鉴。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.