磁性碳纳米管对水中孔雀绿的吸附性能研究

以磁性碳纳米管吸附处理孔雀绿溶液,考察了吸附剂用量、孔雀绿浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。结果表明,该吸附不受溶液p H的影响,符合准二级动力学方程(R20.999)。不同温度下,该吸附过程满足Langmuir方程(R20.97)和Freundlich方程(R20.98),qmax、KF随温度升高而变大。D-R等温方程拟合结果表明该吸附的机理是以化学吸附为主。热力学参数计算结果表明,该吸附是一个熵增的自发吸热过程,温度越高越利于吸附的进行。     

改性木质素磺酸钠水凝胶对镉离子的吸附研究

研究了改性木质素磺酸钠水凝胶对水溶液中镉离子的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、溶液p H值、温度及镉离子初始浓度对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,改性木质素磺酸钠水凝胶对镉离子的平衡吸附量随着温度的上升而增加;p H值小于7时,镉离子的平衡吸附量随着p H值的增加而增大;p H值等于7时,镉离子的平衡吸附量最大。在室温下,p H值为7的水溶液中,该水凝胶对镉离子的平衡吸附量随着镉离子浓度的增加而增大,最大可达到225.2mg/g;吸附过程满足准二级动力学方程,并能较好地符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附性能研究

本文研究了磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附特性,考察了pH、吸附剂用量、结晶紫浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。磁性石墨烯吸附结晶紫符合准二级动力学模型。不同温度下磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附等温线满足Langmuir方程(R20.99)、Freundlich方程(R20.97)以及D-R模型(R20.96)。吸附热力学计算结果表明该吸附过程的△G0,并且随着温度升高△G越来越小,表明该吸附反应是自发进行的吸热反应。     

玉米芯粉对中性红的吸附脱色研究

本文研究了玉米芯粉对染料的吸附脱色情况,结果表明,玉米芯粉能有效吸附阳离子染料。以阳离子染料中性红为模型,考察了吸附剂用量、溶液浓度、溶液p H以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响,结果表明玉米芯粉吸附中性红符合拟二级动力学方程;不同温度下,该吸附过程符合Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程,qmax、KF受温度影响小;D-R等温方程拟合结果表明该吸附是以化学吸附为主;热力学参数计算结果表明玉米芯粉吸附中性红是一个熵减的自发放热过程。其他电解质的存在不利于吸附反应的进行。     

天然蛭石对结晶紫的吸附性能研究

研究了蛭石对结晶紫的吸附特性,考察了溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、搅拌时间、结晶紫浓度、温度对吸附平衡的影响。结果表明,室温下溶液pH=6,蛭石用量为0.2000 g时蛭石对结晶紫的吸附效果最佳,吸附率超过94%。拟二级速率方程能很好地描述蛭石对结晶紫的吸附动力学,相关系数(R2)达到0.9996。不同温度下蛭石对结晶紫的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir方程,相关系数(R2)都在0.9898以上。吉布斯自由能变化△G0,且随着温度升高,吸附量增大,表明该反应是自发进行的吸热反应。     

磁性碳纳米管对水中孔雀石绿的吸附性能研究

（1）以磁性碳纳米管吸附处理孔雀石绿溶液,考察了吸附剂用量、孔雀石绿浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。结果表明,该吸附不受溶液pH值的影响,符合准二级动力学方程（R2＞0.999）。不同温度下,该吸附过程满足Langmuir方程（R2>0.97）和Freundlich方程（R2>0.98）,qmax、KF随温度升高而变大。D-R等温方程拟合结果表明该吸附的机理是以化学吸附为主。热力学参数计算结果表明,该吸附是一个熵增的自发吸热过程,温度越高越利于吸附的进行。     

一种羧甲基葡甘聚糖钛凝胶球的吸附性能

用钛交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖制得羧甲基葡甘聚糖钛凝胶球,研究该凝胶球对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的吸附性能。分别探究了吸附时间、p H值、Ti(SO_4)_2浓度、羧甲基葡甘聚糖(CMKGK)浓度、SDBS浓度及温度对吸附的影响。结果表明:Ti(SO_4)_2浓度为2%、CMKGM浓度为2%时制得的凝胶球吸附效果最佳,吸附反应在8h达到平衡,当SDBS溶液的pH值为4、初始浓度为2 000 mg·L~(-1),温度为298K时,凝胶球对SDBS的吸附量达到493 mg·g~(-1),而且吸附量随着SDBS溶液初始浓度的增大而增大。钛交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖凝胶球对SDBS的吸附符合Freundlich等温方程,升高温度不利于吸附。动力学研究表明此吸附遵从准二级动力学方程。     

ε-聚赖氨酸吸附条件的优化

以吸附率为指标,通过单因素试验比较了5种不同的树脂类型、p H值、溶质浓度和树脂量对ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)的吸附效果,进一步采用响应面设计优化了HZD-3B和D155树脂的吸附条件,分析了两种树脂吸附ε-PL的吸附等温线以及吸附动力学曲线。结果表明,试验的5种树脂中,HZD-3B和D155树脂的吸附效果较好。HZD-3B最佳静态吸附条件为:溶液起始p H 8.5、起始浓度40g/L、树脂用量150g/L、温度25℃、吸附13h,ε-PL的最大吸附率是97.69%;D155最佳静态吸附条件为:溶液起始p H 8、起始浓度40g/L、树脂用量150g/L、温度25℃、吸附14h,ε-PL的最大吸附率是96.84%;等温线数据拟合均较符合Freundlich方程,动力学数据拟合均较符合二级动力学方程。发酵液验证试验结果显示,ε-PL最大吸附量与纯品吸附量基本一致。     

聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯苯)树脂对聚乙二醇的吸附研究

制备了聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯苯)树脂NDA-150,并将其应用于聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟废水处理。研究了投加量、p H值、温度及时间对PEG去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,最佳投加量为0.4g/L,此时吸附量Qe为35mg/g;初始p H值对吸附过程的影响可忽略不计,最佳温度为293K,吸附等温线可使用Freundlich方程很好地拟合。PEG在NDA-150树脂上吸附的ΔH,ΔG以及ΔS的计算结果表明,吸附过程是自发的放热过程,且熵是增加的。整个吸附过程约在24h左右达到平衡,吸附动力学数据符合拟二级动力学方程。     

果胶锆凝胶球对苯甲酸的吸附性能研究

用锆氧基离子与果胶反应制得果胶锆凝胶球,采用扫描电镜和红外光谱初步表征了凝胶球的结构,并测定了凝胶球的机械强度。研究了该凝胶球对苯甲酸的吸附性能。分别考察了果胶浓度、锆氧基离子浓度、吸附时间、p H值、温度及苯甲酸浓度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在298K下,果胶锆凝胶球对苯甲酸的吸附在4.5h左右达到平衡,当果胶的质量分数为3.0%,锆氧基离子质量分数为1.0%,苯甲酸初始浓度为500mg/L,吸附量可达73.89mg/g。所研究的吸附体系既适用于Freundlich方程,又适用于Langmuir方程;吸附过程为自发的放热、熵减过程,降低温度对吸附更有利。     

碳纳米管对苯胺的吸附行为

碳纳米管有较大的比表面,有利于用作吸附剂。当前研究主要集中在对气体,尤其是对H2气的吸附。近年来,也有人将碳纳米管应用于环境保护领域,Long等使用碳纳米管除去二恶英,Li等用碳纳米管吸附溶液中的Cd^2 都取得了满意的效果。苯胺类化合物是国家严格控制的一类污染物,使用碳纳米管对苯胺的吸附研究尚未见报道。     

Studies of the equilibrium and thermodynamics of the adsorption of Cu(2+) onto as-produced and modified carbon nanotubes

This study evaluates the Cu(2+) adsorption efficiency of as-produced carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and those modified by HNO(3) and NaOCl. The surface area, pH(pzc), pore volume, FTIR analyses, and average pore size of CNTs were determined to compare the differences between nanotubes before and after HNO(3) and NaOCl modification. The HNO(3) and NaOCl modifications increased the pore volume and the average pore size of CNTs; in contrast, the pH(pzc) was decreased. The modification processes produced some functional groups. The adsorption capacity of Cu(2+) on as-produced and modified CNTs increased with the pH and temperature; however, the effects of the ionic strength on the adsorption of Cu(2+) on as-produced and modified CNTs were negligible. The linear correlation coefficients of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were obtained and the results revealed that the Langmuir isotherm fitted the experimental results better than did the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption capacity of Cu(2+) followed the order NaOCl-modified CNTs > HNO(3)-modified CNTs > as-produced CNTs. Changes in the free energy of adsorption (DeltaG(o)), enthalpy (DeltaH(o)), and entropy (DeltaS(o)) were determined. All DeltaG(o) values were negative; the DeltaH(o) values of as-produced, HNO(3)-modified, and NaOCl-modified CNTs were 10.84, 17.08, and 67.77 kJ/mol and the DeltaS(o) values were 96.89, 122.88, and 319.76 J/mol K, respectively.     

Adsorption of ethyl violet dye in aqueous solution by regenerated spent bleaching earth

The adsorption of basic dye (i.e., ethyl violet or basic violet 4) from aqueous solution onto the regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE) was carried out by varying the process parameters such as initial concentration, pH, and temperature. As analytical comparisons, activated bleaching earth (ABE) was also used as adsorbent for the adsorption of the basic dye at various initial concentrations. The experimental results showed that the adsorption process can be well described with the pseudo-second-order reaction model and less fitted by the intra-particle diffusion model. The kinetic parameters of both models obtained in the present work are in line with pore properties of the two adsorbents. According to the equilibrium adsorption capacity from the fitting of pseudo-second-order reaction model, it was further found that the both models of Langmuir and Freundlich appeared to fit well the isotherm data. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated based on the pseudo-second-order rate constants, showing that the adsorption of ethyl violet onto the RSBE is endothermic in nature.     

Removal of radiocobalt from aqueous solution by different sized carbon nanotubes

Batch adsorption technique was applied to study the adsorption of radiocobalt on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with deferent sizes. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of contact time, pH, solid content, foreign ions and CNT particle sizes on the removal of Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions by CNTs. The results indicated that the adsorption of Co(II) was strongly dependent on pH and the adsorption capacity was in inverse proportion to the particle sizes of CNTs. The adsorption of Co(II) was weakly affected by ionic strength and foreign ions. Ion exchange and surface complexation were the main adsorption mechanisms. The kinetics of Co(II) adsorption on CNTs was described well by pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to interpret the adsorption data. The results are important to understand the physicochemical behavior of Co(II) with CNTs, and for the application of CNTs in the preconcentration of radiocobalt from large volumes of aqueous solutions.     

水溶液中六价铬在碳纳米管上的吸附

针对用碳纳米管对水溶液中六价铬的吸附净化进行了研究, 考察了溶液浓度、溶液pH值、共存的三价铬离子等因素对吸附行为的影响. 实验结果表明, 碳纳米管在室温下对于六价铬的吸附量随着平衡浓度的增大而升高, 在铬浓度为493.557 mg•L−1时碳纳米管吸附量达到最大值为532.215 mg•g−1; 六价铬的浓度在300~700 mg•L−1的范围内, 碳纳米管对铬的吸附量变化不大；大于700 mg•L−1时, 随着铬的平衡浓度的升高碳纳米管对铬的吸附量降低, 铬浓度为961.074 mg•L−1时, 碳纳米管吸附量降至194.631 mg•g−1. 在pH值为2~7的范围内, 碳纳米管对六价铬的吸附量随着溶液pH值的减小而增大; 而在碱性条件下, pH值对碳纳米管吸附六价铬的影响不大. 溶液中存在三价铬时, 碳纳米管对六价铬的吸附量明显降低, 表明三价铬与六价铬有竞争吸附. 此外, 活性炭的对比吸附实验表明, 在低浓度时, 譬如在六价铬浓度为190 mg•L−1吸附时, 碳纳米管对铬的吸附量约为活性炭的6倍；而在高浓度下, 譬如六价铬浓度为493 mg•L−1时, 碳纳米管对铬的吸附量约为活性炭的2倍.     

Geopolymeric adsorbents from fly ash for dye removal from aqueous solution

Adsorbents from coal fly ash treated by a solid-state fusion method using NaOH were prepared. It was found that amorphous aluminosilicate geopolymers would be formed. These fly ash-derived inorganic polymers were assessed as potential adsorbents for removal of some basic dyes, methylene blue and crystal violet, from aqueous solution. It was found that the adsorption capacity of the synthesised adsorbents depends on the preparation conditions such as NaOH:fly-ash ratio and fusion temperature with the optimal conditions being at 1.2:1 weight ratio of Na:fly-ash at 250-350 degrees C. The synthesised materials exhibit much higher adsorption capacity than fly ash itself and natural zeolite. The adsorption isotherm can be fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich models while the two-site Langmuir model producing the best results. It was also found that the fly ash derived geopolymeric adsorbents show higher adsorption capacity for crystal violet than methylene blue and the adsorption temperature influences the adsorption capacity. Kinetic studies show that the adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order kinetics.     

Removal of methyl violet from aqueous solution by perlite

The use of perlite for the removal of methyl violet from aqueous solutions at different concentration, pH, and temperature has been investigated. Adsorption equilibrium is reached within 1 h. The capacity of perlite samples for the adsorption of methyl violet was found to increase with increasing pH and temperature and decrease with expansion and increasing acid-activation. The adsorption isotherms are described by means of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption isotherm was measured experimentally at different conditions and the experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the adsorption isotherm of Langmuir. The order of heat of adsorption corresponds to a physical reaction. It is concluded that the methyl violet is physically adsorbed onto the perlite. The removal efficiency (P) and dimensionless separation factor (R) have shown that perlite can be used for removal of methyl violet from aqueous solutions, but unexpanded perlite is more effective.     

Effect of pH and Temperature on Adsorption of Dimethyl Phthalate on Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Phase

Adsorptions of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous phase at various pH and temperatures were studied. The increase in pH results in the increase in adsorption coefficient. The adsorption is governed by the π-π electron interaction which is affected by the changes in pH of the medium. The outer diameter of the CNTs greatly influences the adsorption behavior of CNT for DMP. Under the same working temperature, the adsorption capacity of CNTs for DMP is inversely related to the average outer diameter of the CNT: single-walled SWCNT (1.4 nm)>multi-walled MWCNT10 (9.4 nm)>MWCNT30 (27.8 nm)>MWCNT40 (42.7 nm). The larger surface area of CNTs provides many active sites for adsorption of DMP molecules. The Freundlich model can describe well the adsorption isotherms of DMP on CNTs. The thermodynamic parameters of standard free energy, standard enthalpy (ΔH), and standard entropy changes are determined, showing that the adsorption of DMP on CNTs is an endothermic and spontaneous reaction. The ΔH value of 27.8 nm-sized MWCNT (22.69 kJ/mol) is higher than 1.4 nm-sized SWCNT (6.05 kJ/mol), inferring that the adsorption process becomes more endothermic with the increase in the outer diameter of CNTs.     

Adsorption and desorption of atrazine on carbon nanotubes

The potential impact of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on human health and the environment is receiving more and more attention. The high surface area of CNTs tends to adsorb a large variety of toxic chemicals, which may enhance the toxicity of CNTs and/or toxic chemicals. In this study, adsorption and desorption of atrazine on carbon nanotubes from aqueous solution were studied through batch reactors. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms were nonlinear and were fitted by Freundlich, Langmuir, and Polanyi-Manes models. It was found that the Polanyi-Manes model described the adsorption process better than other two isotherm models. Together with the "characteristic curve," the Polanyi adsorption potential theory is applicable to describe the adsorption process of atrazine on CNTs. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that the adsorption reaction of atrazine on CNTs is spontaneous and exothermic. The desorption data showed that no significant desorption hysteresis occurred. High adsorption capacity and adsorption reversibility of atrazine on CNTs suggest that CNTs have high health and environmental risks, whereas they have potential applications for atrazine removal from water.     

Adsorption of benzene,toluene, ethylbenzene and p-xylene by NaOCl-oxidized carbon nanotubes

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were oxidized by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and were employed as adsorbents to study their characterizations and adsorption performance of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and p-xylene (abbreviated as BTEX) in an aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of CNTs such as purity, structure and surface nature were greatly improved after oxidation, which significantly enhanced BTEX adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of CNT(NaOCl) increased with contact time and initial adsorbate concentration, but changed insignificantly with solution ionic strength and pH. A comparative study on the BTEX adsorption revealed that the CNT(NaOCl) had better BTEX adsorption as compared to CNTs and granular activated carbon. This suggests that the CNT(NaOCl) are efficient BTEX adsorbents and that they possess good potential for BTEX removal in wastewater treatment.