反射镜多靶串接增益饱和软X光激光实验

利用Mo/Si多层膜软X光反射镜实现了类氖锗软X光激光的双程放大,在顺接双靶总长28mm时,加与不加反射镜相比,软X光激光输出强度增强了40倍左右,已接近饱和;光束发散角减小,增益区厚度变薄,光束的空间相干性改善。当串接四靶总长为56mm时,加与不加反射的软X光激光输出强度没有明显的差异,表明已达到深度的增益饱和。     

倍频纳秒激光驱动类氖锗X射线激光的研究

利用JB19等程序分别对基频和倍频激光驱动条件下类氖锗X射线激光进行了模拟计算,结果表明利用倍频激光驱动同样也能够获得高强度的类氖锗X射线激光输出,只是对驱动激光的输出要求要高3.3倍.尽管如此,这也为将来在大型激光装置上开展类氖系列X射线激光研究指明了方向.初步的实验研究也证实了利用倍频纳秒激光驱动能够获得类氖锗X射线激光输出的结果. 关键词： X射线激光 类氖锗 数值模拟     

类氖锗X射线激光光学特性研究

本工作测量了类氖锗3s-3p X射线激光的23.2nm和23.6nm两条强激光跃迁线水平方向和垂直方向的空间分布,当靶长20mm时,X射线激光水平方向束发散角约为12mrad,主束指向偏离线状等离子体轴线约8mrad;垂直方向束发散角约为22mrad,本工作还采用钼/硅多层膜平面反射镜,对X射线激光进行正反射,获得了X射线激光双程放大的光学特性。 关键词：     

类氖锗软X射线激光输出达到深度饱和

在国家“863”计划激光技术领域专家委员会的支持下,1992年9月,中国工程物理研究院上海激光等离子体研究所、北京应用物理与计算数学研究所成功地进行了新的一轮四靶串接加反射镜X射线激光实验.波长为23.2和23.6nm两条激光线的有效增益长度积GL达17.5,创世界最高纪录,表明我国 X射线激光技术研究走在世界前列. 实验用我国的“神光”装置作驱动源,在上一轮四靶串接X射线激光实验成功的基础上,把X射线多层膜反射镜放置在四靶的西侧,距靶端3cm处,使由南路激光辐照的一、二靶产生的X射线激光实现了双程放大、经双程放大的X射线.激光输出强度…     

X光激光实验研究进展

自１９８７年开发Ｘ光激光实验以来，在许多物理机制研究上取得重要进展，尤其利用电子碰撞激发机制实现了一系列类氖锗离子的Ｘ光激光增益。在驱动能量－６００Ｊ、脉宽－１．２ｎｓ条件下，首先获得１９．６－２８．６ｎｍ间的５条跃迁增益线，ＧＬ值约８，利用平面Ｘ光反射镜又实现双程放大，时间分辨的强度提高１０倍。     

基于双程放大的毛细管放电69.8 nm激光增益特性

建立了类氖氩C线69.8 nm激光的双程放大实验后反射腔结构,利用45 cm长毛细管作为放电负载得到了其双程放大输出.在相同初始实验条件下,分别测量了单程放大输出与双程放大输出的激光脉冲光强、脉冲宽度以及激光束散角.通过对比单程与双程输出实验结果,利用双程放大激光光强的计算公式,分析得到了增益持续时间大于4 ns,以及增益在毛细管径向上的分布特点.以上结果为建立谐振腔进行毛细管放电类氖氩激光的多程放大实验奠定了基础.     

23.4nm软X射线多层膜反射镜研制

为了满足类氖-锗X射线激光研究的需要,设计制备了23.4 nm软X射线多层膜反射镜.依据多层膜选材原则并考虑材料的物理化学特性选择新的材料Ti与Si组成材料对.设计优化材料多层膜的周期厚度(d),材料比例(Γ),周期数(N),计算出Ti/Si反射率曲线.通过实验优化各种镀膜工艺参数,制备出了23.4 nm的Ti/Si多...     

软X射线激光汤姆逊散射实验尝试

汤姆逊散射是诊断高温稠密等离子体状态参数的重要方法之一, 受到广泛的关注. 但是目前用于进行汤姆逊散射的探针光波长多局限于可见光或紫外光, 能够诊断的区域电子密度远低于驱动激光的临界密度. 相比较而言, 以软X射线激光作为探针, 有希望诊断更高密度区域的等离子体. 利用“神光Ⅱ”高功率激光装置产生的类氖锗软X射线激光作为探针, 开展了软X射线激光汤姆逊散射实验的尝试. 根据散射的条件, 分别进行了非相干散射和相干散射的实验, 但均未能获得明显的散射谱. 理论分析表明, 主要原因可能是实验中作为探针的类氖锗软 X射线激光的聚焦功率密度不够, 通过优化实验条件, 有希望在今后的研究中获得相干汤姆逊散射的结果. 关键词： 等离子体诊断 软X 射线激光 汤姆逊散射     

类氖锗X光激光增益实验

本文介绍了在LF-12激光器上进行的类氖锗X光激光增益实验。当泵浦激光波长为1.053μm,脉宽为1.1～1.4ns、能量为550～650J、线聚焦焦斑为185μm×20mm时,使用片状锗靶测量波长为19.61、23.22、23.63、24.73及28.65nm的五条激光跃迁线的增益分别为3.06、3.99、3.72、2.36及4.59cm^(-1)。实验给出了关于柱形等离子体激光介质发射区厚度及软X射线激光发射角的实验数据。实验也给出了软X射线激光强度随泵浦激光功率密度变化的讯息。最后分析了由薄膜锗X光激光靶进行的增益实验中未看到激光增益线的原因。     

诊断技术领域的新设备——平焦场光栅光谱仪

<正> 平焦场光栅光谱仪是由中国工程物理研究院上海激光实验室自行研制的用于X光激光研究的诊断设备。在1990年5月的锗双靶对接X光激光实验中,该谱仪已与西安光机所生产的软X光扫描相机相接,在国内首次测出了类氖锗高增益X光激光时间分辨谱线。用脉宽1ns的激光打靶时,产生的X     

Parametric study of plasma active medium and gain saturation region in a Ne-like soft X-ray laser

Plasmas created by the interaction of high power optical laser with a target surface can be used as a source of soft X-ray lasers. Plasma and pump laser characteristics play significant role in achieving high gain coefficient for such plasma based on soft X-ray lasers. In the present work, the plasma active medium parameters for germanium element at a wavelength of 19.6 nm irradiated by a double-pulse pump laser have been studied using MED103 hydrodynamic code. For this purpose, first, the effects of laser intensity, pulse width and delay time of two pulses on the gain coefficient have been investigated and the optimum conditions for the maximum gain extent of Ne-like germanium soft X-ray laser are obtained. Then, in order to calculate the intensity of such high gain lasers in which Linford equation is invalid, we have adopted the general formula of amplified spontaneous emission intensity, which is valid in all range of intensities even at much higher intensities than saturation intensity. Finally, the soft X-ray laser intensities in the saturated areas for different plasma lengths have been calculated. The results show that the output of soft X-ray laser intensity with 294 cm⁻¹ gain coefficient can reach to about several times saturated intensity by applying a 1–2 mm plasma length as the active medium.     

Statistical investigations of the beam stability of the double-pass amplified zinc soft X-ray laser at 21.2 nm

At the Prague asterix laser system (PALS) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic the 1-TW asterix iodine laser is used as a pump source for soft X-ray laser experiments. The prepulse technique was applied which is known to enhance the X-ray laser output at the J=0-1 transition dramatically. Since Zn slab targets were used the laser wavelength was 21.2 nm. A prepulse beam having 1.6 J was preceding the main pulse by 10 ns. The main and the prepulse beam are focused by two different optical systems separately. Implementing a half-cavity set-up for double-pass amplification using a Mo/Si multilayer mirror the X-ray laser output was 10 times stronger than at single pass amplification in a 3-cm long plasma. Double-pass amplification was observed to be most efficient when the pump pulse duration was at least 120 ps longer than the round trip time in the half-cavity. Under this fundamental condition the X-ray laser reached saturation in the double-pass regime containing 4 mJ energy what is proved to be enough for applications. In this contribution the X-ray laser features like divergence in two dimensions, the beam quality (symmetry), the pointing angle and the time-integrated output energy are investigated over more than 100 shots. To characterize the stability of the X-ray laser the shot distribution, the mean value and the standard deviation for these parameters are evaluated. For 18 shots in a series -- achieved during one single day -- the corresponding values are given and detailed chi-squared tests characterize the Zn X-ray laser as a robust tool suitable for applications. At PALS soft X-ray laser beam time can be reserved for external research groups.Received: 16 April 2003, Published online: 5 August 2003PACS: 42.55.Vc X- and -ray lasers - 42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings - 42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation     

X光激光实验研究进展

自１９８７年开展Ｘ光激光实验以来,在许多物理机制研究上取得重要进展,尤其利用电子碰撞激发机制实现了一系列类氖锗离子的Ｘ光激光增益．在驱动能量～６００Ｊ、脉宽～１．２ｎｓ条件下,首先获得１９．６～２８．６ｎｍ间的５条跃迁增益线,ＧＬ值约８,利用平面Ｘ光反射镜又实现双程放大．时间分辨的强度提高１０倍．在此基础上．又完成低能量驱动和预－主脉冲驱动的Ｘ光激光增益实验,为在较低驱动能量下实现高增益和准单线的Ｘ光激光输出探索有效的技术途径． This paper introduces the progress on X-ray laser investigations in CAEP,including the experiments of X-ray lasers gain of Ne-like Ge pumped by electron-collision excitation, double-pass amplification of X-ray laser, low enery double-pulse driving and X-raylasers pumped by other schemes. The attentions are paid to the experimental principles, designs and results. Some suggestions of future investigations are also discussed.     

用光线矩阵元描述X射线激光输出特性

采用矩阵光学方法，研究了串接多靶，弯曲靶加反射镜“双程放大”Ｘ射线激光输出特性，给出了发散角普遍公式，分析了电子密度梯度分布，反射镜角失调对Ｘ射线激光输出场分布的影响，所得结果与已有实验符合较好，最后，对如何从靶，Ｘ光学元件空间排布来实现衍射极限的输出发散角提出了新的设想，作了半定量的探讨。     

Photodissociation and photoionization of sodium coated C $_\mathsf{60}$ clusters

At the Prague Asterix Laser System Center (PALS) the Asterix iodine laser delivering up to 700 J/0.5 ns is used as a pump source for X-ray laser experiments and applications. The prepulse technique was applied which is known to improve the neon-like X-ray laser output at the J = 0-1 transition dramatically. Since Zn slab targets were used the operating wavelength was 21.2 nm. A prepulse having up to 20 J precedes the main pulse by 10 ns. The main beam and the prepulse beam are focussed by two different optical systems separately and their foci are superimposed at the target surface. By implementing a half-cavity set-up for double-pass amplification using a Mo/Si multilayer mirror - which can be used for more than 100 shots - the X-ray laser output was more than 10 times stronger than at the single pass in a 30 mm long plasma. Double-pass amplification was observed to be most efficient when the pump pulse duration was at least 150 ps longer than the round trip time ( ≈ 260 ps) in the half-cavity. Under this fundamental condition the X-ray laser reached saturation in the double-pass regime containing approx. 4 mJ energy which has been proved to be enough for future applications. In this contribution, the X-ray laser features like divergence in two dimensions, the beam quality (symmetry), the pointing angle and the integrated intensity giving an estimation of the output energy are investigated over 110 shots. To characterize the stability of the X-ray laser the shot distribution, the mean value and the standard deviation for these parameters are evaluated. For 18 shots in a series - what was achievable during one day - the corresponding values are given, and a statistical analysis carrying out a chi-squared test characterize the Zn X-ray laser as a robust tool suitable for applications. In the future it is planned to allocate X-ray laser beam time to external research groups. Received 17 May 2002 / Received in final form 10 September 2002 Published online 6 November 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: praeg@fzu.cz     

Observation of the spectrum of Ne-like Ar 46.9 nm soft X-ray and the laser under different main current rise time

Ne-like Ar 46.9 nm soft X-ray laser has been realized by the main current with different rise time. In this paper, the spectrum of capillary discharge Ne-like Ar 46.9 nm soft X-ray laser has been detected using a Rowland spectrograph, a new method of changing the rise time of the main current is also researched when the other conditions are fixed. The rise time will be changed when altering the inductance of the main switch, which will influence the time of lasing onset and the energy of the laser output. The time of lasing onset will be postponed and the energy of the laser will increase when the induction of the main switch increases. The energy of the laser increase by 78.5% when the rise time is changed from 38 to 55 ns.     

Preliminary studies of radiation coupling between remote soft X-ray laser amplifiers

Coupling of a soft X-ray laser beam with a relaying concave mirror in a sequentially pumped amplifier geometry using the Ne-like Ge system has been studied experimentally. Preliminary observations indicate an increase in the spatial coherence of the amplified relayed beam. In addition, near-field imaging of one of the amplifier plasmas shows a double-lobed intensity pattern of the emergent beam indicating refractive guiding of the amplified beam with components both normal and tangential to the target surface.