海藻酸钠水凝胶的制备及其在药物释放中的应用

近年来,由于智能水凝胶在药物的控制释放、基因传送、组织工程等领域的应用前景诱人,研究者对智能水凝胶的研究十分活跃。合成类水凝胶常用的单体有丙烯酸及其衍生物、丙烯酰胺及其衍生物等,合成水凝胶具有较好的稳定性,但其生物降解性和生物相容性较差。天然类水凝胶的原料主要有壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、纤维素、淀粉等。由于这些天然多糖具有较好的生物相容性和生物降解性,同时价廉易得,因此,天然类水凝胶在药物控制释放领域更具有优势。海藻酸钠是β-D-甘露糖醛酸(β-D-mannuronic,M)和α-L-古洛糖醛酸(α-L-guluronic,G)按照(1→4)糖苷键连接而成的线型聚合物,每个糖醛酸单元上含有一个羧基,因此,海藻酸钠在中性或碱性条件下呈现聚阴离子电解质的性质。本文综述了海藻酸钠水凝胶的制备方法,包括物理交联法、化学交联法、酶交联法、互穿聚合物网络等;概述了海藻酸钠水凝胶在药物释放中的应用,包括口服给药、皮下给药、黏膜给药、肺部给药、经皮给药等;最后讨论了海藻酸钠水凝胶在研究与应用中存在的问题。     

生物可降解高分子交联剂的研究进展

交联剂是制备水凝胶不可或缺的成分,其组成和结构影响了水凝胶的性能及应用.生物可降解性和生物相容性是作为组织工程支架、药物载体等生物医用材料所必需具备的性能.利用生物可降解性物质作为交联剂来制备化学凝胶,赋予了水凝胶上述性能,满足其作为生物医用材料的要求,拓宽水凝胶应用领域.本文主要总结了近年来多糖类(壳聚糖类、海藻酸类...     

生物黏合水凝胶研究进展

近年来,水凝胶在组织工程支架、伤口敷料和药物递送系统等生物医学领域得到广泛应用。其中,生物黏合水凝胶因具有良好的黏合强度和优异的生物相容性,并且可以替代传统的手术缝合用于止血及伤口处理而备受关注。本文在已有工作的基础上系统地概述了生物黏合水凝胶的制备方法,并详细地讨论了各种水凝胶的黏合机理。此外,总结了生物黏合水凝胶在生物医学中的应用,并展望了性能优异的生物黏合水凝胶的开发思路。     

海藻酸盐复合凝胶吸附材料的合成及其在水处理中的应用

海藻酸钠是一种天然多糖,因其成凝胶条件及工艺简单,并具有生物安全性和生物相容性等特点,受到广泛关注。通过和其他物质复合,可进一步改善和丰富海藻酸钠凝胶的性能,拓宽其在水处理中应用前景。本文主要综述了海藻酸盐复合凝胶发展现状及其结构特点、理化性质和吸附特性,总结和归纳了海藻酸盐复合凝胶的分类和制备方法等,并深入对比和分析了海藻酸盐复合凝胶作为吸附剂在水处理中的研究进展和存在的问题,并对其后续研究和应用进行展望。     

基于功能化聚磷酸酯嵌段共聚物的微凝胶和水凝胶的制备与表征

首先利用聚乙二醇单甲醚(MePEG)作为引发剂前体,对含有炔基的环状磷酸酯单体2-炔丁基-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷(BYP)进行开环聚合,制备两嵌段共聚物MePEG-b-PBYP.随后,采用巯基-炔(Thiol-yne)点击化学反应对PBYP的炔基进行修饰,分别获得侧链含氨基(—NH2)、羧基(—COOH)和磺酸钠(—SO3Na)的聚磷酸酯嵌段共聚物,在水相中形成聚电解质.通过NMR和GPC对产物的结构和组成进行表征.MTT测试表明,两嵌段共聚物具有较好的生物相容性.进一步将带有不同电荷的聚电解质溶液混合,利用静电作用制备微凝胶.通过DLS、TEM及SEM等测试对聚合物的溶液行为及微凝胶的形貌进行表征.为增强凝胶体系的物理交联作用,将α-环糊精(α-CD)引入体系,诱导形成水凝胶.利用SEM对水凝胶的形貌进行表征,XRD分析水凝胶的包结络合作用,并利用流变仪测试水凝胶的凝胶化时间.该水凝胶以其良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性和一定的机械强度等性能,有望作为可注射型凝胶材料,在药物控释和组织工程等领域具有潜在的应用.     

部分氧化海藻酸钠的制备与性能

部分氧化海藻酸钠的制备与性能;海藻酸钠;氧化;降解;水凝胶     

基于聚肽和海藻酸钠自交联水凝胶的制备与表征

首先以正己胺为引发剂,引发肌氨酸-N-羧酸内酸酐(Sar-NCA)和谷氨酸苄酯-N-内酸酐(BLG-NCA)进行开环聚合制备共聚物,该共聚物经水合肼改性得到无规共聚物聚肌氨酸-co-聚谷氨酸酰肼(PSar-co-PGH);然后用高碘酸钠氧化海藻酸钠制备了氧化海藻酸钠(ALG-CHO);最后将不同浓度的PSar-co-PGH溶液和ALG-CHO溶液进行物理混合,制备了水凝胶。聚合物结构分别采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1 H-NMR)进行表征;采用扫描电镜、红外光谱和旋转流变仪分别对其凝胶机理和力学性能进行表征。探讨了pH对水凝胶形成的影响。结果表明:成功制备了基于PSar-co-PGH/ALG-CHO的pH响应性水凝胶,水凝胶的储能模量随着PSarco-PGH浓度的增大而增大。     

基于电沉积法制备海藻酸钙水凝胶的研究进展

海藻酸钙水凝胶具有高度的吸水性、生物相容性和可降解性,在组织工程领域有着十分广泛的应用。海藻酸钠溶液与钙离子的直接反应是目前制备海藻酸钙水凝胶最常用的方法。然而,该方法中的钙离子在溶液中是自由扩散的,不能控制凝胶的结构,限制了海藻酸钙水凝胶的应用。因此,如何制作特定结构的海藻酸钙水凝胶,近年来成为了研究者的研究热点。基于电沉积法制备海藻酸钙水凝胶,可以控制钙离子析出的数量和位置,能够得到任意结构的海藻酸钙水凝胶。本文综述了电沉积法制作海藻酸钙水凝胶的原理,讨论影响电沉积法成胶的因素,对电沉积法的应用与发展进行概述和展望。     

pH敏感水凝胶聚甲基丙烯酸的超声合成

在超声作用下,以甲基丙烯酸为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,自由基引发聚合制备了pH敏感水凝胶聚甲基丙烯酸,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对水凝胶分子结构与性能进行表征.在此基础上,重点研究了超声合成对于水凝胶的溶胀性能、消溶胀性能等性质的影响.实验结果表明,超声作用下合成的聚甲基丙烯酸水凝胶溶胀动力学性能以及响应灵敏性均优于常规合成方法.     

γ-聚谷氨酸水凝胶的性质、制备及其应用

系统介绍了γ-聚谷氨酸水凝胶的制备方法及其生物可降解性、高吸水性及保湿性、pH敏感性、生物相容性和可修饰性等性能,同时综合介绍了其在组织工程、药物控释和创面修复等方面的应用,结合本研究组工作对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

Alginate/Polyoxyethylene and Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogels: Preparation,Characterization, and Application in Tissue Engineering

Hydrogels are attractive biomaterials for three-dimensional cell culture and tissue engineering applications. The preparation of hydrogels using alginate and gelatin provides cross-linked hydrophilic polymers that can swell but do not dissolve in water. In this work, we first reinforced pure alginate by using polyoxyethylene as a supporting material. In an alginate/PEO sample that contains 20 % polyoxyethylene, we obtained a stable hydrogel for cell culture experiments. We also prepared a stable alginate/gelatin hydrogel by cross-linking a periodate-oxidized alginate with another functional component such as gelatin. The hydrogels were found to have a high fluid uptake. In this work, preparation, characterization, swelling, and surface properties of these scaffold materials were described. Lyophilized scaffolds obtained from hydrogels were used for cell viability experiments, and the results were presented in detail.     

Hydrogel microspheres: influence of chemical composition on surface morphology, local elastic properties, and bulk mechanical characteristics

Hydrogel microspheres, beads, and capsules of uniform size, differing in their chemical composition, have been prepared by electrostatic complex formation of sodium alginate with divalent cations and polycations. These have served as model spheres to study the influence of the chemical composition on both surface characteristics and bulk mechanical properties. Resistance to compression experiments yielding the compression work clearly identified differences as a function of the composition, with forces at maximal compression in the range of 34-455 mN. The suitability and informative value of atomic force microscopy have been confirmed for the case where surface characterization is performed in a liquid environment equivalent to physiological conditions. Surface imaging and mechanical response to indentation revealed different average surface roughness and Young's moduli for all hydrogel types ranging from 0.9 to 14.4 nm and from 0.4 to 440 kPa, respectively. The hydrogels exhibited pure elastic behavior. Despite a relatively high standard deviation, resulting from both surface and batch heterogeneity, nonoverlapping ranges of Young's moduli were reproducibly identified for the selected model spheres. The findings indicate the reliability of contact mode atomic force microscopy to quantify local surface properties, which may have an impact on the biocompatibility of alginate-based hydrogel materials of different composition and conditions of preparation. Moreover, it seems that local elastic properties and bulk mechanical characteristics are subject to analogous composition influences.     

On-demand preparation of quantum dot-encoded microparticles using a droplet microfluidic system

Optical barcoding technology based on quantum dot (QD)-encoded microparticles has attracted increasing attention in high-throughput multiplexed biological assays, which is realized by embedding different-sized QDs into polymeric matrixes at precisely controlled ratios. Considering the advantage of droplet-based microfluidics, producing monodisperse particles with precise control over the size, shape and composition, we present a proof-of-concept approach for on-demand preparation of QD-encoded microparticles based on this versatile new strategy. Combining a flow-focusing microchannel with a double T-junction in a microfluidic chip, biocompatible QD-doped microparticles were constructed by shearing sodium alginate solution into microdroplets and on-chip gelating these droplets into a hydrogel matrix to encapsulate CdSe/ZnS QDs. Size-controllable QD-doped hydrogel microparticles were produced under the optimum flow conditions, and their fluorescent properties were investigated. A novel multiplex optical encoding strategy was realized by loading different sized QDs into a single droplet (and thus a hydrogel microparticle) with different concentrations, which was triggered by tuning the flow rates of the sodium alginate solutions entrapped with different-colored QDs. A series of QD-encoded microparticles were controllably, and continuously, produced in a single step with the present approach. Their application in a model immunoassay demonstrated the potential practicability of QD-encoded hydrogel microparticles in multiplexed biomolecular detection. This simple and robust strategy should be further improved and practically used in making barcode microparticles with various polymer matrixes.     

Preparation and characterization of wool fiber reinforced nonwoven alginate hydrogel for wound dressing

Wound healing is a complex process which requires an appropriate environment for quick healing. Recently, biodegradable hydrogel-based wound dressings have been seen to have high potential owing to their biodegradability and hydrated molecular structure. In this work, a novel biodegradable composite of sodium alginate hydrogel with wool needle-punched nonwoven fabric was produced for wound dressing by sol–gel technique. The wool nonwoven was dipped in the sodium alginate-water solution and then soaked in calcium chloride solution which resulted in hydrogel formation. FTIR analysis and SEM images confirm the presence of alginate hydrogel inside the needle-punched wool nonwoven fabric. The wound exudate absorbing capacity of hydrogel based wool nonwoven was increased 30 times as compared to pure wool nonwoven. Moreover, the tensile strength and moisture management properties of hydrogel based nonwoven were also enhanced. The unique combination of alginate hydrogel with biocompatible wool nonwoven fabric provides moist environment and can help in cell proliferation during wound healing process.

     

Fracture Behavior of Two Highly Stretchable Double Network Hydrogels

The static and dynamic mechanical behavior of two double network (DN) hydrogels, alginate/polyacrylamide (PAAm) hybrid hydrogel and sodium poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) PNaAMPS/PAAm, is presented to understand the role played by different cross-linked networks on fracture and recovery properties. Although with a smaller modulus, alginate/PAAm hybrid hydrogel had a much higher stretchability, whether with or without notches, in the tensile tests. Continuous step strain measurement by using a strain-controlled parallel-plate rheometer showed that alginate/PAAm can immediately recover its mechanical properties after breakdown, while PNaAMPS/PAAm didn't show mechanical recovery at all.     

麦饭石含量对载药复合凝胶小球释药性能的影响

以瓜尔胶-g-聚丙烯酸/麦饭石复合水凝胶(GG-g-PAA/MS)和海藻酸钠(SA)为原料,双氯芬酸钠(DS)为模拟药物,采用离子凝胶法制备了载药复合凝胶小球,考察了pH敏感性以及MS含量对复合凝胶小球的包封率、载药率、溶胀性和药物释放行为的影响.结果表明:凝胶小球具有明显的pH敏感性,在不同pH介质中溶胀率和释放速率...     

Development and characterization of biodegradables packaging obtained from biopolymers mixture

The aim of this work is the development and the characterization of biodegradables films obtained from a mixture of soluble starch and sodium alginate. The influence of sodium alginate ratio on the behavior of these films is also studied in order to use them as new formulations to produce food packaging. The obtained films are generally homogeneous, thin, smooth and having a good coherence with no visual defects. The results of the FITR, SEM and XRD tests have shown the existence of a good compatibility, between alginate and starch due to both kind of strong interactions like hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions. Water sorption isotherm, water vapor permeability, and mechanical tests were strongly influenced by the addition of sodium alginate in the different formulations. This influence is caused by the plasticization effect of sodium alginate.     

Bilayer Cylindrical Conduit Consisting of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofibers and DSC Cross‐Linked Sodium Alginate Hydrogel to Bridge Peripheral Nerve Gaps

Herein, a bilayer cylindrical conduit (P‐CA) is presented consisting of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers and sodium alginate hydrogel covalently cross‐linked with N,N′‐disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC). The bilayer P‐CA conduit is developed by combining the electrospinning and outer–inner layer methods. Using DSC, as a covalent crosslinker, increases the degradation time of the sodium alginate hydrogel up to 2 months. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel is also 503% during the first 8 h. The DSC cross‐linked sodium alginate in the inner layer of the conduit promotes the adhesion and proliferation of nerve cells, while the electrospun PCL nanofibers in the outer layer provide maximum tensile strength of the conduit during surgery. P‐CA conduit promotes the migration of Schwann cells along the axon in a rat model based on functional and histological evidences. In conclusion, P‐CA conduit will be a promising construct for repairing sciatic nerves in a rat model.     

Preparation and characterization of PVA/SA/HA composite hydrogels for wound dressing

A composite hydrogel based on, by introducing, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and hyaluronic acid was fabricated using CaCl₂ as a cross-linker. The physical properties including morphology, water vapor transmission rate, and hydrophilicity were investigated. All PVA/SA/HA composite hydrogels with different compositions had highly homogeneous and interconnected pores, and the morphologies of the PVA/SA/HA hydrogels ranged from fibrous structure to irregular structure with increasing content of SA. The introduction of sodium alginate enhanced the hydrophilicity and water vapor transmission capacity of the hydrogel; however, the hydrophilicity of the composite hydrogels decreased with the increasing cross-linker content.