低频无规入射声场通过矩形板入射到闭空间的隔声量──Ⅰ．理论部分

运用模态耦合方法，本文计算了低频无规入射声场通过矩形薄板入射到矩形闭空间的隔声量。在计算时，考虑了三种无规入射声场的模型：（１）单频无规入射声场为空间分布的随机过程；（２）单频无规入射声场中每点为δ函数，点点互不相关；（３）单频无规入射场是从各个方向以相同振幅和随机相位入射的平面波的迭加。对这三种模型，推导了其隔声量计算公式，并进行了计算机模拟，给出了所研究系统的无规入射声场频响。     

入射光参量对Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应的影响

采用非同时读出条件下晶体两波耦合实验装置,研究了入射光强度及光入射角对Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应的影响.结果表明,光扇效应存在明显的入射光强度阈值特性,入射光强度阈值为38.2 mW/cm2.对应相同的入射光强度,光入射角θ为15°时稳态光扇强度Ifsat最强,如:入射光强度为38.2 mW/cm2时,Ifsat最大为0.7 mW/cm2;入射光强度为57.3 mW/cm2时,Ifsat最大为1.8 mW/cm2.     

Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应的响应时间特性研究

以单束光入射Ce∶KNSBN晶体,系统研究了不同入射光波长下,Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应的响应时间随入射光强度及光入射角的变化情况.结果显示,相同的入射光强度及光入射角下,入射光波长较短时,光扇效应到达稳态的时间较短.相同的入射光强度下,随光入射角的增大,响应时间先减小后增大,但不同波长入射光下,最小值对应的光入射角不同,入射光波长为532 nm时,响应时间最小值对应的θ为15°;入射光波长为632.8 nm时,对应的θ为15.5°.同时研究发现,入射光强度逐渐增大的过程中,响应时间在逐渐减小.     

超声纵波在孔隙砂岩中的传播特性实验*

为了深入研究不同入射频率下超声波纵波在砂岩中的传播特性,以灰、红、褐砂岩为研究对象,开展了基于50 k Hz、100 kHz、200 kHz、500 kHz和1000 kHz入射频率的超声波纵波测试。提取纵波波速、幅值衰减系数、主频幅值、波形能量这些声学参数,结合入射频率和砂岩孔隙率进行传播特性的相关性分析。结果表明,在3种砂岩中,纵波波速随入射频率增大呈非线性增长趋势,砂岩种类不同,波速增长规律也不同;波形能量和主频幅值随入射频率呈指数关系降低;灰、红砂岩纵波波速随孔隙率越大,下降速率越大,褐砂岩在同级孔隙率下波速差异性明显。建立了基于3种砂岩的入射频率和幅值衰减系数的回归方程;基于200 kHz的入射频率,建立了砂岩孔隙率于波形能量的回归方程,实际测试中建议采用200 kHz作为入射频率,可较好兼顾检测的灵敏度和探测距离。研究成果为建立声学参数与砂岩抗压强度之间的内在联系提供了更多数据支撑,为实际物探测试中超声波入射频率的选择提供参考。     

Ce∶KNSBN晶体光扇效应的入射光强度阈值特性研究

采用非同时读出条件下的两波耦合实验装置,以单束光入射Ce∶KNSBN光折变晶体,系统研究了Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应随入射光偏振态、入射光强度、光入射角的变化情况。结果表明异常偏振光入射晶体时光扇效应明显,且存在明显的入射光强度阈值特性,入射光强度阈值为38.2mW/cm2;相同光入射角下,稳态光扇强度随入射光强度的增强而明显变大;对应相同的入射光强度,稳态光扇强度随光入射角θ的增大而增大,当θ为15°时到达峰值,而后随θ的增大而逐渐减小。同时对光扇效应的入射光强度阈值特性以及稳态光扇强度随入射光偏振态、入射光强度、光入射角的变化作出了相应的物理解释。     

Ce:KNSBN晶体光扇效应的入射光强度阈值特性研究

采用非同时读出条件下的两波耦合实验装置,以单束光入射Ce:KNSBN光折变晶体,系统研究了Ce:KNSBN晶体中光扇效应随入射光偏振态、入射光强度、光入射角的变化情况.结果表明异常偏振光入射晶体时光扇效应明显,且存在明显的入射光强度阈值特性,入射光强度阈值为38.2 mW/cm2;相同光入射角下,稳态光扇强度随入射光强度的增强而明显变大;对应相同的入射光强度,稳态光扇强度随光入射角θ的增大而增大,当θ为15°时到达峰值,而后随θ的增大而逐渐减小.同时对光扇效应的入射光强度阈值特性以及稳态光扇强度随入射光偏振态、入射光强度、光入射角的变化作出了相应的物理解释.     

BaTiO3:Ce自泵浦相位共轭产生机理随泵浦光斑尺寸的变化

实验发现当光入射到晶体表面的泵浦光斑尺寸较小时,无论入射角和入射位置怎样,擦除光对相位共轭反射率没有影响,同时从上表面可观察到全内反射的光回路,所以SPPC的形成机理为FWM-TIR;当入射到晶体表面的泵浦光斑尺寸较大时,在一定的入射角和入射位置,擦除光的作用使相位共轭反射率很快减小,表明这时的SPPC的形成机理为FWM-SPB.     

两维漂移室的结构和性能

在MIT型漂移室中加延迟线, 构成两维漂移室. 室内充P-9气体. 漂移室内电子平均漂移速度为3.34厘米/微秒. 室的平均空间分辨率为570微米. 对准直、穿过室的β射线, 输出脉冲幅度随β射线的入射位置有变化. X射线入射时, 在高电压区, 气体放大和X射线入射位置有关.     

旋转入射面法的进一步研究与推广

光学薄膜的反射率和透射率是其主要光学特性。透射率易于测量且精度较高,常用于光学薄膜光学常数和膜厚的拟合。许多光学薄膜工作在倾斜入射条件下,常需要测量其倾斜入射透射率(Ts和Tp)。在测量过程中,需要使用起偏器产生高偏振度的线偏振光。对于小型分光光度计来说,为其提供一个满足要求的起偏器,无疑将增加相当的成本。为解决这一问题,对旋转入射面法进行了进一步的研究和推广。考虑到旋转入射面法可使用具有一定偏振度的部分偏振光进行倾斜入射透射率的测量,且分光光度计的输出光束通常为具有一定偏振度的部分偏振光,旋转入射面法在满足一定条件的前提下可以不使用起偏器测量光学薄膜的倾斜入射透射率。研究表明:当偏振因子绝对值大于0.167时,旋转起偏器可以精确测量光学薄膜的倾斜入射透射率,且偏振因子绝对值越大测量精度越高。该方法所测平均透射率在整个测量波段内都具有很高的精度;而Ts和Tp在透射率对入射角较不敏感或随波长变化较平坦的波段具有较高的测量精度。     

双球粒子对任意入射单波束及双波束的散射

基于广义Lorenz-Mie理论,研究了双介质球粒子对任意角度入射波束的散射.将入射波束用球矢量波函数展开,推导了双介质球形粒子对任意入射单波束的散射方程;将该方法进一步推广,研究了双波束任意入射时的情况.以Gauss波束为例,对以上理论进行了数值验证,比较分析了单波束及双波束任意入射时散射特性随入射方向、球心距等参数的变化关系.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.