任意周期性物体的扩展Lau效应:基于部分相干传递函数的分析

本文基于自由空间的部分相干传递函数对效应提出了新的解释模型,给出了描述Lau条纹强度分布的普遍公式,它适用于任意周期性的振幅或位相型物体,对于几种典型周期性物体分析了Lau条纹产生的条件及输出强度.给出了不同周期的矩形光栅产生Lau效应的实验结果.     

衍射相关和Lau干涉

本文用离轴傅里叶变换系统的模型和菲涅耳衍射理论分析了衍射受限下的离焦相关器的系统特性,证明是第一模板和第二模板衍射像之间的强度相关积分。推导了衍射相关器作为测量相位物体的干涉仪的一般理论,这时要求编码板函数能衍射自成像并且相关函数为周期性函数。讨论了平行光栅作为编码板时的干涉仪的横向剪切干涉特性,给出了实验结果。本文还证明了衍射相关器是推广到任何平面物体在任何观察距离上的Lau效应装置。衍射相关干涉仪产生Lau干涉条纹,并且是直接应用Lau效应的干涉仪。 关键词：     

脉冲响应函数与平面周期物体构成任意光学系统的成象特性研究——理论与实验

本文首先用线性系统中脉冲响应函数的概念分析了光学系统中平面周期物体的广义Talbot效应,利用我们以前导得的Talbot和Lau成象条件,导出了广义Talbot成象条件,得到十分简洁的系统脉冲响应表示式,然后利用光学系统的线性叠加和相关原理研究了任意光学系统中Talbot效应、Lau效应和多重成象现象及其相互关系,最后讨论了任意光学系统中三者之间的关系,并进行了实验证明。所用方法简单明了。     

光栅成像与Lau效应

本文推导了两个光栅干涉仪的光强分布。分析了光栅周期与狭缝宽度比值对Lau条纹的影响。指出有β>p/(2a)的清晰的Lau条纹存在,并在数值计算与实验上加以证实。 关键词：     

光栅衍射像的反差,位相和周期的分析

本文从理论上导出了相干光照明了菲涅耳衍射场中离开泰伯自成像平面时光栅像的反差、位相和周期的变化。得到了球面波和平面波照明下,光栅的傅里叶像生成的条件,从而定量地说明了泰伯效应与Lau效应的某种一致性。理论结果被实验验证。     

基于衍射追迹的集成成像重构算法

衍射受限集成成像光线追迹算法所重构的深度平面是物体深度的重聚焦图像,重构图像像质模糊,不利于物体的三维重构。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于衍射追迹的深度平面重构算法,由菲涅耳衍射公式计算物空间点源传播至成像系统各平面的光场分布,最终求得每个采样点在传感器上的光强脉冲响应,通过反解与光强脉冲响应相关的线性方程组,实现物体深度平面的图像重构。仿真结果表明,采用该方法实现的重构图像是物体的深度平面切片,而且图像像质接近于原始图像,有利于物体的三维重建。     

平面物体的Lau效应理论

本文提出了任何平面物体的扩展Lau效应的新概念,相应提出了离轴光学博里叶变换系统的新的解释模型,导出了产生Lau效应的必要事件,也完整分析了光栅Lau效应,其中扩展了光栅的Frsenel成像条件.     

Lau位相干涉仪

1948年,Ernst Lau描述了一个衍射实验.这个实验是由两个串联的粗糙光栅,相距几个厘米,用白色扩展光源照明,在无穷远处可观察到着色的条纹.基于Lau效应的干涉量度,已由Bartelt和Jahns对简单位相物体(着重于有折射率梯度的位相物体)进行了分析. Lau效应的实验装置如图1所示.扩展非相干单色光源经透镜L1成象在第一个光栅G1上,光栅Gl可作为自照明物.首先,假设有两个完全相同的Ronchi光栅,周期为P,具有很窄的狭缝.光栅Gl的一个狭缝S可作为线光源,它发出柱面波,到达光栅G2的缝P0,P1,…,这时产生的次级光源之间的程差SP0,SP1,…是λ的整数…     

基于Lau效应测量光波长的讨论

利用双光栅Lau效应测量光波长的原理,提出了筛选有效数据的方法,并详细讨论了通过测量两光栅间距和Lau条纹周期分别计算波长的可行性问题.通过综合考虑对实验可能产生影响的各种因素,认为利用两光栅间距计算波长虽然标准差较大,但相对偏差小,结果更接近真实值,是一种可行的方法;但利用Lau条纹周期计算的波长看似标准差小,但与真实值的相对偏差较大,从统计和实验的观点来说该方法是不可行的,只能作为一种参考方法.     

菲涅耳波带板无运动卷积全息术

提出了菲涅耳波带板(FZP)无运动卷积全息术.该技术使用均匀扩展光源,使得从光源不同位置发出的光在经过FZP编码孔径之后,在物体上形成多个菲涅耳波带板投影叠加.物体的全息图是FZP投影光强分布函数与物体的光强分布函数的卷积,无需机械运动便得到物体的扫描全息图.采用数字相关解码方法实现全息图的再现.用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了菲涅耳波带板入射光束在经过散射介质以后,其出射光强分布随散射介质厚度的变化规律.结果表明:当散射介质厚度为5 cm时,出射光束依然基本保持菲涅耳波带板形式的光强分布.对嵌埋在浓度为1%的Intralipid散射溶液中直径为0.4mm的金属丝进行成像实验,分别得到当散射介质厚度为1cm、3cm和5cm时的再现像,实验验证了菲涅耳波带板无运动卷积全息术用于高散射介质中物体成像的可行性.     

Lau phase interferometry with a vibrating object

In this paper, we have demonstrated experimentally the vibration analysis of a reflecting object in a time-averaged mode using Lau phase interferometry. Experimental results provide information about the tilt at every point of a vibrating plate. The Lau phase interferometry is robust and simple. Experimental results are compared with conventional shadow-moiré method.     

Surface profiling using fringe projection technique based on Lau effect

In this paper, the surface profile of objects is determined by using a grating projection system. The method is based on the concept of self-imaging, namely, the Lau effect. Periodic fringe patterns are generated from the projection of a grating illuminated by multiple mutually incoherent quasi-plane wavefront. The fringe patterns are then projected on to the object surface and the deformed grating image is captured by a CCD camera for subsequent analysis. Phase shifting techniques have been employed to determine the phase value. With suitable calibration of the system and the phase value obtained, the surface profile of the objects can be determined. The phase variation is achieved by using a linear translation stage incorporated to the grating. In this study, two specimens are tested to demonstrate the validity of the method. One is a spherical cap with a height of 4 mm, and the other is a coin. The experimental results are compared with results obtained by mechanical stylus method. In the case of the spherical cap the results are also compared with fringe projection method based on Talbot effect.     

Measurement of temperature and temperature profile of an axisymmetric gaseous flames using Lau phase interferometer with linear gratings

In this paper we have investigated the utility of Lau phase interferometer with linear gratings and white light source to measure temperature and temperature profile of an axisymmetric flame. The temperature measured using Lau phase interferometer is in good agreement with the temperature measured with thermocouple and datalogger. Details of theoretical analysis and experimental investigation are presented.     

Application of source encoding to incoherent Talbot imaging and the Lau effect

We demonstrate a technique to generate Talbot images by a spatially incoherent source using a source encoding technique. We further show that a Talbot image can be formed in the optical set-up for the Lau effect following source encoding theory.     

Interferometry based on Lau effect with a grating registered in a photorefractive crystal

The use of a grating in the form of modulation of birefringence in a BSO crystal in a novel Lau interferometer set-up is proposed. The system behaves as a conventional Lau interferometer implemented by using two amplitude gratings. Moreover, it permits control of the visibility and provides a contrast inversion of the interferometric fringes by rotating a polarizer. Two alternative experimental arrangements with similar performance are presented. A theoretical approach is outlined and the predicted behavior is confirmed by results obtained under different experimental conditions.     

Analysis of Lau interferometric fringe for measurement of focal length by using wavelet filtering techniques

New filtering scheme is investigated and implemented on Lau interferometric fringes to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the Lau interferograms. Towards this, the applicability of Haar, Daubechies and Symlet wavelet based filtering schemes have been tested. Of these schemes, the Symlet based filtering scheme gives the best results in terms of improved signal to noise ratio and speckle index. This scheme is then used to analyse Lau interferograms recorded in the experimental arrangement for focal length measurement. The processed interferograms yield improved accuracy and precision of measurement.     

Application of wavelet filtering techniques to Lau interferometric fringe analysis for measurement of small tilt angles

This communication presents the results of investigation undertaken towards testing the viability of wavelet filtering techniques in analyzing the Lau interferometric fringes. Towards this, the applicability of Haar, Daubechies and Symlet wavelet based filtering schemes have been tested. Of these schemes, the Symlet based filtering scheme gives the best results in terms of improved signal to noise ratio. This scheme is then used to analyze Lau interferograms recorded in the experimental arrangement for tilt angle measurement. The processed interferograms yield improved accuracy and precision of measurement.