He(2^3S)与CH3I和CH3Br在流动余辉中传能的解离激发反应

本文利用流动余辉技术研究了亚稳态He(2^3S)与CH3I和CH3Br传能时分子的解离激发过程。实验中测定了产物的相对分布、CH(A, v'=0)的转动布居和主要碎片的形成速率常数。     

反常蓝移单电子锂键Y…Li-CH3[Y=CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, C(CH3)3]体系的结构与性质

在密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)及MP2/6-311++G(d,p)水平上研究了单电子锂键复合物Y…Li—CH3[Y=CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, C(CH3)3]的结构与性质. 结果表明, 三种单电子锂键复合物H3CH2C…Li—CH3(II), (H3C)2HC…Li—CH3(III)和(H3C)3C…Li—CH3(IV)单电子锂键强度依II(-26.7 kJ·mol-1)相似文献   

CH3S←→CH2SH异化反应的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和从头算(ab initio)研究了CH3SCH2SH互异化的反应机理.采用HF、 B3LYP、 MP2理论水平和中等基组6-31(d),计算了CH3S、 CH2SH及其过渡态的结构参数、谐振频率、零点能(ZPE)、总能量和相对能量,并利用B3LYP/6-31(d)的方法计算了反应的内禀反应坐标(IRC),给出了分子构型和自旋污染沿反应坐标的变化曲线,以及最小能量曲线(MEP)、绝热能量曲线.此外,利用传统过渡态理论(CTST)研究了该互异化反应的速率常数和平衡常数在200～1000 K的变化.     

CH3NO2异构化反应的理论研究

利用密度泛函和电子密度拓扑分析方法对CH3NO2 (NM)的异构化反应进行了研究。 找到了九种可能的异构体和八个反应通道。通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析确认了过渡态与异构体之间的连接关系。计算结果表明,在CH3NO2→CH3ONOt反应过程中,过渡态为紧密结构(在整个反应过程中CH3NO2没有分解为CH3 和NO2 ),与Arenass等人的结论一致。在CH3NOOc→CH2NOOH反应过程中,存在有一个含有四元环→五元环→四元环→五元环变化过程的结构过渡区,这也是在反应过程中首次发现五元环状过渡结构。     

丙酮光解反应CH3COCH3hv→2CH3+CO产物CO振动态分布的理论研究

用从头算方法,在UHF/6-311G**水平上,对丙酮光解反应进行了研究,结果表明:基态丙酮(S0)不易发生解离;在光照下丙酮电子产生n→Π*跃迁,丙酮在激发态(T1)下易发生解离,即CH3COCH3(T1)→hvCH3+CH3CO(R1),乙酰基可以进一步发生热解反应,即:CH3CO→CH3+CO(R2). 对R2进一步获得了该反应的动态学信息(ωK,BKF,V0(S)),并据此计算了产物CO的振动态分布,获得了和实验值相一致的结果.     

CH3S与CO反应机理的理论研究

在G3(MP2)//B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p)水平上,对CH3S自由基与CO气相反应的微观机理进行了理论研究.结果表明:该反应共存在3个反应通道,产物分别为CH3 OCS,CH2S HCO和CH2S HOC.由于形成产物CH3 OCS的活化势垒较低,因此为主要反应通道,这与实验观察到的结果是一致的.     

CH3O与ClO双自由基反应机理的量子化学研究

在QCISD(T)／6—311 G(d,p)／／B3LYP／6．311 G(3df,3pd)水平上,对CH3O与CIO自由基反应进行了理论研究．结果表明,该反应共有三个反应通道,产物分别为HOCI CH2O,CH2O HCl和CH3CI O2(1△)．不论从动力学角度,还是从热力学角度看,形成产物HOCl CH2O的通道均是最有利的,因此为主要反应通道,这与实验观察到的结果是一致的．     

243～263nm CH3COCH3 的多光子电离研究

在243～263 nm紫外光波段通过质量选择光电离激发谱研究了丙酮（CH3COCH3）的光化学反应通道。分析母体离子CH3COCH3+和碎片离子CH3CO+ 、 CH3+的光电离激发谱和质谱峰宽可以知道: 此光波段丙酮分子的光化学反应主要包括了丙酮分子经由(S1,T1)中间态产生母体离子的（1+1）双光子电离通道,母体离子进一步解离产生碎片离子CH3+的“光电离-光解离”通道和丙酮分子经由(S1,T1)中间态解离成中性自由基碎片CH3CO后再进一步被双光子电离的“光解离-光电离”通道。由母体离子光电离激发谱双光子阈值波长（255.67 nm）给出的丙酮电离势（IP）为（9.696±0.004）eV。     

甲烷-空气-H2O模拟光化学反应体系中CH3OO

在1.013×105 Pa,(298±2)K及O2-N2气氛下,研究了羟基自由基*OH引发的甲烷光化学反应体系中过氧甲基自由基CH3OO*自身复合反应.反应物和产物采用长光路Fourier红外光谱(LP-FTIR)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定.证实产物中有甲基过氧化氢(CH3OOH,MHP)和过氧甲醚(CH3OOCH3,DMP)存在并首次在该体系中发现了羟甲基过氧化氢(HOCH2OOH,HMHP).HMHP的检出表明,CH3OO*自身复合的可能途径之一生成了Criegee中间体过氧次甲基双自由基*CH2OO*.采用G2,G2(MP2)和G2(ful)方法对一些反应的标准焓变和标准Gibbs自由能变化进行了理论计算.结果表明CH3OO*自身复合生成*CH2OO*及*CH2OO*与H2O反应生成HMHP的途径在热力学上是可能的.     

第一过渡系金属离子和CH,CH2,CH3配合物的从头算研究

利用从头算方法 ,以赝势基组 (LANL2DZ)研究了第一过渡系金属离子M (Sc 到Zn )和CH ,CH2 ,CH3 的配合物的构型和成键特征 .MCH 和MCH 2 分别为线型和共平面构型 ,并带有明显的叁键或双键特征 ,但这些多重键多是“不完整”的 .计算所得的CM ,CM ,CM 键解离能 ,多数与实验值接近 ,且从Sc到Zn均表现出类似的周期性变化趋势     

加成产物HC60[CH2C(CH3)=CH2]的电子结构和UV谱

用INDO方法研究C60与2-甲基烯丙基氯化镁的加成产物HC60[CH2C(CH3)=CH2]的两种异构体的结构和UV谱, 表明1,2-加成产物具有Cs对称性, 1,4-加成产物具有C1对称性, 且前者比后者总能量低, 因而更易于形成。产物中2-甲基烯丙基与C60之间靠极性共价键连接, 并发生前者向后者的电子转移。以此优化构型为基础, 计算两种产物异构体的UV谱, 与实验值一致。同时对电子跃迁进行理论指认, 讨论了产物UV谱带红移的原因。     

Collision-energy-resolved Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of bromomethanes (CH3Br, CH2Br2, and CHBr3) by collision with He*(2(3)S) metastable atoms

Ionization of bromomethanes (CH3Br, CH2Br2, and CHBr3) upon collision with metastable He*(2(3)S) atoms has been studied by means of collision-energy-resolved Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. Lone-pair (nBr) orbitals of Br4p characters have larger ionization cross sections than sigma(C-Br) orbitals. The collision-energy dependence of the partial ionization cross sections shows that the interaction potential between the molecule and the He*(2(3)S) atom is highly anisotropic around CH3Br or CH2Br2, while isotropic attractive interactions are found for CHBr3. Bands observed at electron energies of approximately 2 eV in the He*(2(3)S) Penning ionization electron spectra (PIES) of CH2Br2 and CHBr3 have no counterpart in ultraviolet (He I) photoionization spectra and theoretical (third-order algebraic diagrammatic construction) one-electron and shake-up ionization spectra. Energy analysis of the processes involved demonstrates that these bands and further bands overlapping with sigma(C-Br) or piCH2 levels are related to autoionization of dissociating (He+ - Br-) pairs. Similarly, a band at an electron energy of approximately 1 eV in the He*(2(3)S) PIES spectra of CH3Br has been ascribed to autoionizing Br** atoms released by dissociation of (unidentified) excited states of the target molecule. A further autoionization (S) band can be discerned at approximately 1 eV below the lone-pair nBr bands in the He*(2(3)S) PIES spectrum of CHBr3. This band has been ascribed to the decay of autoionizing Rydberg states of the target molecule (M**) into vibrationally excited states of the molecular ion. It was found that for this transition, the interaction potential that prevails in the entrance channel is merely attractive.     

用分子束研究.F(^2P)与CH3F和CH3Cl的化学反应

近年来, 我们在研究含氟烯烃和烷烃的红外激光诱导氧化和氯化反应的基础上, 深入研究了红外激光诱导卤代烷烃的脱卤化氢并生成: CF2卡宾和:CFCF3卡宾的反应[1-4]以往的研究往往是根据反应产物推论反应机理, 认为在反应过程中存在着卡宾中间体,但在实验中未能直接检测到. Kakimoto[5,6]曾报道过在流动体系中测到了.F+CH3F和.F+CH3Cl反应中:CHF和:CHCl的激光荧光激发谱, 但没有讨论卡宾形成的机理.Hirota[7]在讨论.F+CH3F反应时, 认为:CHF可能由攫氢过程产生而对于.F+CH3Cl反应同时生成:CHF和:CHCl未做说明. 本实验中用扩散分子束代替了流动反应体系, 从而大大减少了产物和反应物气体分子间的猝灭过程, 获得了信噪比大而清晰的图谱, 由此确证了:CHF和:CHCl的存在, 说明了.F+CH3Cl反应中自由基攫氢过程和偶合反应过程共存的反应历程. 这一结论对红外激光诱导一碳卤代宾化学反应机理研究有重要参考意义.     

单分子分解成两个自由基反应的半经典统计方法I. 关于CH4分解成CH3.和H.自由基的研究

本文计算了温度范围在300-1500K, CH4→CH3.+H.的分角反应中, 过渡态CH3...H的平均键长、频率因子、活化能及反应速率常数, 计算结果和实验结果符合得很好。     

过渡金属离子与烷烃反应机理的理论研究: 镍离子与丙烷反应 中甲烷的还原消 除机理

用量子化学方法在B3LYP/6-311++g(3df,3pd)水平上研究了Ni^+与C3H8的反应,获得了[Ni,C3,H8]^+基态(双重态)势能面上CH4还原消除的详细机理。结果表明：该势能面上CH4消除反应经历两个基元步骤：Ni^+首先通过C—C活化过渡态形成插入型中间体,然后分别过不同的H-转移鞍点异构化为产物型中间体,并继而解离生成CH4,这些结果与以前从实验推测的反应机理明显不同。计算表明：对于该势面能上的甲烷消除反应,能量最有利的反应通道是Ni^+C3H8→Ni(C2H4)^++CH4,计算的反应热为127.85kJ/mol,与实验结果(106.13kJ/mol)符合较好。     

Ab initio study of the spectroscopy of CH3N and CH3CH2N

Complete active space (CAS) calculations with 6-311++g(3df,3pd) basis sets were performed for a large number of electronic states of the nitrate free radical (CH3N/CH3CH2N) and their positive and negative ions. All calculated states are valence states, and their characters are discussed in detail. To investigate the Jahn-Teller effect on the CH3N radical, Cs symmetry was used for both CH3N and CH3CH2N in calculations. The results (CASPT2 adiabatic excitation energies and CASSI oscillator strengths) suggest that the calculated transitions of CH3N at 32172 and 32139 cm(-1) are attributed to the 2(3)A' ' --> 1(3)A' ' and 1(3)A' --> 1(3)A' ', respectively, which is in accordance with the A3E --> X3A2 emission spectrum at T0 = 31 817 cm(-1). The calculated transitions of CH3CH2N at 334 nm are attributed to the 1(3)A' ' --> 2(3)A' ' and 1(3)A' ' --> 1(3)A', respectively, which is in accordance with the UV absorption spectrum of a series of 11 bands beginning at 335 nm. The vertical and adiabatic ionization energies were obtained to compare with the PES data. These results are in agreement with previous experimental data, which is discussed in detail.     

氟原子与溴代甲烷反应化学发光研究

用光子计数技术系统地探测了F(^2P)原子与溴代甲烷等(CH~3Br、CH~2Br~2和CHBr~3)反应在各种压力下的可见区(300～900nm)化学发光,得到HF电子基态振动泛频跃迁及 Br~2(B)、BrF(B)、CHF(A)、CH(A) 等分子电子激发态跃迁的发射谱.求出HF(υ=3)转动温度为480K,计算机模拟光谱获得了Br~2(B)的振动布居.对比F与氯代甲烷反应的机理分析表明,初级反应主要是F提取形成HF,多级反应产生了电子激发态的产物分子.     

Secondary kinetics of methanol decomposition: theoretical rate coefficients for 3CH2 + OH, 3CH2 + 3CH2, and 3CH2 + CH3

Direct variable reaction coordinate transition state theory (VRC-TST) rate coefficients are reported for the (3)CH(2) + OH, (3)CH(2) + (3)CH(2), and (3)CH(2) + CH(3) barrierless association reactions. The predicted rate coefficient for the (3)CH(2) + OH reaction (approximately 1.2 x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for 300-2500 K) is 4-5 times larger than previous estimates, indicating that this reaction may be an important sink for OH in many combustion systems. The predicted rate coefficients for the (3)CH(2) + CH(3) and (3)CH(2) + (3)CH(2) reactions are found to be in good agreement with the range of available experimental measurements. Product branching in the self-reaction of methylene is discussed, and the C(2)H(2) + 2H and C(2)H(2) + H2 products are predicted in a ratio of 4:1. The effect of the present set of rate coefficients on modeling the secondary kinetics of methanol decomposition is briefly considered. Finally, the present set of rate coefficients, along with previous VRC-TST determinations of the rate coefficients for the self-reactions of CH(3) and OH and for the CH(3) + OH reaction, are used to test the geometric mean rule for the CH(3), (3)CH(2), and OH fragments. The geometric mean rule is found to predict the cross-combination rate coefficients for the (3)CH(2) + OH and (3)CH(2) + CH(3) reactions to better than 20%, with a larger (up to 50%) error for the CH(3) + OH reaction.     

亚稳态He(23S)、Ar(3P0.2)原子与C2H3分子传能反应

自由基CN、CH、H在燃烧化学、大气化学、天体发光、环境污染等方面占有极为重要的地位，对于这些自由基发光及形成动力学机理的探讨，无疑是重要的．近年来，人们利用亚稳态惰性原子与膨化物碰撞传能，探讨了CN（AB－＋X）的化学发光［‘一、发现亚稳态的Ar（‘几，。）原子与H     

Synthesis and Characterization of （CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3）2SnBr6

1 INTRODUCTION Recently, the researches on inorganic-organic hy-brid compounds represent an advanced field in mate-rial science[1]. At the molecular level, the combina-tion of two extremely different components providesan avenue to design new hybrid materials as well asthe ability to modulate properties of one or more ofthe components[2～6]. Some attractive properties, suchas efficient luminescence[2～4], ideal thermal and me-chanical stability, interesting magnetic[5], non-linearoptical[…